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Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications
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Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications

A special issue of International Journal of Molecular Sciences (ISSN 1422-0067). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 December 2024 | Viewed by 7862

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Lia Rimondini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale “UPO”, Vercelli, Italy
Interests: biomaterials; dental materials; tissue regeneration; tissue engineering; oral medicine; bacterial biofilm; anti-infective technologies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Elena Varoni

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical, Surgical and Dental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
Interests: oral medicine; biomaterials; nutrition; oral health
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Biomaterials play a crucial role in dental and orthopedic applications for tissue regeneration and substitution. These materials are designed to interact with biological systems, providing support and restoring or replacing damaged or diseased tissues; thus, they have a fundamental role in regenerative medicine.

The most commonly used biomaterials, for dental and orthopedic applications, include metals and alloys as well as ceramics, polymers, composites, and nature-derived materials.

The selection of the most appropriate biomaterial depends on the specific application, desired physico-chemical properties, and the biological response obtained for tissue regeneration or substitution. Researchers and clinicians continually explore new types of biomaterial and new fabrication techniques, in order to improve patient outcomes, longevity of implants, and overall success rates.

In this Special Issue, we invite scientists to submit original research papers, reviews, and perspectives on the personalized and precise application of new materials intended for dental and orthopedic applications. Both preclinical and clinical studies will be appreciated. The main aim is to explore the latest advancements and challenges in the development of innovative biomaterials that offer patient-tailored solutions for dental and orthopedic interventions.

Topics of interest include but are not limited to:

  • Customized and patient-specific materials for dental and orthopedic implants;
  • Additive manufacturing (3D printing) of personalized biomaterials;
  • Precision medicine approaches in the design of biomaterials for individualized treatments;
  • Biomaterials for regenerative dentistry and orthopedics;
  • Personalized drug delivery systems for dental and orthopedic applications;
  • Bioactive and bioresorbable materials tailored to patient needs;
  • Surface modifications and coatings for enhanced biocompatibility and functionality;
  • Novel biomaterials for tissue engineering and scaffolding in dental and orthopedic contexts;
  • Advanced imaging techniques and computational modeling for personalized material design;
  • Nanomaterials for dental and orthopedics applications;
  • Clinical studies and case reports on the outcomes and performance of personalized biomaterials.

Dr. Lia Rimondini
Dr. Elena Varoni
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Molecular Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. There is an Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal. For details about the APC please see here. Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

33 pages, 7079 KiB  
Article
Extracellular Vesicle Protein Expression in Doped Bioactive Glasses: Further Insights Applying Anomaly Detection
by Mauro Nascimben, Hugo Abreu, Marcello Manfredi, Giuseppe Cappellano, Annalisa Chiocchetti and Lia Rimondini
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3560; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063560 - 21 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1702
Abstract
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles presents several challenges due to the unique nature of these small membrane-bound structures. Alternative analyses could reveal outcomes hidden from standard statistics to explore and develop potential new biological hypotheses that may have been overlooked during the initial [...] Read more.
Proteomic analysis of extracellular vesicles presents several challenges due to the unique nature of these small membrane-bound structures. Alternative analyses could reveal outcomes hidden from standard statistics to explore and develop potential new biological hypotheses that may have been overlooked during the initial evaluation of the data. An analysis sequence focusing on deviating protein expressions from donors’ primary cells was performed, leveraging machine-learning techniques to analyze small datasets, and it has been applied to evaluate extracellular vesicles’ protein content gathered from mesenchymal stem cells cultured on bioactive glass discs doped or not with metal ions. The goal was to provide additional opportunities for detecting details between experimental conditions that are not entirely revealed with classic statistical inference, offering further insights regarding the experimental design and assisting the researchers in interpreting the outcomes. The methodology extracted a set of EV-related proteins whose differences between conditions could be partially explainable with statistics, suggesting the presence of other factors involved in the bioactive glasses’ interactions with tissues. Outlier identification of extracellular vesicles’ protein expression levels related to biomaterial preparation was instrumental in improving the interpretation of the experimental outcomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications)
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12 pages, 2674 KiB  
Communication
Titanium Surfaces with a Laser-Produced Microchannel Structure Enhance Pre-Osteoblast Proliferation, Maturation, and Extracellular Mineralization In Vitro
by Yi-Wen Chen, Tao Chiang, I-Hui Chen, Da-Yo Yuh, Hsiu-Yang Tseng, Chuang-Wei Wang and Hsin-Han Hou
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(6), 3388; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25063388 - 16 Mar 2024
Viewed by 1435
Abstract
The clinical success of dental titanium implants is profoundly linked to implant stability and osseointegration, which comprises pre-osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular mineralization. Because of the bio-inert nature of titanium, surface processing using subtractive or additive methods enhances osseointegration ability but limits [...] Read more.
The clinical success of dental titanium implants is profoundly linked to implant stability and osseointegration, which comprises pre-osteoblast proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and extracellular mineralization. Because of the bio-inert nature of titanium, surface processing using subtractive or additive methods enhances osseointegration ability but limits the benefit due to accompanying surface contamination. By contrast, laser processing methods increase the roughness of the implant surface without contamination. However, the effects of laser-mediated distinct surface structures on the osteointegration level of osteoblasts are controversial. The role of a titanium surface with a laser-mediated microchannel structure in pre-osteoblast maturation remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the effect of laser-produced microchannels on pre-osteoblast maturation. Pre-osteoblast human embryonic palatal mesenchymal cells were seeded on a titanium plate treated with grinding (G), sandblasting with large grit and acid etching (SLA), or laser irradiation (L) for 3–18 days. The proliferation and morphology of pre-osteoblasts were evaluated using a Trypan Blue dye exclusion test and fluorescence microscopy. The mRNA expression, protein expression, and protein secretion of osteogenic differentiation markers in pre-osteoblasts were evaluated using reverse transcriptase quantitative polymerase chain reaction, a Western blot assay, and a multiplex assay, respectively. The extracellular calcium precipitation of pre-osteoblast was measured using Alizarin red S staining. Compared to G- and SLA-treated titanium surfaces, the laser-produced microchannel surfaces enhanced pre-osteoblast proliferation, the expression/secretion of osteogenic differentiation markers, and extracellular calcium precipitation. Laser-treated titanium implants may enhance the pre-osteoblast maturation process and provide extra benefits in clinical application. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications)
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20 pages, 7144 KiB  
Article
Viability of Collagen Matrix Grafts Associated with Nanohydroxyapatite and Elastin in Bone Repair in the Experimental Condition of Ovariectomy
by Renato de Moraes, Ana Maria de Guzzi Plepis, Virgínia da Conceição Amaro Martins, Claudio Fernandes Garcia, Ewerton Alexandre Galdeano, Fernanda Latorre Melgaço Maia, Eduardo Gomes Machado, Marcelo de Azevedo e Souza Munhoz, Daniela Vieira Buchaim, Victor Augusto Ramos Fernandes, Rodrigo Alves Beraldo, Rogerio Leone Buchaim and Marcelo Rodrigues da Cunha
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15727; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115727 - 29 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
Bone lesions have the capacity for regeneration under normal conditions of the bone metabolism process. However, due to the increasing incidence of major traumas and diseases that cause bone-mineral deficiency, such as osteoporosis, scaffolds are needed that can assist in the bone regeneration [...] Read more.
Bone lesions have the capacity for regeneration under normal conditions of the bone metabolism process. However, due to the increasing incidence of major traumas and diseases that cause bone-mineral deficiency, such as osteoporosis, scaffolds are needed that can assist in the bone regeneration process. Currently, natural polymeric scaffolds and bioactive nanoparticles stand out. Therefore, the objective of the study was to evaluate the osteoregenerative potential in tibiae of healthy and ovariectomized rats using mineralized collagen and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA) scaffolds associated with elastin. The in-vivo experimental study was performed with 60 20-week-old Wistar rats, distributed into non-ovariectomized (NO) and ovariectomized (O) groups, as follows: Controls (G1-NO-C and G4-O-C); Collagen with nHA scaffold (G2-NO-MSH and G5-O-MSH); and Collagen with nHA and elastin scaffold (G3-NO-MSHC and G6-O-MSHC). The animals were euthanized 6 weeks after surgery and the samples were analyzed by macroscopy, radiology, and histomorphometry. ANOVA and Tukey tests were performed with a 95% CI and a significance index of p < 0.05. In the histological analyses, it was possible to observe new bone formed with an organized and compact morphology that was rich in osteocytes and with maturity characteristics. This is compatible with osteoconductivity in both matrices (MSH and MSHC) in rats with normal conditions of bone metabolism and with gonadal deficiency. Furthermore, they demonstrated superior osteogenic potential when compared to control groups. There was no significant difference in the rate of new bone formation between the scaffolds. Ovariectomy did not exacerbate the immune response but negatively influenced the bone-defect repair process. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications)
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15 pages, 3771 KiB  
Article
Synergistic Enhancement of Protein Recruitment and Retention via Implant Surface Microtopography and Superhydrophilicity in a Computational Fluid Dynamics Model
by Hiroaki Kitajima, Makoto Hirota, Toshinori Iwai, Kenji Mitsudo, Juri Saruta and Takahiro Ogawa
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(21), 15618; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms242115618 - 26 Oct 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1049
Abstract
The exact mechanisms by which implant surface properties govern osseointegration are incompletely understood. To gain insights into this process, we examined alterations in protein and blood recruitment around screw implants with different surface topographies and wettability using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. [...] Read more.
The exact mechanisms by which implant surface properties govern osseointegration are incompletely understood. To gain insights into this process, we examined alterations in protein and blood recruitment around screw implants with different surface topographies and wettability using a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model. Compared with a smooth surface, a microrough implant surface reduced protein infiltration from the outer zone to the implant thread and interface zones by over two-fold. However, the microrough implant surface slowed blood flow in the interface zone by four-fold. As a result, compared with the smooth surface, the microrough surface doubled the protein recruitment/retention index, defined as the mass of proteins present in the area per unit time. Converting implant surfaces from hydrophobic to superhydrophilic increased the mass of protein infiltration 2–3 times and slowed down blood flow by up to two-fold in the implant vicinity for both smooth and microrough surfaces. The protein recruitment/retention index was highest at the implant interface when the implant surface was superhydrophilic and microrough. Thus, this study demonstrates distinct control of the mass and speed of protein and blood flow through implant surface topography, wettability, and their combination, significantly altering the efficiency of protein recruitment. Although microrough surfaces showed both positive and negative impacts on protein recruitment over smooth surfaces, superhydrophilicity was consistently positive regardless of surface topography. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications)
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27 pages, 5069 KiB  
Article
Mitochondrial Redox Balance of Fibroblasts Exposed to Ti-6Al-4V Microplates Subjected to Different Types of Anodizing
by Anna Zalewska, Bożena Antonowicz, Julita Szulimowska, Izabela Zieniewska-Siemieńczuk, Barbara Leśniewska, Jan Borys, Sara Zięba, Paula Kostecka-Sochoń, Małgorzata Żendzian-Piotrowska, Roberto Lo Giudice, Giusseppe Lo Giudice, Piotr Żukowski and Mateusz Maciejczyk
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2023, 24(16), 12896; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241612896 - 17 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1122
Abstract
Despite the high biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys, the need to remove titanium implants is increasingly being debated due to the potential for adverse effects associated with long-term retention. Therefore, new solutions are being sought to enhance the biocompatibility of titanium implants. [...] Read more.
Despite the high biocompatibility of titanium and its alloys, the need to remove titanium implants is increasingly being debated due to the potential for adverse effects associated with long-term retention. Therefore, new solutions are being sought to enhance the biocompatibility of titanium implants. One of them is to increase the thickness of the passive layer of the implant made of titanium dioxide. We were the first to evaluate the effect of hard-anodized (type II) Ti-6Al-4V alloy discs on the cytotoxicity, mitochondrial function, and redox balance of fibroblasts mitochondria compared to standard-anodized (type III) and non-anodized discs. The study used fibroblasts obtained from human gingival tissue. The test discs were applied to the bottom of 12-well plates. Cells were cultured for 24 h and 7, 14, and 21 days and mitochondria were isolated. We demonstrated the occurrence of oxidative stress in the mitochondria of fibroblasts of all tested groups, regardless of the presence and type of anodization. Type II anodization prevented changes in complex II activity (vs. control). The lowest degree of citrate synthase inhibition occurred in mitochondria exposed to titanium discs with type II anodization. In the last phase of culture, the presence of type II anodization reduced the degree of cytochrome c oxidase inhibition compared to the other tests groups and the control group, and prevented apoptosis. Throughout the experiment, the release of titanium, aluminium, and vanadium ions from titanium discs with a hard-anodized passive layer was higher than from the other titanium discs, but decreased with time. The obtained results proved the existence of dysfunction and redox imbalance in the mitochondria of fibroblasts exposed to hard-anodized titanium discs, suggesting the need to search for new materials perhaps biodegradable in tissues of the human body. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomaterials for Dental and Orthopedic Applications)
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