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Women’s Health: Molecular and Morphological Perspectives
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Women’s Health: Molecular and Morphological Perspectives

A special issue of International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (ISSN 1660-4601). This special issue belongs to the section "Women's Health".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 December 2020) | Viewed by 15587

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Sara Bernardi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, 67100 L'Aquila, Italy
Interests: anatomy; dentistry; anatomy teaching; innovation in education; oral surgery; regenerative dentistry; oral biofilm; biomaterials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Serena Bianchi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The concept of health is defined as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”.

Therefore, people often look at clinical and at research medicine to improve their state of discomfort and illness.

It has become evident that the definition of health must be applied differently for women compared to men.

Therefore, a new medical discipline has developed, referred to as gender medicine, with the aim to achieve equality in access to and use of medical treatment.

This implies the involvement of basic research into those aspects typical of certain lesions that are particular to women, these can be derived from environmental exposure, or related to breast cancer, assisted reproductive technologies, osteoporosis therapies, or lesions that can be used as forensic proof in the case of violence.

This Special Issue invites original contributions, including original research, short communication, and reviews, on the biological, biochemical, morphological, clinical and observational studies that focus on any factors that can cause peculiar lesions, altering women’s health and their relative environmental and public health.

The listed keywords suggest just a few of the many possibilities:

  • Assisted Reproductive technology
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Gynecologic cancer
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome
  • ARONJ
  • MRONJ
  • Forensic Dentistry
  • Legal Medicine
  • Environmental hormones (endocrine disruptor)
  • Persistent Organic Pollutants
  • Health disparities of females

Dr. Sara Bernardi
Dr. Serena Bianchi
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2500 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Assisted Reproductive technology
  • Ovarian cancer
  • Breast cancer
  • Gynecologic cancer
  • Polycystic ovarian syndrome
  • ARONJ
  • MRONJ
  • Forensic Dentistry
  • Legal Medicine
  • Environmental hormones (endocrine disruptor)
  • Persistent Organic Pollutants
  • Health disparities of females

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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8 pages, 1603 KiB  
Article
A Brief Incubation of Cumulus-Enclosed Mouse Eggs in a Calcium-Free Medium Containing a High Concentration of Calcium-Chelator Markedly Improves Preimplantation Development
by Valeria Merico, Silvia Garagna and Maurizio Zuccotti
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3505; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103505 - 17 May 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1823
Abstract
The presence of cumulus cells (CCs) surrounding ovulated eggs is beneficial to in vitro fertilization and preimplantation development outcomes in several mammalian species. In the mouse, this contribution has a negligible effect on the fertilization rate; however, it is not yet clear whether [...] Read more.
The presence of cumulus cells (CCs) surrounding ovulated eggs is beneficial to in vitro fertilization and preimplantation development outcomes in several mammalian species. In the mouse, this contribution has a negligible effect on the fertilization rate; however, it is not yet clear whether it has positive effects on preimplantation development. Here, we compared the rates of in vitro fertilization and preimplantation development of ovulated B6C3F1 CC-enclosed vs. CC-free eggs, the latter obtained either after a 5 min treatment in M2 medium containing hyaluronidase or after 5–25 min in M2 medium supplemented with 34.2 mM EDTA (M2-EDTA). We found that, although the maintenance of CCs around ovulated eggs does not increment their developmental rate to blastocyst, the quality of the latter is significantly enhanced. Most importantly, for the first time, we describe a further quantitative and qualitative improvement, on preimplantation development, when CC-enclosed eggs are isolated from the oviducts in M2-EDTA and left in this medium for a total of 5 min prior to sperm insemination. Altogether, our results establish an important advancement in mouse IVF procedures that would be now interesting to test on other mammalian species. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women’s Health: Molecular and Morphological Perspectives)
17 pages, 5244 KiB  
Article
Pre-Implantation Mouse Embryos Cultured In Vitro under Different Oxygen Concentrations Show Altered Ultrastructures
by Manuel Belli, Paolo Rinaudo, Maria Grazia Palmerini, Elena Ruggeri, Sevastiani Antonouli, Stefania Annarita Nottola and Guido Macchiarelli
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(10), 3384; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17103384 - 13 May 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3240
Abstract
Assisted Reproductive Technologies routinely utilize different culture media and oxygen (O2) concentrations to culture human embryos. Overall, embryos cultured under physiological O2 tension (5%) have improved development compared to embryos cultured under atmospheric O2 conditions (20%). The mechanisms responsible [...] Read more.
Assisted Reproductive Technologies routinely utilize different culture media and oxygen (O2) concentrations to culture human embryos. Overall, embryos cultured under physiological O2 tension (5%) have improved development compared to embryos cultured under atmospheric O2 conditions (20%). The mechanisms responsible for this remain unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of physiologic (5%) or atmospheric O2 (20%) tension on the microscopic ultrastructure of pre-implantation mouse embryos using Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). Embryos flushed out of the uterus after natural mating were used as the control. For use as the control, 2-cells, 4-cells, morulae, and blastocysts were flushed out of the uterus after natural fertilization. In vitro fertilization (IVF) was performed using potassium simplex optimized medium (KSOM) under different O2 tensions (5% and 20%) until the blastocyst stage. After collection, embryos were subjected to the standard preparative for light microscopy (LM) and TEM. We found that culture in vitro under 5% and 20% O2 results in an increase of vacuolated shaped mitochondria, cytoplasmic vacuolization and presence of multi-vesicular bodies at every embryonic stage. In addition, blastocysts generated by IVF under 5% and 20% O2 showed a lower content of heterochromatin, an interruption of the trophectodermal and inner cell mass cell membranes, an increased density of residual bodies, and high levels of glycogen granules in the cytoplasm. In conclusion, this study suggests that in vitro culture, particularly under atmospheric O2 tension, causes stage-specific changes in preimplantation embryo ultrastructure. In addition, atmospheric (20%) O2 is associated with increased alterations in embryonic ultrastructure; these changes may explain the reduced embryonic development of embryos cultured with 20% O2. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women’s Health: Molecular and Morphological Perspectives)
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Review

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15 pages, 1518 KiB  
Review
Plausible Role of Estrogens in Pathogenesis, Progression and Therapy of Lung Cancer
by Claudia Musial, Renata Zaucha, Alicja Kuban-Jankowska, Lucyna Konieczna, Mariusz Belka, Antonella Marino Gammazza, Tomasz Baczek, Francesco Cappello, Michal Wozniak and Magdalena Gorska-Ponikowska
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(2), 648; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18020648 - 14 Jan 2021
Cited by 24 | Viewed by 5991
Abstract
Malignant neoplasms are among the most common diseases and are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed world. In contrast to men, available data show a clear upward trend in the incidence of lung cancer in women, making it almost as [...] Read more.
Malignant neoplasms are among the most common diseases and are responsible for the majority of deaths in the developed world. In contrast to men, available data show a clear upward trend in the incidence of lung cancer in women, making it almost as prevalent as breast cancer. Women might be more susceptible to the carcinogenic effect of tobacco smoke than men. Furthermore, available data indicate a much more frequent mutation of the tumor suppressor gene-p53 in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) female patients compared to males. Another important factor, however, might lie in the female sex hormones, whose mitogenic or carcinogenic effect is well known. Epidemiologic data show a correlation between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or oral contraceptives (OCs), and increased mortality rates due to the increased incidence of malignant tumors, including lung cancer. Interestingly, two types of estrogen receptors have been detected in lung cancer cells: ERα and ERβ. The presence of ERα has been detected in tissues and non-small-cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC) cell lines. In contrast, overexpression of ERβ is a prognostic marker in NSCLC. Herein, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of estrogens in the etiopathogenesis of lung cancer, as well as biological, hormonal and genetic sex-related differences in this neoplasm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women’s Health: Molecular and Morphological Perspectives)
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15 pages, 1260 KiB  
Review
Association between Female Reproductive Health and Mancozeb: Systematic Review of Experimental Models
by Serena Bianchi, Stefania Annarita Nottola, Diana Torge, Maria Grazia Palmerini, Stefano Necozione and Guido Macchiarelli
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2020, 17(7), 2580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072580 - 09 Apr 2020
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4036
Abstract
Mancozeb is a widely used fungicide approved for use in agriculture in many countries with long persistence in the environment and consequent bioaccumulation in tissues and biological fluids. Despite the large amount of studies published in recent years, the relationship between mancozeb exposure [...] Read more.
Mancozeb is a widely used fungicide approved for use in agriculture in many countries with long persistence in the environment and consequent bioaccumulation in tissues and biological fluids. Despite the large amount of studies published in recent years, the relationship between mancozeb exposure and female reproductive health is not fully elucidated. In order to summarize current evidence on mancozeb exposure and female reproductive disease, we performed a systematic review of literature. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to make this review. An adapted version of the National Toxicology Program’s Office of Health and Assessment and Translation (OHAT) framework was used to evaluate the risk of bias. Electronic search on two databases (PubMed and Scopus) was used to find experimental studies (in vitro and in vivo) on mancozeb exposure. The database search identified 250 scientific articles, 20 of which met our inclusion criteria. Selected data were then reviewed and summarized in tables. Overall, mancozeb represents a hazard for female reproductive health, with different mechanisms of action. Undoubtedly more experimental and epidemiological studies are required to definitively validate mancozeb as reproductive toxicant. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Women’s Health: Molecular and Morphological Perspectives)
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