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Hydrology
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Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition)
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Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition)

A special issue of Hydrology (ISSN 2306-5338). This special issue belongs to the section "Hydrological and Hydrodynamic Processes and Modelling".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 March 2026 | Viewed by 4624

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Vlassios Hrissanthou

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Guest Editor
Department of Civil Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, Greece
Interests: rainfall-runoff; soil erosion; sediment transport; reservoir sedimentation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Konstantinos Kaffas

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Guest Editor
Department of Science, Roma Tre University, 00146 Rome, Italy
Interests: catchment hydrology; soil moisture response; soil erosion; sediment transport; reservoir sedimentation
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
Interests: ecohydraulics; sediment transport; fluid dynamics; sediment dynamics; hydropower
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In a time where matters pertaining to water demand/scarcity, flood control, land degradation and sedimentation in streams and reservoirs grow into first-line priorities for catchment managers and stakeholders, understanding the hydrological processes and sediment dynamics is more relevant than ever. In recent years, water and sediment cycles have been subjected to stresses such as extreme storms or drought or fluctuations in the flow regime; hence, any advancements in hydrology, flow, and sediment dynamics are crucial.

A range of techniques, including modeling, remote sensing, field measurements, and experimental methods, are currently used in relevant studies. These techniques lead to simulations, data monitoring and analysis, or empirical observations.

The aim of this issue is to investigate the hydrological processes in surfaces or groundwater, as well as the soil erosion and/or stream sediment transport processes at any temporal or spatial scale throughout a catchment, including experimental plots. Studies on the entire chain of the aforementioned processes, or on single parts of the chain, are equally welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Vlassios Hrissanthou
Dr. Konstantinos Kaffas
Dr. Giuseppe Roberto Pisaturo
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Hydrology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • streamflow discharge
  • soil erosion
  • sediment transport
  • surface runoff
  • modeling
  • groundwater
  • measurements
  • sedimentation
  • catchment

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 21145 KB  
Article
Morphological Response to Sub-Seasonal Hydrological Regulation in the Yellow River Mouth: A 1996–2023 Case Study
by Jingjing Zhu, He Qing Huang, Guo-An Yu, Weipeng Hou, Xiao Zhao and Xueqin Zhang
Hydrology 2025, 12(12), 335; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12120335 - 17 Dec 2025
Viewed by 174
Abstract
River flow has historically been the primary force shaping the morphology of the Yellow River estuary. However, since the Xiaolangdi Reservoir began operating in 2000, the hydrological processes reaching the estuary have been significantly modified. To evaluate the morphological response of the estuary, [...] Read more.
River flow has historically been the primary force shaping the morphology of the Yellow River estuary. However, since the Xiaolangdi Reservoir began operating in 2000, the hydrological processes reaching the estuary have been significantly modified. To evaluate the morphological response of the estuary, we examined the evolution of the mouth channel from 1996 to 2023 using remote sensing, cartographic generalization, and hydrological analysis, supported by annual Landsat imagery, daily hydrological records, and field survey data. Our findings indicate that the channel extended slowly between 1996 and 2002, then advanced rapidly from 2003 to 2007, culminating in a natural avulsion between 2004 and 2008. Following the avulsion, the newly formed channel progressively extended (2008–2013) and, after 2014, developed into a multi-branch system. The development of this bifurcating system since 2014 is attributed to the sustained release of low-sediment-concentration flows from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir. In contrast, the earlier avulsion was triggered by the rapid discharge of a high-sediment-concentration flow in 2004. These results demonstrate that releases from the Xiaolangdi Reservoir with varying sediment concentrations at different timescales elicited distinct morphological responses in the Yellow River estuary, underscoring the need for carefully calibrated hydrological regulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition))
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18 pages, 6338 KB  
Article
Runoff and Sediment Responses to Snowmelt in a Gully-Dominated Agricultural Catchment in Northeast China
by Qingnan Yang, Anshuang Su, Shijun Gao, Zhuoxin Chen, Mingming Guo and Jinzhong Xu
Hydrology 2025, 12(12), 327; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12120327 - 11 Dec 2025
Viewed by 173
Abstract
Gully is the most visible sign of land degradation, but its effects on runoff and sediment dynamics during snowmelt conditions remain poorly understood. This study monitored a typical gully in the Mollisols region of Northeast China to investigate runoff and sediment transport at [...] Read more.
Gully is the most visible sign of land degradation, but its effects on runoff and sediment dynamics during snowmelt conditions remain poorly understood. This study monitored a typical gully in the Mollisols region of Northeast China to investigate runoff and sediment transport at the Gully Head (GH) and Gully Tail (GT) during spring snowmelt. Results showed that gully significantly influenced snow distribution, with deeper snow accumulation than on slopes. Runoff at the GH lasted 9 days, while gully connectivity extended catchment runoff by 10 additional days. Runoff temporal variation at GH and GT was broadly consistent, with GH contributing 7.4% of the total runoff at GT. Peak runoff discharge and sediment concentration occurred on the sixth day after snowmelt onset, driven by snow cover and air temperature. Gully significantly increased the sediment concentration from the upslope runoff. Runoff responses to temperature varied by melt stage, with GT showing higher sensitivity, especially under high-runoff conditions. High sediment yield was linked not to snow depth, but to late-stage snowmelt and soil thawing, when erosion sensitivity peaked. Hysteresis analysis revealed dominant clockwise loops during this phase, contrasting with figure-eight and counterclockwise patterns in other stages. These findings highlight the importance of targeting erosion control during late snowmelt when runoff intensifies and soils thaw. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition))
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23 pages, 23857 KB  
Article
Differential Changes in Water and Sediment Transport Under the Influence of Large-Scale Reservoirs Connected End to End in the Upper Yangtze River
by Suiji Wang
Hydrology 2025, 12(11), 292; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12110292 - 3 Nov 2025
Viewed by 613
Abstract
The analysis of changing trends of river runoff and sediment discharge and the exploration of their causes are of great significance for formulating sustainable development measures for river basin systems. Based on methods such as trend test, mutation detection, and regression analysis, this [...] Read more.
The analysis of changing trends of river runoff and sediment discharge and the exploration of their causes are of great significance for formulating sustainable development measures for river basin systems. Based on methods such as trend test, mutation detection, and regression analysis, this study conducts a systematic comparative research on the water–sediment processes in the river reach where large-scale cascaded reservoirs connected end to end are located in the upper Yangtze River, and obtains the following key research progress: For the study reach (between Sanduizi and Xiangjiaba Stations), during the period of 1966–2023, the change rates of annual incoming and outgoing runoff were 2.88 × 108 m3·yr−1 and −0.186 × 108 m3·yr−1, respectively, accounting for 0.017% and 0.013% of the annual average runoff. The changing trends were not significant. During the same period, the change rates of Suspended Sediment Load (SSL) at the inlet and outlet of this river reach were −8.0 × 105 t·yr−1 and −46 × 105 t·yr−1, respectively, accounting for 1.25% and 2.45% of their respective annual average sediment discharge. The SSL showed a significant decreasing trend, which was particularly characterized by a sharp reduction at the outlet. The massive sediment retention and multi-mode operation of cascaded reservoirs are the fundamental reasons for the variation in the water–sediment relationship and the sharp decrease in annual SSL in this reach, and they also lead to an obvious adjustment of water and sediment in the river basin that “cuts peaks and fills valleys” within a year. Climate change and other human activities have reduced the sediment input in the study reach. Looking forward to the next few decades, climate factors will remain the dominant factor affecting the inter-annual variation in runoff in the study area. In contrast, human activities such as reservoir operation will continue to fully control the sediment output of the river reach and also restrict the annual distribution of water and sediment. The results of this study can provide a reference for predicting the changing trends of water and sediment in similar river reaches with cascaded reservoir groups and formulating effective river management measures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition))
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23 pages, 5537 KB  
Article
Machine Learning Approaches for Simulating Temporal Changes in Bed Profiles Around Cylindrical Bridge Pier: A Comparative Analysis
by Ahad Molavi, Fariborz Ahmadzadeh Kaleybar, Namal Rathnayake, Upaka Rathnayake, Mehdi Fuladipanah and Hazi Mohammad Azamathulla
Hydrology 2025, 12(9), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12090238 - 15 Sep 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1571
Abstract
Submerged vanes offer a promising solution for reducing scour depth around hydraulic structures such as bridge piers by modifying near-bed flow patterns. However, temporal changes in bed profiles around a cylindrical pier remain insufficiently quantified. This study employs three machine learning models (MLMs), [...] Read more.
Submerged vanes offer a promising solution for reducing scour depth around hydraulic structures such as bridge piers by modifying near-bed flow patterns. However, temporal changes in bed profiles around a cylindrical pier remain insufficiently quantified. This study employs three machine learning models (MLMs), gene expression programming (GEP), support vector regression (SVR), and an artificial neural network (ANN), to simulate the temporal evolution of the bed profile around a cylindrical pier under constant subcritical flow. We use a published laboratory flume dataset (106 observations) obtained for a pier of diameter D=6cm and uniform sediment with median size D50=0.43mm. Geometric/layout parameters of the submerged vanes (number n, transverse offset z, longitudinal spacing e, and distance from the pier base a) were fixed at their reported optima, and subsequent tests varied installation angles α to minimize scour. Models were trained on 70% of the data and tested on 30% using dimensionless inputs (t/te,α1,α2,α3) with t the elapsed time from the start of the run and te the equilibrium time at which scour growth becomes negligible and response s/D with s the instantaneous scour depth at time t. The GEP model with a three-gene structure achieved the best accuracy. During training and testing, GEP attained (RMSE, MAE, R2, (Ds/D)DDR(max))=(0.0864,0.0681,0.9237,4.25) and (0.0729,0.0641,0.9143,4.94), respectively, where Ds denotes scour depth at equilibrium state, D is the pier diameter, and DDR(max)≡max(Ds/D) is the maximum dimensionless depth ratio observed/predicted. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition))
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19 pages, 13316 KB  
Article
Mapping of Closed Depressions in Karst Terrains: A GIS-Based Delineation of Endorheic Catchments in the Alburni Massif (Southern Apennine, Italy)
by Libera Esposito, Guido Leone, Michele Ginolfi, Saman Abbasi Chenari and Francesco Fiorillo
Hydrology 2025, 12(7), 186; https://doi.org/10.3390/hydrology12070186 - 10 Jul 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1437
Abstract
A deep interaction between groundwater and surface hydrology characterizes karst environments. These settings feature closed depressions, whose hydrological role varies depending on whether they have genetic and hydraulic relationships with overland–subsurface flow (epigenic) or deep groundwater circulation (hypogenic). Epigenic dolines and poljes are [...] Read more.
A deep interaction between groundwater and surface hydrology characterizes karst environments. These settings feature closed depressions, whose hydrological role varies depending on whether they have genetic and hydraulic relationships with overland–subsurface flow (epigenic) or deep groundwater circulation (hypogenic). Epigenic dolines and poljes are among the diagnostic landforms of karst terrains. In this study, we applied a hydrological criterion to map closed depressions—including dolines—across the Alburni karst massif, in southern Italy. A GIS-based, semi-automatic approach was employed, combining the sink-filling method (applied to a 5 m DEM) with the visual interpretation of various informative layers. This process produced a raster representing the location and depth of karst closed depressions. This raster was then used to automatically delineate endorheic areas using classic GIS tools. The resulting map reveals a thousand dolines and hundreds of adjacent endorheic areas. Endorheic areas form a complex mosaic across the massif, a feature that had been poorly emphasized in previous works. The main morphometric features of the dolines and endorheic areas were statistically analyzed and compared with the structural characteristics of the massif. The results of the proposed mapping approach provide valuable insights for groundwater management, karst area protection, recharge modeling, and tracer test planning. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Catchments Hydrology and Sediment Dynamics (Second Edition))
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