Active and Included: People with Disabilities in Sport, Physical Activity and Physical Education

A special issue of Healthcare (ISSN 2227-9032). This special issue belongs to the section "Public Health and Preventive Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2026 | Viewed by 4008

Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Physical Education, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
Interests: health-related physical fitness in adolescents; physical activity, disability; down syndrome; body composition

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Guest Editor Assistant
Department of Physiotherapy, Occupational Therapy, Rehabilitation and Physical Medicine, Rey Juan Carlos University, 28922 Madrid, Spain
Interests: inclusive physical education; health-related physical activity; disability and sport; intervention programs; physical fitness in children and adolescents with down syndrome

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue entitled “Active and Included: People with Disabilities in Sport, Physical Activity and Physical Education”, which aims to explore the health-related impact of inclusive physical activity interventions for disabled populations.

Disabled individuals face persistent barriers to participation in sport, physical activity, and physical education, which often result in reduced access to health-enhancing opportunities and increased vulnerability to chronic conditions. Despite growing awareness of the importance of inclusion, there remains a significant gap in the implementation of effective, evidence-based interventions that promote both participation and health outcomes among disabled populations.

This research area is of critical importance, as inclusive physical activity programs have the potential to improve physical fitness, enhance mental well-being, support the management of chronic diseases, and reduce health disparities. Moreover, sport and physical education settings offer unique opportunities to foster social engagement, autonomy, and quality of life for disabled individuals across the lifespan.

By focusing on the intersection of inclusion and health, this Special Issue seeks to advance scientific understanding of how adapted and inclusive interventions can contribute to public health goals, promote equity, and inform policy and practice in diverse contexts.

We are pleased to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, which aims to explore the health-related impact of inclusive sport, physical activity, and physical education interventions for disabled populations.

The primary aim of this Special Issue is to examine how adapted and inclusive physical activity programs contribute to physical and mental health, support the management of chronic conditions, reduce health disparities, and promote overall well-being among disabled individuals. While inclusion remains a central theme, the emphasis is placed on the measurable health outcomes derived from participation in sport and physical activity.

This topic is closely aligned with the scope of Healthcare, which focuses on health promotion, disease prevention, and the improvement of health systems and services. By highlighting interventions that foster both inclusion and health, this Special Issue contributes to the journal’s mission of advancing research that informs public health strategies and clinical practice. This Special Issue is designed to be focused yet interdisciplinary, drawing from fields such as physical education, rehabilitation, public health, and disability studies.

In this Special Issue, original research articles, intervention studies, program evaluations, case studies, systematic reviews, and reflective pieces are welcome. We encourage contributions from both academic researchers and practitioners, including disabled individuals who wish to share their lived experiences.

Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following topics:

  • Health outcomes of inclusive sport and physical activity programs;
  • Interventions promoting physical and mental well-being in disabled populations;
  • Strategies for chronic disease prevention and management through adapted physical activity;
  • Inclusive coaching practices and physical education methodologies;
  • Community-based health promotion initiatives;
  • Use of assistive technologies and adapted equipment to enhance health and participation;
  • Reduction of health disparities through inclusive physical activity;
  • Qualitative studies on the lived experiences of disabled participants;
  • Interdisciplinary approaches to inclusive health promotion.

We welcome original research articles and reviews addressing topics such as health outcomes of adapted physical activity programs, inclusive coaching practices, community-based health promotion initiatives, and the role of assistive technologies in improving well-being. Both qualitative and quantitative approaches, as well as interdisciplinary and international perspectives, are encouraged.

We look forward to receiving your contributions.

Dr. Ariel Villagra
Guest Editor

Dr. Borja Suarez-Villadat
Guest Editor Assistant

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-anonymized peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Healthcare is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • inclusive physical activity
  • disability and health
  • physical education
  • health promotion
  • chronic disease prevention
  • assistive technology
  • mental well-being
  • intervention programs
  • physical fitness
  • health equity

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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13 pages, 581 KB  
Article
Self-Perceived Quality of Life and Physical Activity Levels Through Accelerometry in Young People with Intellectual Disabilities
by María Menchén-Rubio, Diana Ruiz-Vicente, Ester Jiménez-Ormeño and Teresa García-Pastor
Healthcare 2026, 14(6), 733; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14060733 - 13 Mar 2026
Viewed by 482
Abstract
Background: The relationship of objectively measured levels of physical activity (PA) to quality of life (QoL) in young adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) needs to be further researched. This study compares PA levels and self-perceived QoL in young adults with ID compared [...] Read more.
Background: The relationship of objectively measured levels of physical activity (PA) to quality of life (QoL) in young adults with intellectual disabilities (IDs) needs to be further researched. This study compares PA levels and self-perceived QoL in young adults with ID compared to those with no intellectual disability and examines whether higher levels of PA are related to better self-perceived QoL in the domains of physical, psychological, social and environmental well-being. Methods: A hundred young adults participated (GID: n = 50; GNID: n = 50). Demographic data were collected through questionnaires, and PA levels were measured using ActiGraph GT3X-BT accelerometers over a 7-day period. QoL was assessed using the World Health Organization Quality of Life short questionnaire (WHOQOL-BREF). An independent samples t-test was used to examine differences between groups (GID and GNID), and correlations between PA variables and QoL variables were calculated intra-group. The statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Results: The GID scored significantly lower in social (p = 0.001, d = 0.67), environmental (p = 0.007, d = 0.56) and total QoL (p = 0.015, d = 0.51) domains, and showed lower light PA (p = 0.042, d = 0.45). No significant PA–QoL correlations were found in the GID, while vigorous PA correlated positively with physical QoL in the GNID (rho = 0.35; p = 0.028). Conclusions: Self-perceived QoL values, as well as PA levels, are lower in young people with ID, with significant differences observed in the social and environmental domains, and in light PA. No associations were found between PA and QoL variables in the group of young people with IDs. Vigorous PA was significantly associated with the physical domain of QoL in the GNID. Full article
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17 pages, 401 KB  
Article
Adapted Judo as a Multidimensional Intervention: Effects on Physical Fitness and Psychosocial Well-Being in Adolescents with Down Syndrome
by Borja Suarez-Villadat, Mario Montero, Sonia Montero, Adrián López-García and Ariel Villagra
Healthcare 2026, 14(1), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14010081 - 30 Dec 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1312
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Adolescents with Down syndrome often present limitations in physical fitness and psychosocial well-being, which can affect their health and social inclusion. Adapted physical activity programs, such as martial arts, may offer multidimensional benefits. This study aimed to analyze the effects of [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Adolescents with Down syndrome often present limitations in physical fitness and psychosocial well-being, which can affect their health and social inclusion. Adapted physical activity programs, such as martial arts, may offer multidimensional benefits. This study aimed to analyze the effects of an adapted judo intervention on physical fitness and psychosocial outcomes in adolescents with Down syndrome. Methods: A quasi-experimental design was applied with 43 adolescents diagnosed with Down syndrome, allocated to a control group (n = 19) and an intervention group (n = 24). Participants in the intervention group completed a 24-week adapted judo program. Physical fitness was assessed through standardized tests for strength, balance, and flexibility, while psychosocial well-being was evaluated using validated questionnaires on self-esteem and social interaction. Pre- and post-intervention comparisons were conducted using appropriate statistical analyses. Results: Participants showed significant improvements in physical fitness components, particularly in muscular strength and balance (p < 0.05). Flexibility also increased, although to a lesser extent. Psychosocial measures revealed enhanced self-esteem and greater perceived social interaction, indicating positive effects beyond physical health. Conclusions: Adapted judo appears to be an effective multidimensional intervention for adolescents with Down syndrome, promoting both physical and psychosocial benefits. These findings support the inclusion of adapted martial arts in physical education and therapeutic programs aimed at fostering health and social participation in this population. Full article
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14 pages, 454 KB  
Article
Relationship Between Quality of Life and Sports Performance Among Athletes with Disabilities: A Focus on Individual Sports
by Fatemeh Ahmadi, Mohammad Mehdi Khaleghi, Abdosaleh Zar, Josyula Tejaswi, Karuppasamy Govindasamy, Viorel Petru Ardelean, Vasile Emil Ursu and Vlad Adrian Geantă
Healthcare 2025, 13(22), 2919; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13222919 - 14 Nov 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1177
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Physical activity and sports participation are widely recognized as effective strategies for enhancing quality of life (QoL) in individuals with disabilities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between QoL and athletic performance among male and female athletes with physical disabilities [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Physical activity and sports participation are widely recognized as effective strategies for enhancing quality of life (QoL) in individuals with disabilities. This study aimed to examine the relationship between QoL and athletic performance among male and female athletes with physical disabilities who participate in individual sports. Methods: This descriptive–correlational study involved 338 Iranian athletes with physical disabilities competing at various levels of competition. QoL was measured using the SF-36 questionnaire, and sports performance was assessed based on official competition records. Data were analyzed using SPSS v21, applying descriptive statistics and Pearson correlations. Results: Both male and female athletes reported high levels of overall QoL. No statistically significant differences were found between genders in terms of physical health, psychological well-being, or total QoL scores (p > 0.05). Furthermore, there were no significant correlations between QoL and sports performance at the provincial, national, or international levels (p > 0.05). Conclusions: The findings indicate that athletes with physical disabilities report relatively high levels of QoL, irrespective of their competitive achievements or medal standings. Although no statistically significant correlations were observed, participation in individual sports may be linked to better physical functioning and psychological resilience. These associations should be interpreted with caution and do not imply causality. Nonetheless, encouraging such participation could be beneficial in supporting various dimensions of health and promoting social inclusion among individuals with disabilities. Full article
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Review

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19 pages, 2295 KB  
Review
Aerobic Training for Obesity Management in Individuals with Down Syndrome: A Bibliometric and Meta-Analyses
by Sieun Park and Seung Kyum Kim
Healthcare 2026, 14(8), 1052; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14081052 - 15 Apr 2026
Viewed by 360
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Down syndrome (DS), the most common chromosomal disorder, is associated with obesity and related metabolic complications. Although physical activity (PA) improves health outcomes in individuals with DS, global research trends in this field have not been systematically synthesized, and evidence regarding [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Down syndrome (DS), the most common chromosomal disorder, is associated with obesity and related metabolic complications. Although physical activity (PA) improves health outcomes in individuals with DS, global research trends in this field have not been systematically synthesized, and evidence regarding the effects of aerobic training (AT) on obesity-related parameters in individuals with DS remains inconsistent. This study incorporated a dual bibliometric and meta-analytical approach. Methods: First, the bibliometric analysis included 321 original research articles published between 2001 and 2024, retrieved from Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed. Second, a meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials (n = 477) was conducted to examine the effects of AT on obesity-related parameters, including body weight (BW), body mass index (BMI), fat mass (FM), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) in individuals with DS. Results: Keyword co-occurrence and collaboration network analyses revealed a notable increase in research output since 2018, with “adolescent,” “obesity,” and “intellectual disability” the most co-occurring keywords associated with DS and PA. “Obesity” emerged as the most prominently growing keyword associated with DS and PA. A meta-analysis concluded that AT reduced FM (standardized mean differences [SMD] = −0.44; p < 0.001) and WC (SMD = −0.39; p < 0.01), while subtle changes in BW, BMI, and WHR were found. These findings suggest that AT improves body composition, particularly reducing central adiposity, even without changes in traditional weight-based metrics. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate that AT can be an effective non-pharmacological strategy for improving body composition in individuals with DS and obesity and highlight the urgent need to shift clinical and research paradigms toward multidimensional, individualized health strategies that support PA and healthy body composition throughout the lifespan. Full article
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