Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2nd Edition

A special issue of Fractal and Fractional (ISSN 2504-3110). This special issue belongs to the section "Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2026 | Viewed by 472

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Laboratory of Mechanics and Acoustics, French National Centre for Scientific Research LMA, CNRS, UMR 7031, Centrale Marseille, Aix-Marseille University CEDEX 20, F-13402 Marseille, France
Interests: porous materials; micropolar and fractal materials; fractional calculus; ultrasonic and low frequency characterization; acoustic propagation; vibroacoustic; alloys; direct and inverse problem solving; optimization
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Guest Editor
1. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
2. Laboratory of Reservoir Microstructure Evolution and Digital Characterization, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
Interests: pore structure; pore heterogeneity; complexity; fractal characteristics
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Guest Editor
Energy College, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
Interests: shale gas/oil; pore structure; pore heterogeneity; fractal characteristics; reservoir characteristics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Fractals possess self-similar patterns repeated at different scales and spatially. Many applications have been found for fractals, not only because of their beauty, which has itself received attention, but also because their governing rules simplify complex features in nature. The length and volume of a fractal are related to its characteristic size. Researchers have used fractals to model transport properties of porous media. There has been a growing interest in using fractals for understanding the transport properties of tight formations. Researchers have employed fractals to capture the heterogeneity of stimulated volume, complex geometries of fractures, and change in apparent and relative permeabilities. Fractals have found applications in analyzing the topology of the pore space. Researchers have used fractals to model transport properties of porous media. There has been a growing interest in using fractals for understanding the transport properties of tight formations. The pore structure and their fractal characteristics can have a significant effect on the spatial distributions of the wetting and nonwetting phases, occurrence, enrichment, and flow migration of unconventional oil and gas, which play a significant role in the theoretical research and exploration and development deployment of unconventional oil and gas resources.

In this Special Issue, “Pore Structure and Fractal Characteristics in Unconventional Oil and Gas Reservoirs, 2nd Edition", we would like to solicit your innovative ideas and work regarding the investigation and application of fractal dimensions in geological and geophysical science in the form of original articles. In addition, your study could focus on any aspect of geological and geophysical science, such as geological and geophysical material properties, numerical analysis, experimental and theoretical verifications, etc. The purpose of this Special Issue is to promote the deeper and wider investigation and application of fractal theory in fields of geological and geophysical science. Please note that manuscripts are required to utilize fractal theory, and should include fractal analysis or fractal applications. The submitted manuscripts will be peer reviewed, and those accepted will be published in the open access journal Fractal and Fractional. The topics to be considered in this Special Issue include, but are not limited to, the following:

  • Earth science;
  • Microstructures of shale, tight sandstone and coal;
  • Geotechnical engineering;
  • Engineering geology;
  • Granular aggregate properties;
  • Modelling of cracking behavior;
  • The impact of fractal characteristics on reservoirs;
  • Fractal characteristics of fractures;
  • Experimental and theoretical study.

Dr. Zine El Abiddine Fellah
Dr. Jizhen Zhang
Dr. Quanzhong Guan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fractal and Fractional is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2700 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pore structure
  • pore heterogeneity
  • complexity
  • fractal characteristics
  • microstructures
  • fractal cracks

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20 pages, 11478 KiB  
Article
Pore Evolution and Fractal Characteristics of Marine Shale: A Case Study of the Silurian Longmaxi Formation Shale in the Sichuan Basin
by Hongzhan Zhuang, Yuqiang Jiang, Quanzhong Guan, Xingping Yin and Yifan Gu
Fractal Fract. 2025, 9(8), 492; https://doi.org/10.3390/fractalfract9080492 - 28 Jul 2025
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Abstract
The Silurian marine shale in the Sichuan Basin is currently the main reservoir for shale gas reserves and production in China. This study investigates the reservoir evolution of the Silurian marine shale based on fractal dimension, quantifying the complexity and heterogeneity of the [...] Read more.
The Silurian marine shale in the Sichuan Basin is currently the main reservoir for shale gas reserves and production in China. This study investigates the reservoir evolution of the Silurian marine shale based on fractal dimension, quantifying the complexity and heterogeneity of the shale’s pore structure. Physical simulation experiments were conducted on field-collected shale samples, revealing the evolution of total organic carbon, mineral composition, porosity, and micro-fractures. The fractal dimension of shale pore was characterized using the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill and capillary bundle models. The relationships among shale components, porosity, and fractal dimensions were investigated through a correlation analysis and a principal component analysis. A comprehensive evolution model for porosity and micro-fractures was established. The evolution of mineral composition indicates a gradual increase in quartz content, accompanied by a decline in clay, feldspar, and carbonate minerals. The thermal evolution of organic matter is characterized by the formation of organic pores and shrinkage fractures on the surface of kerogen. Retained hydrocarbons undergo cracking in the late stages of thermal evolution, resulting in the formation of numerous nanometer-scale organic pores. The evolution of inorganic minerals is represented by compaction, dissolution, and the transformation of clay minerals. Throughout the simulation, porosity evolution exhibited distinct stages of rapid decline, notable increase, and relative stabilization. Both pore volume and specific surface area exhibit a trend of decreasing initially and then increasing during thermal evolution. However, pore volume slowly decreases after reaching its peak in the late overmature stage. Fractal dimensions derived from the Frenkel–Halsey–Hill model indicate that the surface roughness of pores (D1) in organic-rich shale is generally lower than the complexity of their internal structures (D2) across different maturity levels. Additionally, the average fractal dimension calculated based on the capillary bundle model is higher, suggesting that larger pores exhibit more complex structures. The correlation matrix indicates a co-evolution relationship between shale components and pore structure. Principal component analysis results show a close relationship between the porosity of inorganic pores, microfractures, and fractal dimension D2. The porosity of organic pores, the pore volume and specific surface area of the main pore size are closely related to fractal dimension D1. D1 serves as an indicator of pore development extent and characterizes the changes in components that are “consumed” or “generated” during the evolution process. Based on mineral composition, fractal dimensions, and pore structure evolution, a comprehensive model describing the evolution of pores and fractal dimensions in organic-rich shale was established. Full article
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