Microalgae for the Food Industry: From Biochemical Composition to the Development of Functional Foods

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Nutraceuticals, Functional Foods, and Novel Foods".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 October 2025 | Viewed by 664

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: microalgae for food function

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Guest Editor
Department of Pharmaceutical & Biological Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China
Interests: microalgae; photosynthesis; polysaccharide; metabolic regulation; bioprocess engineering; microalgae for food development
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Guest Editor Assistant
College of Food Science and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
Interests: omics; chronic disease; immunology; food
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Microalgae—single-cell photosynthetic organisms rich in high-value bioactive compounds—hold significant promise for food applications. Species such as Spirulina (Arthrospira platensis), Chlorella, and other species contain 30–70% high-quality protein (including essential amino acids), omega-3 fatty acids (EPA/DHA), carotenoids (β-carotene, astaxanthin), and vitamins (B12, folate). Their unique polysaccharides exhibit immunomodulatory properties, while pigments like phycocyanin demonstrate antioxidant activity.

Functional food development leverages microalgae through three primary approaches: (1) direct use as nutrient fortifiers (e.g., spirulina powder in protein bars and meal replacements); (2) extraction of bioactive ingredients (e.g., astaxanthin from H. pluvialis for antioxidant supplements); and (3) novel alternative protein products, such as microalgae-based plant meat or dairy analogs. Commercial examples include DHA-fortified infant formula and algae-derived plant-based eggs.

Technical challenges revolve around cost-effective large-scale cultivation (optimizing photobioreactors), enhancing cell wall disruption efficiency, and improving flavor profiles (via fermentation or decolorization to reduce "algal" odors). Future priorities include advancing genetic engineering techniques to develop high-yield strains and establishing food-grade safety standards. As demand for sustainable foods grows, microalgae are poised to expand roles in precision nutrition and cell-cultured meat media.

Dr. Pengfei Cheng
Dr. Changhong Yao
Prof. Dr. Shuhao Huo
Guest Editors

Dr. Kang Chen
Guest Editor Assistant

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Keywords

  • microalgae
  • biochemical composition
  • functional foods
  • omics
  • chronic disease

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

28 pages, 4946 KiB  
Article
Acetate Combined with CO2 as Effective Carbon Sources for the Production of Resistant Starch in a Marine Microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis
by Haoyu Zhang, Yuhan Shen, Yufei Liu, Xiuyuan Ran, Yongkui Zhang, Jing Chen and Changhong Yao
Foods 2025, 14(11), 2004; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods14112004 - 5 Jun 2025
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Abstract
Microalgae are considered as sustainable starch producers, yet the carbon sources for this process in terms of starch productivity and functionality require further elucidation. The present study investigated the roles of CO2 and acetate on the starch production in a marine microalga [...] Read more.
Microalgae are considered as sustainable starch producers, yet the carbon sources for this process in terms of starch productivity and functionality require further elucidation. The present study investigated the roles of CO2 and acetate on the starch production in a marine microalga Tetraselmis subcordiformis, and the ordered structure and digestibility of the starches obtained were characterized. CO2 and acetate could serve as efficient carbon sources for T. subcordiformis to accumulate starch, with the maximum starch content, yield, and productivity reaching 66.0%, 2.16 g/L, and 0.71 g/L/day on day 3 and the maximum biomass productivity reaching 0.94 g/L/day on day 2, respectively, when 2.5 g/L sodium acetate and 2% CO2 were simultaneously applied. The addition of acetate under 2% CO2 improved the photosynthetic efficiency and enhanced the activity of ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, facilitating the biomass and starch production. The supply of CO2 and acetate changed the amylose/amylopectin ratio by affecting the activity of starch branching enzymes and isoamylases. FTIR and XRD analyzes showed that the supply of CO2 reduced the long- and short-range ordered structure of starch, while acetate promoted the production of additional B- and V-type starch, resulting in a reduced digestibility. The combined supply of 2% CO2 and 5 g/L sodium acetate enabled the most efficient production of functional resistant starch (RS) measured with Englyst’s method, with a maximum RS content and yield reaching 13.7%DW and 0.40 g/L, respectively, on day 3. This study provided novel insights into the efficient production of high value-added functional starch (RS) from microalgae. Full article
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