Bioactive Food Components/Functional Foods: From Gut Microbiota Regulation to Human Health Enhancement

A special issue of Foods (ISSN 2304-8158). This special issue belongs to the section "Food Nutrition".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2026 | Viewed by 1230

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Food Science and Engineering, Jinan University, No. 601, West Huangpu Avenue, Guangzhou 510632, China
Interests: functional foods; dietary fiber; bioactive compounds; prebiotics and probiotics; postbiotics; gut microbiota; in vitro digestion; development of new functional food products; edible fungi
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, the convergence of nutritional science, microbiome research, and metabolic studies has significantly expanded our understanding of food functionality beyond conventional nutrient supply. A growing body of evidence highlights that bioactive food components and functional foods interact dynamically with the gut microbiota, playing a crucial role in regulating host metabolism, immune homeostasis, neural signaling, and overall systemic health. These interactions offer promising dietary strategies for the prevention and management of various chronic diseases.

Despite considerable advances in characterizing how specific dietary components—such as polyphenols, dietary fibers, prebiotics, and functional lipids—modulate the gut ecosystem, key questions remain. The precise molecular mechanisms, inter-individual variability in response, and the causal pathways linking microbial shifts to tangible health outcomes require further elucidation. Moreover, translating scientific insights into safe, effective, and widely applicable functional foods, alongside establishing robust evaluation frameworks, remains a shared challenge for both academia and the food industry.

This Special Issue aims to collate cutting-edge research and comprehensive reviews in this interdisciplinary field. We welcome contributions focusing on, but not limited to, the following themes:

  1. Molecular mechanisms of interactions between bioactive dietary components and gut microbiota.
  2. Microbiome-based personalized nutritional interventions.
  3. The potential of functional foods in managing metabolic disorders, immune dysregulation, neurodegenerative conditions, and other chronic diseases.
  4. Development, efficacy assessment, and safety evaluation of novel functional food products.
  5. Integrative multi-omics and AI-driven approaches to decipher the “diet–microbiota–host” axis.

Through this collection, we seek to foster the translation of mechanistic discoveries into precision nutrition and health innovations, ultimately contributing to scientifically grounded strategies for human health enhancement.

Prof. Dr. Xichun Peng
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • bioactive food components
  • functional foods
  • gut microbiota
  • microbiome regulation
  • host health
  • personalized nutrition
  • metabolic health
  • immune modulation
  • diet–microbiota interactions
  • probiotics/prebiotics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 3855 KB  
Article
Anti-Aging Effects of Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. Leaves Extracts via Activation of the Nrf2 Antioxidant Pathway
by Caiyun Zhang, Qing Hu, Fenfa Li, Jianming Luo, Liu Liu and Xichun Peng
Foods 2026, 15(8), 1393; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15081393 - 16 Apr 2026
Viewed by 552
Abstract
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves (VBTL), a traditional medicinal plant historically consumed as food in certain regions of China, have been documented to possess potent in vitro antioxidant activity. However, its in vivo anti-aging effects and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, [...] Read more.
Vaccinium bracteatum Thunb. leaves (VBTL), a traditional medicinal plant historically consumed as food in certain regions of China, have been documented to possess potent in vitro antioxidant activity. However, its in vivo anti-aging effects and underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate its anti-aging efficacy to support its potential value as a functional food constituent for healthy aging. Anti-aging efficacy was systematically assessed using D-galactose-induced aging mice, a Caenorhabditis elegans model, and an H2O2-induced cellular senescence model. Key active constituents were identified via untargeted metabolomics. In D-galactose-induced aging mice, VBTL extracts effectively ameliorated oxidative stress, significantly increasing the activities of endogenous antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), while reducing malondialdehyde (MDA) levels. In Caenorhabditis elegans, VBTL extended lifespan, reduced lipofuscin accumulation, and demonstrated no reproductive toxicity. Untargeted metabolomics identified xanthotoxol as a key active constituent, which was then selected for mechanistic investigation. In a cellular senescence model, xanthotoxol alleviated H2O2-induced oxidative stress, significantly enhanced SOD activity, reduced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and MDA levels, inhibited senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal) activity and the expression of senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) factors (IL-6, MMP1, MMP3), and downregulated the expression of genes in the P53/P21/P16 signaling pathway. Mechanistically, xanthotoxol activated the Nrf2 signaling pathway, promoting the expression of its downstream targets heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1). This study demonstrates that VBTL and its active compound xanthotoxol exert anti-aging effects across multiple models by modulating the Nrf2 pathway, providing both theoretical and experimental foundations for developing VBTL as a novel, safe, and effective natural ingredient in anti-aging functional foods. Full article
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18 pages, 6807 KB  
Article
Effects of Cricket Powder Supplementation on Gut Microbiota in High-Fat Diet-Fed Mice
by Yanjun Guo, Rui-Qi Shi, Ananya Dechakhamphu, Min Zhao, Ju-Sheng Zheng and Sirithon Siriamornpun
Foods 2026, 15(8), 1328; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods15081328 - 10 Apr 2026
Viewed by 403
Abstract
The gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology and is highly influenced by dietary factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cricket powder (CP) supplementation on gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed [...] Read more.
The gut microbiota plays an important role in host physiology and is highly influenced by dietary factors. This study aimed to investigate the effects of cricket powder (CP) supplementation on gut microbiota composition in high-fat diet-fed C57BL/6J mice. Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal diet or a high-fat diet. Mice fed the high-fat diet were administered low, medium, or high doses of CP by gavage. Serum lipid levels and liver-related biochemical indicators were measured, and gut microbiota composition was analyzed using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that CP supplementation significantly (p < 0.05) altered gut microbiota diversity and community structure, with differences observed among CP doses. Alpha diversity indices were significantly reduced after the intervention (p < 0.05). Beta diversity analysis showed no significant separation among groups before the intervention, whereas a clear separation in gut microbiota structure was observed after the intervention. Correlation analysis further revealed that beneficial bacterial genera, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, and Akkermansia, were negatively associated with lipid-related parameters. Overall, these findings suggest that CP supplementation can modulate gut microbiota composition under high-fat dietary conditions, indicating its potential role in metabolic regulation. Full article
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