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Special Issue "Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology"

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A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Genetics and Biotechnology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 May 2023 | Viewed by 4863

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Special Issue Editors

Dr. Chunsheng Liu

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Guest Editor

College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: aquaculture technology and environmental adaptation of tropical mollusks

Dr. Yi Yang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

College of Marine Science, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
Interests: Taxonomy, phylogeny and phylogeography of marine mollusks; Shellfish genetics and breed

Dr. Biao Wu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao 266071, China
Interests: genetic breeding of marine mollusks

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Mollusks are the second most diverse group in the animal kingdom and include many economic aquatic species. To better develop and utilize such consumed mollusks, it is important to focus on their germ plasm resources, which involves the exploration of genetic diversity. The conservation of genetic diversity is an essential prerequisite for developing new breeds with desirable traits. Meanwhile, mollusks have a high yield in the aquatic industry, providing low-fat and protein-rich seafood for humans. The culture of economic mollusks, including bivalves, gastropods and cephalopods, is a globally important industry. In general, mollusk farming techniques include elevated culture on racks, trestles and other structures.

I am pleased to invite you to contribute to the Special Issue “Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology”, which will be published in the journal Fishes. We welcome the submission of original research articles, reviews, mini-reviews, and perspective articles on topics including (but not limited to) the following:

Population genetics analysis of mollusks derived from mitochondrial DNA and nuclear markers;
Evaluation of the genetic resources of mollusks;
Farming techniques and farming patterns of mollusks;
Physiological and biochemical responses of mollusks to environmental stress.

Dr. Chunsheng Liu
Dr. Yi Yang
Dr. Biao Wu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Fishes is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1800 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

genetic diversity
phylogeny
breeding technology
environmental adaptation

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

Open AccessArticle

Identification and Characterization of GYS and GSK3β Provides Insights into the Regulation of Glycogen Synthesis in Jinjiang Oyster Crassostrea ariakensis

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Fishes 2023, 8(2), 65; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8020065 - 21 Jan 2023

Viewed by 466

Abstract

Glycogen, a stored form of glucose, is an important form of energy for aquatic shellfish, contributing to the flavor and quality of the oyster. The glycogen synthase (GYS) and glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) are two major enzymes in the glycogenesis. However, the information of the two genes in the Jinjiang oyster Crassostrea ariakensis remains limited. In this study, we identified the genes of GYS and GSK3β and further explored their function in the glycogen synthesis of C. ariakensis. The GYS and GSK3β were distributed in all tested tissues, and high expression of GYS and glycogen content were detected in the gonad, labial palp, hepatopancreas, and mantle, while the high expression of GSK3β was observed in the gill and adductor muscle. The expression of GYS was positively correlated with the glycogen content, while GSK3β was negatively correlated. Additionally, knockdown of GSK3β using RNAi decreased the GYS expression, revealing the negative regulatory effect of GSK3β on GYS. These findings enrich the research data of GSK3β and GYS involved in glycogen synthesis, providing valuable information for further research on the function of GSK3β and GYS in the glycogen synthesis process of oyster. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Evaluating the Utility of Five Gene Fragments for Genetic Diversity Analyses of Mytella strigata Populations

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Fishes 2023, 8(1), 34; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes8010034 - 03 Jan 2023

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 542

Abstract

Mytella strigata (Hanley, 1843) is an invasive mussel species that has rapidly spread in China in recent years. Here, we tested the utility of three mitochondrial gene fragments, COI, 12S, and 16S, and two nuclear gene fragments, D1 28S and 18S-ITS1, for characterizing the levels of genetic diversity among and within populations using 191 M. strigata specimens collected in China to aid ongoing efforts to identify the origin of the invasion as well as molecular genetic studies. M. strigata exhibited two sex-associated haplogroups according to the COI and 12S sequences. The ratio of female-lineage to male-lineage COI and 12S sequences was 149:22 and 72:7, and the genetic distances between haplogroups were 6.56 and 9.17, respectively. Only one haplotype was detected among the 18S-ITS1 sequences (413 bp), and three haplotypes were detected among the D1 28S sequences (296 bp). The haplotype diversity of both the female-lineage COI and 12S sequences was greater than 0.5, and the nucleotide diversity of the 12S, 16S, D1 28S, and 18S-ITS1 sequences was less than 0.005 in all six populations in China. Our findings indicated that COI is the most useful gene fragment for genetic diversity studies of M. strigata populations; D1 28S and 18S-ITS1 sequences would be useful for species identification because of their low intraspecific diversity. Our genetic analysis of the COI sequences revealed Colombia as the most likely origin of M. strigata in China and showed that the invasive populations in China have recently experienced or are currently experiencing a population bottleneck. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

First Report on Genome Analysis and Pathogenicity of Vibrio tubiashii FP17 from Farmed Ivory Shell (Babylonia areolata)

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Fishes 2022, 7(6), 396; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060396 - 17 Dec 2022

Viewed by 737

Abstract

Ivory shell (Babylonia areolata) is a commercially important aquaculture species mainly found on the southeast coast of China. However, it has been greatly affected by vibriosis in recent years. In this study, FP17 (a potential pathogen) was isolated from a dying ivory shell with “acute death syndrome” and confirmed as a pathogen via infectious experiment. Furthermore, phylogenetic analysis based on the average nucleotide identity (ANI) sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene and housekeeping genes (ftsz, gapA, gyrB, mreB, pyrH, rpoA, and topA) indicated that FP17 was identical to Vibrio tubiashii. Transmission electron microscopy showed that FP17 is curved and has a short rod shape, with a single flagellum. Besides, the calculated LD₅₀ after the intramuscular injection of FP17 was 2.11 × 10⁶ CFU/g at 14 d. The genome of the FP17 strain consists of two chromosomes and one plasmid with 5,261,336 bp and 45.08% GC content, including 4824 open reading frames (ORFs) and 150 non-coding RNAs (ncRNA). Genome mining revealed that 120 candidate gene clusters, including vibrioferrin and flagellum-related proteins, are responsible for virulence. Comparative genomic analysis showed that vibrioferrin genes, such as pvs and type Ⅵ secretion system protein genes (vas), are specific in V. tubiashii FP17 but not in the ATCC19109 strain. Furthermore, 92 antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, such as tufA, tet(35), crp, etc., were mapped within the genome as the potential candidate for virulence, consistent with antibiotic susceptibility assay. This is the first study to describe the complete genome sequence of V. tubiashii infecting ivory shell. The genetic characteristics, virulence factors, and antimicrobial resistance of the V. tubiashii strain FP17 were also explored. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Seasonal Variation of Biochemical Composition and Non-Volatile Taste Active Compounds in Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata martensii from Two Selective Strains

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Fishes 2022, 7(6), 348; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060348 - 25 Nov 2022

Viewed by 465

Abstract

Recently, a new pearl oyster Pinctada fucata martensii strain has begun to be cultured as seafood. In the present study, the seasonal variation (February and June) in biochemical composition and flavor compounds in two P. f. martensii strains (strain for pearl production was abbreviated to PP, and seafood was abbreviated to PE) were detected to compare the nutritional and flavor differences between them, and to provide a reference for the seasonal preference of consumers for eating P. f. martensii. The ratio of soft tissues in PE-Feb was significantly higher than that in PP-Feb (p < 0.05). The contents of ash, crude protein, and crude lipid were higher in PP than those in PE in the same season, while significantly higher contents of glycogen in the PE strain were observed compared to the PP strain in the same season (p < 0.05). The major amino acids (such as Glu and Asp) and PUFA (such as DHA and EPA) were almost the same in two P. f. martensii strains in the same season, while the contents of these nutrients were significantly higher in February compared to June (p < 0.05). Taurine content in PE-Feb was the highest (19.58 mg/g wet weight), followed by PP-Jun, PP-Feb, and PE-Jun. The umami and sweet FAA contents of the same P. f. martensii strain in February were significantly higher than those in June (p < 0.05). The AMP content in PP-Jun was the highest (64.17 mg/100 g wet weight), followed by PP-Feb, PE-Jun, and PE-Feb. Succinic acid was the major organic acid, and its content in February was significantly higher than in June (p < 0.05). The betaine content in PP-Feb was the highest (23.02 mg/g of wet weight), followed by PE-Feb (20.43 mg/g of wet weight), PP-Jun (16.28 mg/g of wet weight), and PE-Jun (12.33 mg/g of wet weight), and significant differences were observed among these four groups (p < 0.05). In conclusion, the edible P. f. martensii strain harvest in February is rich in protein, glycogen, PUFA (DHA and EPA), taurine, succinic acid, and betaine, which could provide healthy nutrition and a good flavor for humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

Open AccessArticle

Host Fish Suitability for Freshwater Bivalve Anodonta woodiana Breeding Programs

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Fishes 2022, 7(6), 329; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060329 - 10 Nov 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 466

Abstract

The freshwater bivalve Anodonta woodiana is native to China and widely distributed in Asia, Europe, and North America. However, natural populations of A. woodiana in China have dramatically declined recently. Several fish species have been used as potential hosts in breeding programs; nonetheless, the optimal host species is yet to be identified. In this study, we examined the suitability of five potential host fish species (bighead carp, common carp, crucian carp, yellow catfish, and tilapia) for A. woodiana under laboratory conditions. No significant difference was found in the number of glochidia attached to the five fish species; however, tilapia hosted more transformed juveniles than bighead carp, common carp, or yellow catfish (p < 0.05), with bighead carp hosting the least (p < 0.05). Yellow catfish had the highest host capacity index (the number of successfully transformed juveniles/the weight of the host fish × the survival rate of the host fish), 133 times higher than bighead carp and 1.3–2.9 times higher than the other species. The shell length and height of freshly transformed juveniles from yellow catfish were significantly larger than those of other host fish (p < 0.05). The juvenile index (shell length × shell height) of yellow catfish was significantly higher than that of other fish species (p < 0.05). In conclusion, yellow catfish appears to be the most suitable host fish out of the five species tested here. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

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Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

The Complete Mitochondrial Genome of Hyotissa hyotis (Bivalvia: Gryphaeidae) Reveals a Unique Gene Order within Ostreoidea

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Fishes 2022, 7(6), 317; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7060317 - 31 Oct 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 590

Abstract

The mitochondrial (mt) genome is an important tool when studying the evolution of metazoan animals. The oyster family Gryphaeidae, together with Ostreidae, is one of the two extant taxa of superfamily Ostreoidea. Up until now, the available mitochondrial genomes of oysters were all limited to family Ostreidae. In the present study, the first complete mtDNA of family Gryphaeidae represented by Hyotissa hyotis was sequenced and compared with other available ostreoid mtDNA. The mtDNA of H. hyotis is 22,185 bp in length, encoding 13 protein-coding-genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) and 23 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes. Within all the intergenic regions that range from 2 to 1528 bp, two large non-coding regions were identified. The first large non-coding region, located between Cox1 and trnA, contains 1528 nucleotides, while the second one is 1191 bp in length and positioned between Cytb and Nad2. The nucleotide composition of the whole mtDNA is A + T biased, accounting for 59.2%, with a negative AT skew value of −0.20 and a positive GC skew value of 0.33. In contrast to the mtDNA of Ostreidae, neither the split of rrnL nor rrnS was detected in that of H. hyotis. The duplication of trnW of H. hyotis was also discovered for the first time within Ostreoidea. The gene order of H. hyotis is quite different from those of ostreids, indicating extensive rearrangements within superfamily Ostreoidea. The reconstructed phylogeny supported H. hyotis as sister to Ostreidae, with the latter clade formed by Ostrea + (Saccostrea + Crassostrea). This study could provide important information for further understanding the mitochondrial evolution of oysters. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

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Open AccessArticle

Combined Effects of Temperature and Salinity on Antioxidants in the Immune System of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucata

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Fishes 2022, 7(5), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes7050260 - 27 Sep 2022

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 754

Abstract

A water environment can impact many physiological processes of aquatic animals. The antioxidant response of immune system of the pearl oyster to temperature and salinity is of great significance to health. This study analyzed the physiological changes and immune responses under different temperature and salinity levels (temperature: 20, 25, and 30 °C; salinity: 23, 28, and 33‰) in the short term (7 d) in the hepatopancreas and other tissues of 405 pearl oysters. The combined effects of temperature and salinity on antioxidants in the immune system of the pearl oyster were evaluated via response surface methodology and Box–Benhnken design (BBD) under laboratory conditions. The secondary effects of salinity on the activities of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significant, and CAT and SOD showed an inverted U-shaped trend with the increase in salinity. Temperature significantly impacted GSH-PX, CAT, glutathione (GSH), and SOD in primary and secondary effects, and the maximum values of CAT, GSH, and SOD were observed. The phenoloxidase (POX) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activities increased with the increasing temperatures. The interaction of temperature and salinity was significant on CAT and SOD, but was not significant on GSH-PX. The interaction between salinity and temperature on AKP was significant, which was contrary to the results of AKP in the hemolymph. The expression levels of antioxidant genes varied between tissues, and the expression levels of different genes in the same tissue were different. Appropriate immunity and antioxidant index models were established under the combined temperature and salinity conditions. The optimal combination of temperature and salinity was 24.95 °C and 28.11‰, respectively, and the desirability was 0.803. This study provides theoretical reference points for the pearl oyster to respond to temperature and salinity changes and can be used to establish an index model for shellfish aquaculture. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Mollusk Genetic Diversity and Breeding Technology)

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