Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Field and Laboratory Approaches

A special issue of Fishes (ISSN 2410-3888). This special issue belongs to the section "Physiology and Biochemistry".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2026) | Viewed by 7497

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande 96203-900, Brazil
Interests: ecotoxicology; fish physiology; experimental models; thermal biology

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The rapid development of the modern era has resulted in remarkable advances, such as healthcare improvements, the industrial revolution, and technological breakthroughs. However, an unprecedented increase in environmental pollution has been an insidious facet of this process. Pollution is now considered to be one of the most important threats to human health, and there is a consensus that it must be studied, tracked, and avoided. Ecotoxicology has emerged from this context as one of the most important scientific fields of this century.

The aim of this Special Issue, ‘Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Field and Laboratory Approaches’, is to further delve into the diverse possibilities of research within the important area of aquatic ecotoxicology without constraints regarding animal species, but limited to aquatic organisms. The main research fields we are looking for should be related to the following topics:

  • Experimental studies aiming to elucidate the following: the mechanism of action of pollutants or its chronic effects; the toxicity of emergent contaminants not yet fully assessed; the development of bioindicator species and biomarkers; the interaction of changes in environmental parameters (such as pH and temperature) and pollutant toxicity; and the negative impacts of thermal pollution.
  • Field studies related to the following: monitoring studies applying a biomarker approach or describing patterns of tissue contaminant accumulation in feral species; studies using an active biomonitoring approach to describe impacted areas; and studies using environmental water samples in standard toxicity assays.

Dr. Yuri Dornelles Zebral
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • ecotoxicology
  • monitoring programs
  • experimental studies
  • biomarkers
  • metals
  • organic pollution
  • pesticides
  • legacy contaminants
  • emergent contaminants
  • climate crisis

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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16 pages, 44668 KB  
Article
Lead Exposure Triggers Ferroptotic Hepatocellular Death in Zebrafish: Molecular and Ultrastructural Evidence
by Ilaria Olivito, Abdalmoiz Ismail Mohammedain Ahmed, Federica Talarico, Marcello Mezzasalma and Elvira Brunelli
Fishes 2026, 11(2), 81; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes11020081 - 29 Jan 2026
Viewed by 793
Abstract
Lead (Pb) has progressively become ubiquitous due to widespread use. The liver represents a target of Pb toxicity due to its central role in metabolism and detoxification. The mechanisms of Pb hepatotoxicity have not yet been fully elucidated, although oxidative stress and iron [...] Read more.
Lead (Pb) has progressively become ubiquitous due to widespread use. The liver represents a target of Pb toxicity due to its central role in metabolism and detoxification. The mechanisms of Pb hepatotoxicity have not yet been fully elucidated, although oxidative stress and iron dysregulation suggest the involvement of the ferroptosis pathway. It has been hypothesized that exposure to environmental Pb concentrations induces the activation of ferroptosis as a mechanism involved in Pb hepatotoxicity, an iron-mediated regulated cell death. To test this hypothesis, we exposed adult zebrafish to environmentally relevant Pb concentrations (2.5 and 5 μg/L), combining ultrastructural analysis (TEM) with the study of key markers of ferroptosis (GPX4, SLC7A11, NRF2, KEAP1 and ACSL4). The results demonstrated that Pb exposure induced dose-dependent and progressive mitochondrial damage in hepatocytes, characterized by loss of cristae and membrane rupture. At the same time, consistent with a ferroptotic molecular profile, increased expression of ACSL4, reduced levels of the protective factors NRF2, KEAP1 and SLC7A11, and altered expression of GPX4 were observed. Overall, our data collectively identify ferroptosis as a pathogenic pathway in Pb-induced hepatotoxicity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Field and Laboratory Approaches)
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Review

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11 pages, 889 KB  
Review
Residues of 6PPD-Q in the Aquatic Environment and Toxicity to Aquatic Organisms: A Review
by Chaoju Li, Yuanqiang Yang, Zikun Tian, Zhiqiu Huang, Yi Huang and Yuhang Hong
Fishes 2025, 10(4), 146; https://doi.org/10.3390/fishes10040146 - 25 Mar 2025
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 6153
Abstract
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-benzoquinone (6PPD-Q) is an emerging environmental contaminant that is widely distributed in aquatic environments and presents significant toxicological risks to aquatic organisms. As 6PPD-Q is primarily derived from oxidative transformation of the tire antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), its persistence and potential for bioaccumulation in [...] Read more.
N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-benzoquinone (6PPD-Q) is an emerging environmental contaminant that is widely distributed in aquatic environments and presents significant toxicological risks to aquatic organisms. As 6PPD-Q is primarily derived from oxidative transformation of the tire antioxidant N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N’-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine (6PPD), its persistence and potential for bioaccumulation in aquatic organisms have raised widespread concerns. This study reviews the environmental sources, spatial distribution, migration, and transformation behaviors of 6PPD-Q, as well as its degradation mechanisms in different environmental media. Additionally, this review systematically explores the toxicological effects of 6PPD-Q on aquatic organisms, including its physiological, biochemical, and molecular impacts on fish, crustaceans, mollusks, and algae, with a focus on potential toxicological mechanisms. Finally, we discuss the limitations of current research on 6PPD-Q and propose key directions for future studies, including long-term ecological risk assessments, mechanisms of bioaccumulation, metabolic pathway analysis, and optimization of pollution control strategies, aiming to provide a scientific basis for the ecological risk assessment and pollution management of 6PPD-Q. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Aquatic Ecotoxicology: Field and Laboratory Approaches)
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