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Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis of Hydraulic Turbine
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Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis of Hydraulic Turbine

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "F1: Electrical Power System".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 October 2025 | Viewed by 1143

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Xiuli Mao

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Guest Editor
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Interests: hydraulic machinery and its systems; pumped storage plant
Dr. Yuchuan Wang

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Guest Editor
College of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
Interests: hydropower station and pump station engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate the latest advances in the theory, design, simulation, experimentation, operation, adjustment, and innovation of hydraulic turbines. The following explorations are warmly welcomed: novel turbine designs that address emerging engineering challenges; the enhancement of hydraulic performance, structural functionality, and operational stability; advanced design and optimization methods; turbine regulation; condition monitoring and fault diagnosis; and the development and application of variable-speed turbines and reversible turbines. Other recent research directions related to hydraulic turbines are also welcomed, such as the combination of machine learning and computational fluid dynamics, the spatiotemporal evolution of cavitation and sediment erosion, the intelligent control and automation of turbine regulation, novel materials and manufacturing processes, and development of eco-friendly turbines etc. All submitted research should aim to enrich the relevant theories, contribute to achieving efficient and stable hydropower generation, and promote the development of clean energy and economic growth, while also improving ecological sustainability.

Dr. Xiuli Mao
Dr. Yuchuan Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • design and optimization
  • improvement of operational performance
  • advanced technologies and applications
  • regulation and adjustment
  • condition monitoring and fault diagnosis
  • auxiliary systems for turbine operation
  • variable-speed turbines
  • reversible turbines
  • eco-friendly turbines

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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15 pages, 2316 KiB  
Article
Failure Modes and Effect Analysis of Turbine Units of Pumped Hydro-Energy Storage Systems
by Georgi Todorov, Ivan Kralov, Konstantin Kamberov, Yavor Sofronov, Blagovest Zlatev and Evtim Zahariev
Energies 2025, 18(8), 1885; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18081885 - 8 Apr 2025
Viewed by 308
Abstract
In the present paper, the subject of investigation is the reliability assessment of the single-stage reversible Hydropower Unit No. 3 (HU3) in the Bulgarian Pumped Hydro-Electric Storage (PHES) plant “Chaira”, which processes the waters of the “Belmeken” dam and “Chaira” dam. Preceding the [...] Read more.
In the present paper, the subject of investigation is the reliability assessment of the single-stage reversible Hydropower Unit No. 3 (HU3) in the Bulgarian Pumped Hydro-Electric Storage (PHES) plant “Chaira”, which processes the waters of the “Belmeken” dam and “Chaira” dam. Preceding the destruction of HU4 and its virtual simulation, an analysis and its conclusions for rehabilitation and safety provided the information required for the reliability assessment of HU3. Detailed analysis of the consequences of the prolonged use of HU3 was carried out. The Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system records were studied. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) was applied to determine the component relationships and subsystem failures that can lead to an undesired primary event. A Failure Modes and Effect Analysis methodology was proposed for the large-scale hydraulic units and PHES. Based on the data of the virtual simulation and the investigations of the HU4 and its damages, as well as on the failures in the stay vanes of HU3, it is recommended to organize the monitoring of crucial elements of the structure and of water ingress into the drainage holes, which will allow for detecting failures in a timely manner. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis of Hydraulic Turbine)
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28 pages, 7342 KiB  
Article
Development of WHED Method to Study Operational Stability of Typical Transitions in a Hydropower Plant and a Pumped Storage Plant
by Xiuli Mao, Guoqing Wen, Yuchuan Wang, Jiaren Hu, Xuetao Gan and Pengju Zhong
Energies 2025, 18(6), 1549; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18061549 - 20 Mar 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
This study proposes the water hammer energy difference (WHED) method based on unsteady flow energy and continuity equations, as well as the propagation laws of water hammer in closed pipes, and verifies its accuracy. Additionally, the parameter evolution patterns of typical transient conditions [...] Read more.
This study proposes the water hammer energy difference (WHED) method based on unsteady flow energy and continuity equations, as well as the propagation laws of water hammer in closed pipes, and verifies its accuracy. Additionally, the parameter evolution patterns of typical transient conditions in pumped storage power plants are investigated based on WHED. The application of WHED in the transient processes of hydropower plants (HPs) is validated by experiments, showing a maximum error of about 7% between numerical and experimental results under conditions of initial load increase followed by decrease (HR = 184 m). Additionally, WHED was validated under two critical conditions in pumped storage plants (PSPs): 90% load rejection in generating mode and emergency power-off in pumping mode. In PSPs, the results of WHED are consistent with those obtained using the method of characteristics (MOC), with a maximum fault tolerance rate Δ < 3%. Notably, WHED offers superior time efficiency when analyzing hydraulic transitions in complex pipe networks, as it directly considers boundary conditions at both ends of the pipeline and hydraulic machinery, whereas MOC requires dividing the pipeline into multiple segments with a series of boundary points. Lastly, WHED’s energy parameters are used to describe flow stability from a physics perspective, explaining the causes of pressure fluctuations during transient periods in HPs and PSPs. These findings offer valuable references and guidance for the safe operation of PSPs and HPs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optimization Design and Simulation Analysis of Hydraulic Turbine)
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