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Biomass, Biofuels and Waste: 3rd Edition
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Biomass, Biofuels and Waste: 3rd Edition

A special issue of Energies (ISSN 1996-1073). This special issue belongs to the section "A4: Bio-Energy".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 May 2025 | Viewed by 3642

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Małgorzata Wilk

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Heat Engineering and Environment Protection, AGH University of Krakow, Mickiewicza 30 Av., 30-059 Kraków, Poland
Interests: thermal processes; hydrothermal carbonization; torrefaction; pyrolysis; combustion; thermal analysis; post-processing water analysis; fuel property evaluation; biomass; waste; sewage sludge
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recently, the political situation has significantly influenced the demand for bioenergy production. The global energy market has been forced to reduce the consumption of natural gas. Additionally, global warming and the depletion of natural sources has imposed the implementation of many actions towards the development of renewable sources and the reduction in fossil fuel usage. Therefore, biomass, biofuels and waste are welcome as eco-friendly alternatives. In addition, new developing technologies should also be applied to sufficiently increase the production of biofuels and to utilize the potential of biomass or waste and the adequate disposal of by-products. Therefore, pre-treatment processes such as torrefaction, hydrothermal carbonization and slow pyrolysis processes are required to improve the properties of biomass or waste and turn them into successful biofuels. Thermal conversion methods, e.g., combustion, gasification or pyrolysis, must be undertaken to process biomass, biofuels or waste into energy or other applications including fuel cells, biofertilizers or absorbents, etc. Every aspect of these processes must be carefully studied. Therefore, a number of actions regarding waste management should also be introduced, including, among others: the reduction in waste generation, including food, mineral and plastic waste; the efficient segregation of municipal mixed solid waste; and the application of thermal processes in order to transform the combustible portion of waste into energy.

This Special Issue aims to present the most recent advancements related to experimental and numerical studies as well theory and design concerning biomass, biofuels and waste conversion technologies. In addition, the benefits and problems associated within their production will be highlighted. Research papers and reviews describing the state of the art are within the scope of this Special Issue.

Dr. Małgorzata Wilk
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Energies is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • biomass
  • biofuel
  • waste
  • sewage sludge
  • municipal solid waste
  • refuse-derived fuel
  • renewable fuels
  • waste management
  • liquid waste disposal
  • fuel characterization
  • circular economy
  • sustainability
  • thermal processing
  • hydrothermal carbonization
  • liquefaction
  • stream explosion
  • torrefaction
  • pyrolysis
  • gasification
  • combustion and incineration
  • anaerobic digestion and fermentation
  • wet oxidation
  • hydrogen
  • material recovery
  • energy recovery
  • energy balance
  • evaluation of fuel quality
  • life cycle and risk assessment
  • technoeconomic analysis
  • environmental consideration
  • biological processes
  • dark fermentation
  • biorefinery

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

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20 pages, 5052 KiB  
Article
Strategic Dynamics and Decision-Making Models in the Maritime Trade of Biofuels in Spain: Insights into Port Operations and Energy Transition Policies
by Nicoletta González-Cancelas, Javier Vaca-Cabrero, Alberto Camarero-Orive and Diego Alfonso Álvarez Garzón
Energies 2025, 18(3), 649; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18030649 - 30 Jan 2025
Viewed by 582
Abstract
This study examines the maritime trade of biofuels in Spain, focusing on its contribution to the global energy transition and sustainable development. Using data from Spain’s 28 port authorities, the research identifies key trends, trade dynamics, and port-specific roles. This study reveals that [...] Read more.
This study examines the maritime trade of biofuels in Spain, focusing on its contribution to the global energy transition and sustainable development. Using data from Spain’s 28 port authorities, the research identifies key trends, trade dynamics, and port-specific roles. This study reveals that Spain is a net biofuel exporter, maintaining a positive balance of 5.20 million tons throughout the study period. Export volumes peaked in 2021 at 1.63 million tons, while imports have shown steady growth over the past seven years. Barcelona and Bilbao emerge as strategic ports with robust connections to the Netherlands, Italy, and Belgium, reinforcing Spain’s role in the international biofuel market. This study incorporates hierarchical decision models, including classification trees, to analyze sustainability and efficiency factors in biofuel trade. These models unveil key interactions between variables such as cargo type, origin country, and port characteristics, offering actionable strategies to optimize port operations and enhance Spain’s standing in the global biofuels sector. This research highlights the importance of sustainable port infrastructure and international collaboration to strengthen Spain’s position as a pivotal player in the global energy transition. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass, Biofuels and Waste: 3rd Edition)
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17 pages, 2033 KiB  
Article
Properties of Components of Renewable Motor Fuel Based on Plant Oils and Assessment of Their Compatibility with Traditional Fuels
by Sergii Boichenko, Anna Yakovlieva, Stepan Zubenko, Sergii Konovalov, Iryna Shkilniuk, Artem Artyukhov, Bogdan Wit, Krzysztof Czarnocki and Tomasz Wołowiec
Energies 2024, 17(24), 6390; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17246390 - 19 Dec 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 685
Abstract
The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels and the increasing need to diversify energy sources have stimulated significant research in the field of renewable motor fuels. Despite the progress made, there is still a need to expand the feedstocks, optimize technological [...] Read more.
The growing demand for sustainable and environmentally friendly fuels and the increasing need to diversify energy sources have stimulated significant research in the field of renewable motor fuels. Despite the progress made, there is still a need to expand the feedstocks, optimize technological pathways, and, in particular, conduct comprehensive studies of the compatibility of renewable components with traditional fuels. In light of the above, the authors propose optimizing the properties of renewable fuels by using new vegetable oils and alcohols for their synthesis. The work is focused on studying the basic physical–chemical properties of fatty acid esters and assessing the possibility of using them as renewable components of motor fuels. Renewable components were obtained via the esterification of selected plant oils (rapeseed oil, camelina oil, palm kernel oil, and coconut oil) with different alcohols (ethanol and isobutanol) with further vacuum distillation of esters. The influence of the structure and composition of renewable components on their physical–chemical properties was studied and substantiated. It shows how the carbon number distribution and double bonds in fatty acid radicals influence the properties of renewable components. The paper shows the impact of the type and structure of alcohol used for esterification on the properties of studied products. The regularities in the change in properties of renewable components depending on the composition of oils and alcohols are explained and substantiated from the point of view of physical chemistry and the basics of forces of intermolecular interactions. Renewable components were compared to the properties of conventional motor fuels (diesel fuel and jet fuel). Based on the level of component compatibility with petroleum fuels, recommendations for replacing or blending petroleum fuels with renewable components were proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass, Biofuels and Waste: 3rd Edition)
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Review

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35 pages, 2056 KiB  
Review
Review of Reforming Processes for the Production of Green Hydrogen from Landfill Gas
by Dhruv Singh, Piero Sirini and Lidia Lombardi
Energies 2025, 18(1), 15; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18010015 - 24 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1975
Abstract
The growing challenges of climate change, the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and the urgent need for carbon-neutral energy solutions have intensified the focus on renewable energy. In this perspective, the generation of green hydrogen from renewable sources like biogas/landfill gas (LFG) offers [...] Read more.
The growing challenges of climate change, the depletion of fossil fuel reserves, and the urgent need for carbon-neutral energy solutions have intensified the focus on renewable energy. In this perspective, the generation of green hydrogen from renewable sources like biogas/landfill gas (LFG) offers an intriguing option, providing the dual benefits of a sustainable hydrogen supply and enhanced waste management through energy innovation and valorization. Thus, this review explores the production of green hydrogen from biogas/LFG through four conventional reforming processes, specifically dry methane reforming (DMR), steam methane reforming (SMR), partial oxidation reforming (POX), and autothermal reforming (ATR), focusing on their mechanisms, operating parameters, and the role of catalysts in hydrogen production. This review further delves into both the environmental aspects, specifically GWP (CO2 eq·kg−1 H2) emissions, and the economic aspects of these processes, examining their efficiency and impact. Additionally, this review also explores hydrogen purification in biogas/LFG reforming and its integration into the CO2 capture, utilization, and storage roadmap for net-negative emissions. Lastly, this review highlights future research directions, focusing on improving SMR and DMR biogas/LFG reforming technologies through simulation and modeling to enhance hydrogen production efficiency, thereby advancing understanding and informing future research and policy initiatives for sustainable energy solutions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomass, Biofuels and Waste: 3rd Edition)
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