Racial Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion in Schools: Humanizing Wellness While under Attack

A special issue of Education Sciences (ISSN 2227-7102).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 March 2024) | Viewed by 15723

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Education, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Interests: college persistence; access, and identity development for undocumented college students; equity and diversity in higher education; critical race theory and racist nativism

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Guest Editor
College of Education, California State University, Long Beach, CA 90840, USA
Interests: critical race theory (CRT) in education; Latina/o education; racist nativism, immigration, and education; undocumented students; racial microaggressions; testimonio as methodology; critical race-gendered epistemologies in educational research

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

While racialized violence is historically rooted in the fabric of American schooling, the year 2020 (and beyond) spotlighted the stark structural and institutional inequities plaguing U.S. society for Communities of Color (Anand & Hsu, 2020, Perez Huber & Muñoz, 2021).  In response to the violent and brutal murders of Black Americans at the hands of police officers, virulent anti-immigrant sentiment, and rising anti-Asian hate crimes, people throughout the nation came out onto the streets to demand justice. In response, educational institutions, major corporations, and local and national organizations made public statements in support of Black Lives Matter and denouncing anti-Blackness and systemic racism. Education has largely struggled to grapple with these issues, and research has found that many institutions have been unable to move racial equity from an institutional value to meaningful structural change (Kiang & Tsai, 2022; Meikle & Morris, 2022). Educators and administrators within K-12 settings and in colleges and universities continue to consider how equity, diversity, and inclusion can be at the forefront of practice and pedagogy (Alim & Paris, 2017; Nieto & McDonough, 2011). To further complicate racial justice and equity efforts in education, an anti-Critical Race Theory (CRT) movement has taken hold at a national level, where state legislation has mandated that schools and universities restrict their teaching of anti-racism, and even broader diversity efforts (UCLA Law School, 2021). The ensuing culture war has led to schools banning books related to race and diversity, purging ethnic studies programs, and restricting academic freedom (Cantwell & Taylor, 2022; Harris & Alter, 2023; Hartocollis & Fawcett, 2023). This attack on public education has caused fear and uncertainty in the lives of educators in schools and higher education. We also consider how equity work is informed by racial stress, trauma, and cultural taxation (Kohli & Pizarro 2022), and question how equity work impacts mental and physical wellness. The purpose of this Special Issue of Education Science is to highlight how educators and scholars engaged in equity, diversity, and inclusion research and practice navigate, resist, and heal from the socio-political backlash, as well as institutional and schooling’s attempts to appease conservative agendas. We seek research and scholarly papers to advance these conversations and knowledge inclusive of, but not limited to, the following topics:

  • Highlighting how schools and/or university settings are centering humanity or humanizing in their diversity, equity, and inclusion efforts.
  • Understanding how school, institutional, and state contexts inform educators' approach to diversity, equity, and inclusion research and practice.
  • Examining the experiences of Critical Race Theory scholars and practitioners within a sociopolitical context that operates as a surveillance mechanism.
  • Unveiling trauma-informed strategies and/or forms of solidarity being formed to resist attacks against equity, diversity, and inclusion.
  • Analyzing how the work of equity officers or new leadership models and theories have or need to shift to adequately address the current sociopolitical context.

References

Alim, S. A., & Paris, D. (2017). What is culturally sustaining pedagogy and why does it matter? In D. Paris & S. A. Alim (Eds.), Culturally Sustaining Pedagogies: Teaching and learning for justice in a changing world. (pp. 1–23). Teachers College Press.

Anand, D., & Hsu, L. (2020). COVID-19 and Black lives matter: Examining anti-Asian racism and anti-Blackness in US education. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Perspectives in Higher Education, 5(1), 190–199.

Cantwell, B. & Taylor, B.T. (2022). The right-wing attempt to control higher ed: Demolishing independent expertise is a central goal of the republican party. Chronicle of Higher Education. https://www-chronicle-com.csulb.idm.oclc.org/article/the-right-wing-attempt-to-control-higher-ed

Harris, E. A. & Alter, A. (2023). A fast-growing network of conservative groups is fueling a surge in book bans. New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2022/12/12/books/book-bans-libraries.html

Hartocollis, A., & Fawcett, E. (2023, February 1). The college board strips down it’s AP curriculum for African American studies. The New York Times. https://www.nytimes.com/2023/02/01/us/college-board-advanced-placement-african-american-studies.html

Kiang, M. V., & Tsai, A. C. (2022). Failure of leadership in U.S. academic medicine after George Floyd’s killing by police and amidst subsequent unrest. Annals of Epidemiology, 65, 116–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2021.04.018

Kohli R., Pizarro M. (2022). The layered toll of racism in teacher education on teacher educators of color. AERA Open, 8. https://doi.org/10.1177/23328584221078538Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An International Journal40(2), 105–113.

Meikle, P. A., & Morris, L. R. (2022). University social responsibility: Challenging systemic racism in the aftermath of George Floyd’s Murder. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010036

Nieto, S., & McDonough, K. (2011). Placing equity front and center revisited. In A. F. Ball & C. A. Tyson (Eds.), Studying diversity in teacher education (pp. 363–384). Lanham, MD: Rowan & Littlefield.

Pérez Huber, L. & Muñoz, S. M. (2021). Why they hate us: How racist rhetoric impacts education. Teachers College Press.

UCLA Law School (2021). CRT Forward Tracking Project. https://law.ucla.edu/academics/centers/critical-race-studies/ucla-law-crt-forward-tracking-project.

Dr. Susana M. Muñoz
Dr. Lindsay Pérez Huber
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • racial equity
  • education
  • DEI backlash
  • humanizing race work
  • critical race theory

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Published Papers (10 papers)

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Research

21 pages, 299 KiB  
Article
Exploring How Culture Matters in Building Responsive and Humanizing Contexts for Community College Students Pursuing STEM
by Brenda Lee Anderson and Regina Deil-Amen
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(9), 956; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14090956 - 29 Aug 2024
Viewed by 913
Abstract
While the vertical transfer process and culturally responsive approaches to education have been studied extensively, few scholars have addressed these two areas of concern simultaneously, particularly within higher education contexts. This study explores what cultural responsiveness means and how it matters for low-income [...] Read more.
While the vertical transfer process and culturally responsive approaches to education have been studied extensively, few scholars have addressed these two areas of concern simultaneously, particularly within higher education contexts. This study explores what cultural responsiveness means and how it matters for low-income community college (CC) students aspiring toward STEM careers and transferring to STEM majors at a local university. As part of a bridge program, students received two STEM faculty mentors, one faculty mentor from the community college and the other from the local university, beginning in their last year of enrollment at the community college. Each STEM mentor was trained in culturally responsive mentoring, and their mentorship extended post-transfer. Students participated in focus groups to share their experiences. The findings reveal that specific aspects of the community college students’ identities, primarily their race and language, were relevant as aspects of culture that mattered for their STEM aspirations. The findings also show that cultural responsiveness in mentoring and support outside the classroom are important steps toward humanizing STEM spaces, but they are wholly insufficient when not paired with extensive culturally responsive efforts in STEM teaching and within the curriculum to improve the internal classroom climate for those with racialized identities. Full article
14 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
Pláticando about Love at the Kitchen Table
by Sharim Hannegan-Martinez and Autumn A. Griffin
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(8), 879; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14080879 - 12 Aug 2024
Viewed by 972
Abstract
In this paper two Women of Color academics employ and blend Chicana Feminist Pláticas and Kitchen Table Talk methodologies to engage in a culturally rooted dialogue about the power of love in education. They explore their journeys towards studying love, love in praxis, [...] Read more.
In this paper two Women of Color academics employ and blend Chicana Feminist Pláticas and Kitchen Table Talk methodologies to engage in a culturally rooted dialogue about the power of love in education. They explore their journeys towards studying love, love in praxis, and ultimately, argue that love is a practice for cultivating and sustaining our collective well-being. Full article
20 pages, 291 KiB  
Article
Claiming Space to (Re)generate: The Impact of Critical Race Professional Development on Teacher Educators of Color
by Sharon Leathers, Diane Mendoza Nevárez, Nallely Arteaga, Rita Kohli and Marcos Pizarro
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(7), 722; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14070722 - 2 Jul 2024
Viewed by 1323
Abstract
As educational systems are confronted with attacks under the guise of “Critical Race Theory” bans, teacher educators of Color navigate the contradictions of preparing teacher candidates to be culturally sustaining within a suppression of racial discourses. For many teacher educators of Color, who [...] Read more.
As educational systems are confronted with attacks under the guise of “Critical Race Theory” bans, teacher educators of Color navigate the contradictions of preparing teacher candidates to be culturally sustaining within a suppression of racial discourses. For many teacher educators of Color, who are often tasked to carry out the social and racial justice work of teacher education programs, they are experiencing an exacerbated racial harm. In this article, we explore how a racial-affinity critical race professional development (CRPD) space for teacher educators of Color committed to racial justice serves as a space of support, healing, and regeneration amidst systemic racism and protections to white comfort in teacher education. Weaving together three counterstories from participants in the CRPD, we examine how this space supports teacher educators in recentering communities of Color knowledge systems and ways of being to sustain themselves and reclaim teacher education. These counterstories also offer implications for teacher education to address the ways in which it supports and maintains white comfort and the need for a restorative framework for addressing past and ongoing racial harm. Full article
17 pages, 258 KiB  
Article
“The House Is on Fire”: A Critical Analysis of Anti-CRT Bans and Faculty Experiences
by Kaleb L. Briscoe and Veronica A. Jones
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(4), 360; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14040360 - 29 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1346
Abstract
The anti-critical race theory movement has caused educators strife and fear nationally. In these current socio-political times, faculty are navigating unprecedented experiences of racism as they teach and research critical race theory. Through our work, we examined 40 faculty experiences challenging legislation at [...] Read more.
The anti-critical race theory movement has caused educators strife and fear nationally. In these current socio-political times, faculty are navigating unprecedented experiences of racism as they teach and research critical race theory. Through our work, we examined 40 faculty experiences challenging legislation at a national, state, and institutional level. We present recommendations for practice and policy that resist the surveillance experienced during this socio-political backlash. Full article
15 pages, 252 KiB  
Article
“Educational Facials”: A Healing Tool for the Beautiful Struggle
by Kari Kokka and Michelle Cody
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 303; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030303 - 13 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1857
Abstract
Critical educators of Color often work to support their students to work toward justice. However, because we live and work in a society imbued with white supremacy, cisheteropatriarchy, and additional systems of oppression, students and colleagues may resist efforts toward equity and racial [...] Read more.
Critical educators of Color often work to support their students to work toward justice. However, because we live and work in a society imbued with white supremacy, cisheteropatriarchy, and additional systems of oppression, students and colleagues may resist efforts toward equity and racial justice, especially in mathematics education with women of Color instructors. In this paper, two mathematics educators, a Japanese American woman and a Black woman, elaborate a theory of educational facials, first coined by the second author in 2015. The theory of educational facials is an analytic tool for healing from and navigating harmful school climates. The authors operationalize the theory of educational facials as a lens to investigate examples from their own experiences negotiating unhealthy environments. The article shares descriptions of types of educational facials (e.g., do-it-yourself empowerment educational facial) and concludes with discussion of systemic change to promote healthy, liberatory, justice-oriented school spaces. Full article
21 pages, 1342 KiB  
Article
Protect the Children, Body and Soul
by Kenjus T. Watson, Tiffani Marie, Ersie-Anastasia Gentzis and Dante Dixson
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030282 - 7 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1767
Abstract
This paper critically examines American schooling systems, challenges their subtractive nature, and juxtaposes it with the culturally sustaining potential of education. We problematize the current tools for evaluating trauma and stress in young people of color and emphasize the need for a comprehensive [...] Read more.
This paper critically examines American schooling systems, challenges their subtractive nature, and juxtaposes it with the culturally sustaining potential of education. We problematize the current tools for evaluating trauma and stress in young people of color and emphasize the need for a comprehensive understanding of indigenous medicines as a remedy. Drawing on interdisciplinary theories, we elucidate the pervasive and evolving nature of anti-blackness, reinforcing the sociohistorical structure of inequity within schools. As a response, this study presents a unique wellness survey (comprising two newly validated wellness scales) developed from a previous four-year longitudinal study investigating the relationship between culturally relevant teaching practices and improved health outcomes for children. We found a strong correlation between exposure to our culturally relevant intervention and several health indicators. Particularly, sustained telomere growth (protection of cells) was observed in over 90% of the participants in the intervention group, indicating a potential biological mechanism through which culturally informed interventions might contribute to improved health outcomes. We use these findings to argue that proactive measures centered on cultural and community contexts can serve as crucial protective factors, thereby potentially mitigating negative health outcomes related to racialized stress. Full article
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19 pages, 295 KiB  
Article
“Wholeness Is No Trifling Matter”: Toward an Epistemology of Care, Touch, and Celebration in Education
by Wilson K. Okello and Shawn S. Savage
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 217; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14030217 - 21 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1413
Abstract
The authors argue that embracing life necessitates a shift in how we conceptualize wellness in education. They delve into the exploration of humanizing wellness and living well by drawing on Black onto-epistemologies, specifically referencing Bambara’s The Salt Eaters. This exploration involves examining how [...] Read more.
The authors argue that embracing life necessitates a shift in how we conceptualize wellness in education. They delve into the exploration of humanizing wellness and living well by drawing on Black onto-epistemologies, specifically referencing Bambara’s The Salt Eaters. This exploration involves examining how notions of wholeness manifest in the text and the subsequent implications for educators and scholars actively involved in anti-equity efforts. The authors elucidate both the possibilities and challenges related to care, touch, and celebration. In particular, they employ the concept of Black refusal to investigate how these elements can propel a critical departure from conventional ideas of wellness in the United States, paving the way for alternative modes of existence which prioritize wholeness. To achieve this, the authors present an exploration of the literature on whiteness, epistemology, and the destructive impact of anti-Blackness. The authors then introduce Black refusal as a theoretical framework, which functions as the frame guiding their methods. Examining personal reflective instances of engagement with the present political landscape, analyzing Bambara’s The Salt Eaters, and maintaining refusal as a central theoretical framework, the authors detail an epistemology of wholeness centered on care, touch, and celebration. Full article
20 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Beyond Legal Constraints: Understanding Barriers to Humanizing Responses in the Aftermath of Hate Speech at Private Universities
by Eliza Morse Bentley Epstein, Nicole Cruz Ngaosi, Noor Khalayleh, Liliana M. Garces and Jackie Pedota
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020175 - 8 Feb 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1429
Abstract
Supreme Court rulings prevent public institutions from censoring hate speech for content—even if that content has damaging consequences for marginalized students and conflicts with other institutional objectives. This case study examines administrator responses to hate speech and impacts for racial inclusion at a [...] Read more.
Supreme Court rulings prevent public institutions from censoring hate speech for content—even if that content has damaging consequences for marginalized students and conflicts with other institutional objectives. This case study examines administrator responses to hate speech and impacts for racial inclusion at a private university unconstrained by First Amendment protections. The findings illustrate that, even in contexts where administrators have both the constitutional leeway to enact stricter speech policies and a deep investment in building an anti-racist community, normative understandings about freedom of expression hamper efforts for racial inclusion and humanizing responses. We propose an “inclusive freedom” approach that leverages norms of academic freedom as a path forward for postsecondary institutions to address harm in the aftermath of hate speech. Full article
16 pages, 242 KiB  
Article
Grief (Work) Is Heart (Work): A Critical Race Feminista Epistolary Exchange as an Offering on Death, Grief, and Well-Being to Academia
by Nichole Margarita Garcia and Solano F. Garcia
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 58; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010058 - 3 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1976
Abstract
This article centers around my work as a critical race feminista; an academic experiencing consistent attacks on the scholarship I produce while also being a tía (aunt), an active griever, and a godmother to my eldest nephew, Solano Garcia. This is the first [...] Read more.
This article centers around my work as a critical race feminista; an academic experiencing consistent attacks on the scholarship I produce while also being a tía (aunt), an active griever, and a godmother to my eldest nephew, Solano Garcia. This is the first time that my nephew and I will have shared our most private papelitos guardados (intimate guarded papers). In this article, we respond to the paucity of Black, Indigenous, and People of Color-centered death, grief, and well-being in academia. Using a critical race feminist epistolary methodology, we document our epistolary exchanges that contain dehumanizing attempts on our bodymindspirit matrices as active grievers of color confronting the premature death of my brother, who died at the age of 37 in the summer of 2021. Unlike the ‘western’ psychotherapeutic tradition of overcoming death and grief, we stake a claim, sit with it, and affirm it as an ongoing process. We argue that recognizing and affirming death and grief is a life-making process that creates spaces for healing through our epistolary offerings. This article aims to offer BIPOC faculty, staff, students, and their families life-affirming strategies towards radical self-care, love, and intergenerational collective healing within a sociopolitical context that operates as a surveillance mechanism. Full article
14 pages, 249 KiB  
Article
Locating Our Role in the Struggle: Lessons from the Past and Present on Teachers’ Persistence, Solidarity, and Activism for the Common Good
by Thea L. Racelis and Hillary E. Parkhouse
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14010056 - 2 Jan 2024
Viewed by 1354
Abstract
The recent onslaught of educational censorship measures is the latest and most extreme manifestation of the perennial struggle over curriculum and politics in schools. Lessons from past and present teacher resistance, solidarity, and activism can inspire and galvanize teachers in this moment within [...] Read more.
The recent onslaught of educational censorship measures is the latest and most extreme manifestation of the perennial struggle over curriculum and politics in schools. Lessons from past and present teacher resistance, solidarity, and activism can inspire and galvanize teachers in this moment within the long struggle for educational justice. This article describes three orientations that may help teachers avoid self-censorship and take action: teachers as classroom-level judges, teachers as part of a collective, and teachers as historical actors. We also present reflective questions that can help teachers identify supports available to them and actions they can take in light of their particular contexts. Our hope is that these tools for thinking about the role of the teacher and taking action will offer both teachers and teacher educators critical hope in our collective struggle for the common good and a more democratic future. Full article
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