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Current Oncology
Special Issues
Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers
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Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers

A special issue of Current Oncology (ISSN 1718-7729). This special issue belongs to the section "Head and Neck Oncology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2023) | Viewed by 5637

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Maria Grazia Chiofalo

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Thyroid Surgery Unit, Department Head and Neck Surgery, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, IRCCS Fondazione G. Pascale, Via Mariano Semmola, 80131 Naples, Italy
Interests: thyroid surgery; intraoperative nerve monitoring; thyroid cancer; differentiated thyroid cancer; medullary thyroid cancer; neck ultrasonography

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Differentiated thyroid cancer accounts for more than 90% of all thyroid cancers and includes papillary, follicular, and poorly differentiated thyroid cancer.

Recurrent disease occurs in 10–15% of patients. In most cases, recurrent disease is found in the neck, in the thyroid bed or lymph nodes. Treatment of the neck includes surgery, radioiodine ablation, and in some cases, external radiation therapy.

Extracervical metastases account for about 10% of patients and require multimodality diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Treatment of distant metastases includes levothyroxine therapy with suppression of serum TSH, radioiodine in patients with radioiodine avid disease, and local treatment modalities (such as surgery, external beam radiotherapy, radiofrequency ablation).

In those patients who are refractory to radioiodine therapy, encouraging results have been reported using molecular targeted therapies.

Patients with advanced differentiated thyroid cancers may present unique management challenges and may require the collaborative participation of a multidisciplinary team.

We invite investigators to contribute original research articles and review articles and clinical case presentations that explore the critical aspects of the diagnostic, therapeutic, and monitoring approaches of these subsets of thyroid cancer patients.

Potential topics include but are not limited to:

  • Surgical treatment of locally advanced differentiated thyroid cancer, including lymph node management;
  • Intraoperative nerve monitoring;
  • Treatment of distant metastases with conventional therapy:
    • Radioiodine;
    • Surgery;
    • External beam radiation;
  • Treatment of patients with radioiodine-refractory disease;
  • Other local treatment modalities: embolization, radiofrequency ablation;
  • Radiological imaging methods;
  • Multimodality therapeutic approach;
  • Molecular targeted therapy;
  • Perspective for diagnosis and treatment of differentiated thyroid cancer.

Dr. Maria Grazia Chiofalo
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Current Oncology is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • thyroid surgery
  • intraoperative nerve monitoring
  • thyroid cancer
  • advanced thyroid cancer
  • neck dissection
  • targeted therapy
  • tailored treatment
  • radioiodine therapy
  • external beam radiation

Published Papers (3 papers)

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19 pages, 8816 KiB  
Article
Association of DNA Promoter Methylation and BRAF Mutation in Thyroid Cancer
by Farzana Jasmine, Briseis Aschebrook-Kilfoy, Mohammad M. Rahman, Garrett Zaagman, Raymon H. Grogan, Mohammed Kamal, Habibul Ahsan and Muhammad G. Kibriya
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(3), 2978-2996; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30030227 - 02 Mar 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1994
Abstract
The BRAF V600E mutation and DNA promoter methylation play important roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer (TC). However, the association of these genetic and epigenetic alterations is not clear. In this study, using paired tumor and surrounding normal tissue from the same [...] Read more.
The BRAF V600E mutation and DNA promoter methylation play important roles in the pathogenesis of thyroid cancer (TC). However, the association of these genetic and epigenetic alterations is not clear. In this study, using paired tumor and surrounding normal tissue from the same patients, on a genome-wide scale we tried to identify (a) any association between BRAF mutation and DNA promoter methylation, and (b) if the molecular findings may provide a basis for therapeutic intervention. We included 40 patients with TC (female = 28, male = 12) without distant metastasis. BRAF mutation was present in 18 cases. We identified groups of differentially methylated loci (DML) that are found in (a) both BRAF mutant and wild type, (b) only in BRAF mutant tumors, and (c) only in BRAF wild type. BRAF mutation-specific promoter loci were more frequently hypomethylated, whereas BRAF wild-type-specific loci were more frequently hypermethylated. Common DML were enriched in cancer-related pathways, including the mismatch repair pathway and Wnt-signaling pathway. Wild-type-specific DML were enriched in RAS signaling. Methylation status of checkpoint signaling genes, as well as the T-cell inflamed genes, indicated an opportunity for the potential use of PDL1 inhibitors in BRAF mutant TC. Our study shows an association between BRAF mutation and methylation in TC that may have biological significance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers)
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8 pages, 529 KiB  
Article
Second Primary Malignancies in Patients with Differentiated Thyroid Cancer after Radionuclide Therapy: A Retrospective Single-Centre Study
by Leandra Piscopo, Fabio Volpe, Carmela Nappi, Emilia Zampella, Mariarosaria Manganelli, Francesca Matrisciano, Pasquale Totaro, Leonardo Pace, Simone Maurea, Alberto Cuocolo and Michele Klain
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(1), 37-44; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30010003 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1559
Abstract
Second primary malignancies (SPM) are described as any primary, not synchronous, malignancy arising in a different anatomical district, with confirmed histological diagnosis. Age at diagnosis, previous non-thyroidal primary malignancy, and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy have been proposed as independent risk factors for SPM. [...] Read more.
Second primary malignancies (SPM) are described as any primary, not synchronous, malignancy arising in a different anatomical district, with confirmed histological diagnosis. Age at diagnosis, previous non-thyroidal primary malignancy, and radioactive iodine (RAI) therapy have been proposed as independent risk factors for SPM. RAI therapy is a standard treatment for moderate-high risk differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC), and its effect on the development of SPM has become a critical topic in DTC treatment. The purpose of this retrospective single-center study was to investigate the occurrence and the possible association of non-thyroidal SPM diagnosed after DTC and RAI therapy in a cohort of 1326 consecutive DTC patients referred at our Institution for RAI treatment from 1993 to 2009. Eighty-nine patients with ages ≤ 18 years at the time of DTC diagnosis or with a follow-up of ≤12 months were excluded from the final analysis. All patients underwent a complete clinical and hematological follow-up every 6 months for a minimum of 12 months. During follow-up (mean 89 ± 73 months), 25 patients (2%) had an SPM diagnosis (mean 133 ± 73 months). The most common site of the second malignancy was the breast, accounting for 32% of all SPM, followed by colon-rectal cancer (16%), leukemia, and gynecological and kidney cancer (4%). At Cox univariable regression analysis, age at DTC diagnosis (p < 0.001), age ≥55 years (p < 0.001) and follow-up duration (p < 0.004) were associated with SPM onset, while no significant association was observed with the administered activity of radioiodine. In conclusion, our data suggest that the older a person gets, the more sharply the likelihood of developing additional diseases, such as PMS, increases. Similarly, for follow-up, the more a patient is followed up clinically over time, the higher the risk of new diagnoses increases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers)
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Other

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16 pages, 1227 KiB  
Systematic Review
Prevalence of Occult Central Lymph Node Metastasis by Tumor Size in Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Liyang Tang, Roy W. Qu, Jaimie Park, Alfred A. Simental and Jared C. Inman
Curr. Oncol. 2023, 30(8), 7335-7350; https://doi.org/10.3390/curroncol30080532 - 02 Aug 2023
Viewed by 1470
Abstract
Background: While papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is associated with high occult central neck metastasis (CNM) rates, prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) is controversial. This meta-analysis aims to look at the occult CNM rate according to tumor size. Methods: A literature search was conducted [...] Read more.
Background: While papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) is associated with high occult central neck metastasis (CNM) rates, prophylactic central neck dissection (pCND) is controversial. This meta-analysis aims to look at the occult CNM rate according to tumor size. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed from inception to April 2023. Inclusion criteria were primary studies that determined occult CNM rates in cN0 PTC by tumor size. Heterogeneity, influential case diagnostics, and proportion data were evaluated with Cochran’s Q-test, Baujat plots and Forest plots, respectively. Results: Fifty-two studies were included in this meta-analysis. The findings demonstrated an occult CNM rate of 30.3% for tumors ≤ 5 mm, 32.7% for tumors ≤ 1 cm, 46.0% for tumors between 1 and 2 cm, 43.1% for tumors between 2 and 4 cm, and 61.2% for tumors > 4 cm. The heterogeneity of each study group was high, though no publication bias was noted. While there was a trend towards increased occult CNM rates with larger tumors, comparisons between different size cutoffs varied in significance. Conclusion: This comprehensive review affirms that occult CNM is high and that an ipsilateral pCND can be justified in all PTC patients for accurate differentiation between Stage I and Stage II disease and its clinical implications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Differentiated Thyroid Cancers)
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