As part of crystal growth experiments on transition metal oxidotellurates using chemical vapor transport reactions or hydrothermal conditions, single crystals of Ni
IITe
VIO
4 and Cu
IITe
IV2O
5 were obtained for the first time in the form of new modifications, as revealed by crystal structure determinations from X-ray data. In the course of these investigations, the crystal structure model of the only phase of Ni
IITe
VIO
4 reported so far (from now on named
α-) was corrected. Both
α-(space group
P2
1/
c,
Z = 2) and the new
β-polymorph of Ni
IITe
VIO
4 (space group
I4
1/
a,
Z = 8) can be considered derivatives (hettotypes) of the rutile structure (aristotype), as shown by detailed symmetry relationships. For CuTe
2O
5 also, only one crystalline phase has been described so far (from now on named α-) that corresponds to the mineral rajite (space group
P2
1/
c,
Z = 2). Its anion comprises two different trigonal-pyramidal TeO
3 groups linked through corner-sharing into a ditellurite unit. The anion part of the new
β-CuTe
2O
5 modification (space group
P2
1/
c,
Z = 2), likewise, comprises two Te
IV atoms but is more complex. Here, one Te
IV atom exhibits a coordination number of 4 and is part of a
TeO
2/2O
2/1] chain, and the other has a coordination number of 5 and is part of a
TeO
2/2O
3/1]
2 dimer. The two types of anions are linked into a tri-periodic framework where both Te
IV atoms are stereochemically active. The
α- and
β-CuTe
2O
5 modifications show no closer structural relationship, which is also reflected in their clearly different Raman spectra. Data mining for knowledge discovery in a structure database reveals that polymorphism is a rather common phenomenon for the family of inorganic oxidotellurates.
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