Processing–Structure–Property Relationships in Next-Generation Titanium Alloys

A special issue of Crystals (ISSN 2073-4352). This special issue belongs to the section "Crystalline Metals and Alloys".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 October 2026 | Viewed by 1229

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jorissen Street, Braamfontein, Johannesburg 2000, South Africa
Interests: crystallography of phase domains; phase transformations; oxidation, wear and corrosion of metals; texture analysis; thermodynamics of materials and modelling; light metals; ceramics; additive manufacturing; high-entropy alloys; powder metallurgy

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Guest Editor
Center for Nanoengineering and Advanced Materials, School of Mining, Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering, University of Johannesburg, P.O. Box 17011, Doornfontein, Johannesburg 2088, South Africa
Interests: high-temperature alloys; non-ferrous and ferrous alloys; composites; sensing and hard materials

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Titanium and its alloys remain at the cutting edge of advanced materials research, serving as indispensable candidates across aerospace, automotive, biomedical, marine, and energy sectors. Their unique combination of low density, high specific strength, corrosion resistance, and biocompatibility positions them essential for future technologies. However, their full potential is limited by challenges in processing, property tailoring, and cost reduction.

Recent advances in additive manufacturing, powder metallurgy, and hybrid thermo-mechanical processing have led to significant progress in titanium alloy science. These technologies allow unprecedented microstructural control, enabling the design of site-specific properties and hierarchical architecture. Computational thermodynamics, density functional theory, and integrated computational materials engineering (ICME) are increasingly complementing experimental approaches, deepening understanding of phase stability, deformation mechanisms, and diffusion processes. Such insights are guiding novel alloy design strategies—incorporating elements like Nb, Mo, Ta, and Zr that enhance oxidation resistance, creep strength, and corrosion performance.

Trending directions include metastable β-titanium alloys with high strength–ductility synergy, nanostructured and ultrafine-grained Ti alloys for superior fatigue resistance, and high-entropy Ti-based alloys designed to operate under extreme environments. In the biomedical field, surface modifications, and bioactive coatings are revolutionizing titanium implant performance, while porous additively manufactured scaffolds are expanding possibilities in regenerative medicine. In energy and sustainability applications, titanium alloys are explored for hydrogen storage, nuclear systems, and corrosion-resistant marine infrastructure, highlighting their strategic importance in the global energy transition.

Concurrently, advanced characterization techniques including in situ synchrotron diffraction, high-resolution TEM, and atom probe tomography are unlocking atomistic insights into defect interactions, phase transformations, and dislocation dynamics. Coupled with machine learning and artificial intelligence, these tools are accelerating materials discovery and enabling data-driven design of next-generation titanium alloys.

This Special Issue of Crystals aims to highlight frontier advances in titanium alloys, emphasizing structure–property relationships, novel applications, and pathways toward next-generation lightweight materials.

Dr. Maria Ntsoaki Mathabathe
Dr. Amogelang Sylvester Bolokang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • titanium alloys
  • microstructural evolution
  • phase transformations
  • metastable β-titanium alloys
  • high-entropy Ti-based alloys
  • additive manufacturing
  • powder metallurgy
  • mechanical properties
  • corrosion resistance
  • fatigue and creep behaviour
  • biomedical applications
  • hydrogen storage
  • advanced characterization
  • computational thermodynamics
  • sustainable processing

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

17 pages, 7703 KB  
Article
Characterization of the Intermetallic Phases in Ti/Zn and TiAlV/Zn Composite Materials
by Veronika Balejová, Martin Suláni, Alena Michalcová, Jan Blažek and Dalibor Vojtěch
Crystals 2026, 16(4), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16040275 - 18 Apr 2026
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Abstract
Composite materials with Ti or Ti alloy reinforcement in a Zn matrix are new, promising materials with potential applications in implantology. Infiltrating zinc into the porous titanium reinforcement of a designed implant could improve its osseointegration. In this field, it is important to [...] Read more.
Composite materials with Ti or Ti alloy reinforcement in a Zn matrix are new, promising materials with potential applications in implantology. Infiltrating zinc into the porous titanium reinforcement of a designed implant could improve its osseointegration. In this field, it is important to avoid the formation of brittle intermetallics; therefore, understanding their growth is fundamental. This work focuses on characterizing the Ti-Zn intermetallic phases at the interface of the TiAlV/Zn and Ti/Zn composites. Samples were prepared by immersing the Ti-6Al-4V or Ti bulk material in zinc melt at various temperatures. After various dwell times, the samples (pieces of Ti-6Al-4V or Ti in the molten zinc) were removed from the furnace and cooled in air. The sequence of evolution of intermetallic phases was observed to be dependent on dwell time at selected temperatures. The influences of surface treatment methods on the boundary structure were also tested. Full article
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20 pages, 12562 KB  
Article
Dry Sliding Tribology of γ-TiAl-Based Alloys
by Steven Magogodi, Maria Ntsoaki Mathabathe, Charles Witness Siyasiya, Amogelang Sylvester Bolokang, Michael Oluwatosin Bodunrin and Mbavhalelo Maumela
Crystals 2026, 16(4), 228; https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst16040228 - 30 Mar 2026
Viewed by 484
Abstract
Incorporating TiAl alloys in engine applications offers benefits including reduced fuel consumption and improved efficiency. However, understanding the wear behaviour of these materials is an important consideration due to their use in harsh environments involving movable parts. This study investigated the wear behaviour [...] Read more.
Incorporating TiAl alloys in engine applications offers benefits including reduced fuel consumption and improved efficiency. However, understanding the wear behaviour of these materials is an important consideration due to their use in harsh environments involving movable parts. This study investigated the wear behaviour and mechanisms of Ti–48Al–2Nb–0.3Si-1Sn (TiAl–S1) together with Ti–48Al–2Nb–0.3Si (TiAl–S0) as a reference alloy against an alumina ball. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed that the addition of Sn refined the lamellar structure from 216 μm to 130 μm and promoted more uniform deformation. SEM observations also indicated that abrasive wear is the dominant mechanism in the TiAl alloys. The TiAl–S1 exhibited lower hardness, resulting in deformation of wear debris and promoting third body acting as a lubricant. SEM-EDS revealed that the tribo-layer and wear debris originated from the TiAl materials rather than the counterpart alumina material. Both alloys demonstrated noble wear resistance, with a wear rate of 7.542 × 10−6 mm3/Nm for TiAl–S1 and 6.729 × 10−6 mm3/Nm for TiAl–S0. Even though both TiAl alloys experienced abrasive wear mechanisms, the addition of Sn emerges as a promising alloying strategy, for enhancing ductility without significantly increasing material loss. Full article
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