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Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications
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Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications

A special issue of Coatings (ISSN 2079-6412). This special issue belongs to the section "Surface Characterization, Deposition and Modification".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 December 2021) | Viewed by 18857

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Joe Sakai

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institut Català de Nanociència I Nanotecnologia (ICN2), UAB Campus, ICN2 Building, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
Interests: oxide thin films (especially vanadium oxides); pulsed laser deposition; insulator-metal phase transition; functionally graded materials; nanocomposites via self-assembly
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

This Special Issue solicits contributions related to multicomponent and multilayered hard coatings as well as nanostructured and nanocomposite coatings, including knowledge-based design and coating architectures for adapting microstructures down to the nanoscale level. The aim of this Special Issue is to provide an update on the current state of research and developments in the field of multicomponent and nanocomposite hard coatings by presenting a collection of experimental and theoretical works. The desired functionalities range from structural properties such as high hardness, thermal stability, chemical inertness, and biocompatibilities up to adaptive coating design for special functionalities such as controlled wear as well as sensing abilities. This Special Issue will not only emphasize the design and synthesis of novel coating concepts but also their characterization, modeling, and applications.

The topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

  • Coating technologies
  • Microstructures and properties
  • Growth mechanism, modeling, and explanation of structure and properties of coating material systems
  • Design of new coatings for special functionalities
  • Industrial applications
Dr. Joe Sakai
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Coatings is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • multicomponent
  • nanocomposite
  • hard coatings
  • synthesis
  • properties
  • applications

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 3534 KiB  
Article
An Effect of Co–W Barrier Sublayer on the Functional Characteristics of Au–Ru Contact Coatings
by Gennady P. Gololobov, Dmitriy V. Suvorov, Sergey M. Karabanov, Evgeniy V. Slivkin and Alexander Tolstoguzov
Coatings 2022, 12(2), 161; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings12020161 - 27 Jan 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1637
Abstract
The performance characteristics (microhardness, porosity, roughness, and transient resistance) of Au–Ru coatings with and without the Co–W alloy barrier sublayer electrodeposited on the surface of contact blades of commercially produced reed switches were investigated. It was found that the barrier sublayer reduces the [...] Read more.
The performance characteristics (microhardness, porosity, roughness, and transient resistance) of Au–Ru coatings with and without the Co–W alloy barrier sublayer electrodeposited on the surface of contact blades of commercially produced reed switches were investigated. It was found that the barrier sublayer reduces the average roughness of the coatings without significant change in their porosity. The Au–Ru coatings without sublayer exhibited a greater variation in the transient resistance during an increase in the pressing force. The service time of reed switches with the barrier sublayer increased in both testing modes: in low-power (50 mV, 5 μA, 50 Hz) by more than 4 × 106 switching cycles, and in mean-power (12 V, 0.25 A, 50 Hz) by more than 1.8 × 106 switching cycles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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17 pages, 5502 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Adhesion Properties of Hard Coatings by Means of Indentation and Acoustic Emission
by Peter Drobný, David Mercier, Václav Koula, Sára Ivana Škrobáková, Ľubomír Čaplovič and Martin Sahul
Coatings 2021, 11(8), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11080919 - 31 Jul 2021
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2684
Abstract
In general, the mechanical properties of hard thin coatings are investigated using indentation methods. Material characteristics of hard coatings, such as elastic modulus and hardness, are evaluated by means of nanoindentation and an appropriate evaluation methodology. The most popular method used to obtain [...] Read more.
In general, the mechanical properties of hard thin coatings are investigated using indentation methods. Material characteristics of hard coatings, such as elastic modulus and hardness, are evaluated by means of nanoindentation and an appropriate evaluation methodology. The most popular method used to obtain the coating properties required using nanoindentation is the evaluation based on the Oliver and Pharr methodology. Adhesion and wear properties can be calculated using these data. In this study, we used a novel method to evaluate the wear and adhesion of coatings. A special measuring device combined with static indentation and acoustic emission signal detection was developed to evaluate the adhesion of coatings. The device consists of a macrohardness instrumental indentation device equipped with an acoustic emission measuring gauge. It was used to investigate crack formation and adhesion of coatings deposited on different substrates using acoustic emissions data. The results using both the existing and novel methods were compared and evaluated. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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16 pages, 4273 KiB  
Article
Tribological and Mechanical Properties of Multicomponent CrVTiNbZr(N) Coatings
by Yin-Yu Chang and Cheng-Hsi Chung
Coatings 2021, 11(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11010041 - 02 Jan 2021
Cited by 18 | Viewed by 2755
Abstract
Multi-element material coating systems have received much attention for improving the mechanical performance in industry. However, they are still focused on ternary systems and seldom beyond quaternary ones. High entropy alloy (HEA) bulk material and thin films are systems that are each comprised [...] Read more.
Multi-element material coating systems have received much attention for improving the mechanical performance in industry. However, they are still focused on ternary systems and seldom beyond quaternary ones. High entropy alloy (HEA) bulk material and thin films are systems that are each comprised of at least five principal metal elements in equally matched proportions, and some of them are found possessing much higher strength than traditional alloys. In this study, CrVTiNbZr high entropy alloy and nitrogen contained CrVTiNbZr(N) nitride coatings were synthesized using high ionization cathodic-arc deposition. A chromium-vanadium alloy target, a titanium-niobium alloy target and a pure zirconium target were used for the deposition. By controlling the nitrogen content and cathode current, the CrNbTiVZr(N) coating with gradient or multilayered composition control possessed different microstructures and mechanical properties. The effect of the nitrogen content on the chemical composition, microstructure and mechanical properties of the CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings was investigated. Compact columnar microstructure was obtained for the synthesized CrVTiNbZr(N) coatings. The CrVTiNbZrN coating (HEAN-N165), which was deposited with nitrogen flow rate of 165 standard cubic centimeters per minute (sccm), exhibited slightly blurred columnar and multilayered structures containing CrVN, TiNbN and ZrN. The design of multilayered CrVTiNbZrN coatings showed good adhesion strength. Improvement of adhesion strength was obtained with composition-gradient interlayers. The CrVTiNbZrN coating with nitrogen content higher than 50 at.% possessed the highest hardness (25.2 GPa) and the resistance to plastic deformation H3/E*2 (0.2 GPa) value, and therefore the lowest wear rate was obtained because of high abrasion wear resistance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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17 pages, 6203 KiB  
Article
Influence of Electrolyte Temperature on Morphology and Properties of Composite Anodic Film on Titanium Alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al
by Yulong Wu, Haisheng Wu, Liang Wu, Zhi-Hui Xie, Lei Liu, Xu Dai, Gen Zhang, Wenhui Yao, Yu Li and Fusheng Pan
Coatings 2020, 10(11), 1109; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10111109 - 19 Nov 2020
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1704
Abstract
In this study, we introduced a novel environmentally-friendly electrolyte consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles and malic acid solution to fabricate composite anodic film on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy at different electrolyte temperatures. The morphology revealed that the PTFE nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into composite anodic [...] Read more.
In this study, we introduced a novel environmentally-friendly electrolyte consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) nanoparticles and malic acid solution to fabricate composite anodic film on Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al alloy at different electrolyte temperatures. The morphology revealed that the PTFE nanoparticles were successfully incorporated into composite anodic films and embedded preferentially in the pores and cracks. Their performances (wear, corrosion and hydrophobicity) were evaluated via electrochemical tests, ball on disc tests, and a contact angle (CA) meter. Compared to the substrate of titanium alloy Ti-10V-2Fe-3Al, the composite anodic films exhibited the low wear rates, high corrosion resistance and good hydrophobicity. However, the microstructure and morphology of the films were affected by the electrolyte temperature. As a result, their performances were changed greatly as a function of the temperature and the film fabricated at 20 °C exhibited better performances (CA = 131.95, icorr = 6.75 × 10−8 A·cm−2, friction coefficient = 0.14) than those at other electrolyte temperatures. In addition, the corresponding lubrication mechanism of the composite anodic films was discussed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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13 pages, 7321 KiB  
Article
Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Behavior of Mo–Si–N Films
by Yu-Cheng Liu, Bing-Hao Liang, Chi-Ruei Huang and Fan-Bean Wu
Coatings 2020, 10(10), 987; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10100987 - 16 Oct 2020
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2618
Abstract
The molybdenum silicon nitride (Mo–Si–N) films were deposited by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron reactive dual-gun co-sputtering technique with process control on input power and gas ratio. Composition variation, microstructure evolution, and related mechanical and tribological behavior of the Mo–Si–N coatings were investigated. [...] Read more.
The molybdenum silicon nitride (Mo–Si–N) films were deposited by a radio frequency (RF) magnetron reactive dual-gun co-sputtering technique with process control on input power and gas ratio. Composition variation, microstructure evolution, and related mechanical and tribological behavior of the Mo–Si–N coatings were investigated. The N2/(Ar + N2) flow ratios were controlled at 10/20 and 5/20 levels with the tuning of input power on the Si target at 0, 100, and 150 W. As the silicon contents increased from 0 to 33.7 at.%, the film microstructure evolved from a crystalline structure with Mo2N and MoN phases to an amorphous feature with the Si3N4 phase. The analysis of selected area electron diffraction patterns in TEM also indicated an amorphous feature of the Mo–Si–N films when Si content reached 20 at.% and beyond. The hardness and Young’s modulus changed from 16.5 to 26.9 and 208 to 273 GPa according to their microstructure features. The highest hardness and modulus were attributed to nanocrystalline Mo2N and MoN with Si solid-solution. The crystalline Mo–Si–N films showed a smooth tribological track and less wear failure was found. In contrast, the wear track with severe failures were observed for Mo–N and amorphous Mo–Si–N coatings due to their lower hardness. The ratios of H/E and H3/E2 were intensively discussed and correlated to the wear behavior of the Mo–Si–N coatings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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18 pages, 5236 KiB  
Article
Deposition of Multicomponent AlTiCrMoN Protective Coatings for Metal Cutting Applications
by Yin-Yu Chang and Chih-Cheng Chuang
Coatings 2020, 10(7), 605; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10070605 - 28 Jun 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2493
Abstract
The high potential of the protective coatings for metal machining applications using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes is one to be valued, and will accelerate development of the multicomponent coating design and increase the cutting efficiency. In this study, nanostructured AlTiCrMoN coatings [...] Read more.
The high potential of the protective coatings for metal machining applications using the physical vapor deposition (PVD) processes is one to be valued, and will accelerate development of the multicomponent coating design and increase the cutting efficiency. In this study, nanostructured AlTiCrMoN coatings in a multilayered structure were fabricated using cathodic-arc deposition (CAD). Controlling the cathode current of both CrMo and AlTi alloy targets in a nitrogen environment, multilayered AlTiN/CrMoN coatings were deposited. The AlTiN and AlTiN/CrMoN multilayered coatings exhibit a face-centered cubic (fcc) structure with columnar morphologies. The highest hardness of 35.6 ± 1.5 GPa was obtained for the AlTiN coating; however, the H3/E*2 and H/E* values were the lowest (0.124 and 0.059, respectively). The multilayered AlTiN/CrMoN coatings possessed higher H3/E*2 and H/E* values of up to 0.157 and 0.071, respectively. The present study investigated the cutting performance of end mills in the milling of SUS316L stainless steel. The cutting performance was evaluated in terms of cutting length and tool wear. Because of high resistance to adhesive and abrasive wear, the end mills coated with multilayered AlTiN/CrMoN showed less flank wear than monolithic AlTiN. The introduction of CrMoN sublayers improved the cutting tool life of AlTiN. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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13 pages, 3665 KiB  
Article
Influence of Nitrogen Content and Bias Voltage on Residual Stress and the Tribological and Mechanical Properties of CrAlN Films
by Jian-Fu Tang, Ching-Yen Lin, Fu-Chi Yang and Chi-Lung Chang
Coatings 2020, 10(6), 546; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings10060546 - 07 Jun 2020
Cited by 46 | Viewed by 4171
Abstract
This study deposited CrAlN coatings from Al50Cr50 targets using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering, with a focus on the effects of nitrogen content and substrate bias voltage on the deposition rate, microstructure, crystal orientation, residual stress, and mechanical properties of the [...] Read more.
This study deposited CrAlN coatings from Al50Cr50 targets using high-power impulse magnetron sputtering, with a focus on the effects of nitrogen content and substrate bias voltage on the deposition rate, microstructure, crystal orientation, residual stress, and mechanical properties of the coating. The nitrogen content was adjusted by varying the N2/Ar flow ratio between 20% and 140%. Increasing the nitrogen flow rate during deposition led to corresponding decreases in the deposition rate and film thickness. X-ray diffractometer (XRD) analysis revealed that a low N2/Ar flow ratio (<40%) resulted in amorphous CrAlN, whereas a higher ratio (>40%) resulted in an face-centered cubic (FCC) phase. Bias voltage also had considerable influence on the residual stress and grain size. A refined grain structure and high internal stress resulted in hard CrAlN coatings. Among the various parameter combinations evaluated in this study, the highest hardness (35.4 GPa) and highest elastic modulus (426 GPa) were obtained using an N2/Ar flow ratio of 100% and a bias voltage of −120 V. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Multicomponent and Nanocomposite Hard Coatings: Coating Technologies, Properties and Applications)
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