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Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy
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Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy

A special issue of Current Issues in Molecular Biology (ISSN 1467-3045). This special issue belongs to the section "Molecular Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 July 2025 | Viewed by 6296

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Liang Chen

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Medicine, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
Interests: exosomes; metastatic spinal tumors; spinal trauma; intervertebral disc disease; degenerative spinal diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exosomes are tiny vesicles secreted by cells, with a diameter of about 30–150 nm, containing cell-specific proteins, lipids, and small molecules of nucleic acids, such as miRNA, mRNA, and lncRNA.

In recent years, exosome-mediated intercellular communication has gained extensive attention in the development of human diseases. Many studies confirmed that exosomes have cardioprotective functions similar to stem cells, which can promote angiogenesis, reduce apoptosis, and minimize the damage caused by stress. Exosomes can also be used as drug carriers to treat diseases. Here, we are focus on the role of exosomes in stem cell-based bone regeneration, heart disease, and tumor development.

Dr. Liang Chen
Guest Editor

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Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • exosomes
  • tiny vesicles
  • cell-specific proteins
  • exosome-mediated
  • human diseases

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Published Papers (5 papers)

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Review

16 pages, 750 KiB  
Review
Harnessing Exosomes: A Brief Overview of Nature’s Nanocarriers and a Glimpse into Their Implications in Pituitary Neuroendocrine Tumors (PitNETs)
by Ligia Gabriela Tataranu
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(5), 310; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47050310 - 28 Apr 2025
Viewed by 275
Abstract
The study of exosomes is currently an area of major interest in the scientific world, especially after the discovery of their function as natural nanocarriers. Their intrinsic features in regulating intricate intracellular pathways have put them in the spotlight in the last decade, [...] Read more.
The study of exosomes is currently an area of major interest in the scientific world, especially after the discovery of their function as natural nanocarriers. Their intrinsic features in regulating intricate intracellular pathways have put them in the spotlight in the last decade, and it has been considered that by harnessing them, the future of cellular communication and therapeutic innovation will experience a breakthrough, leading to pioneering research. However, it has been demonstrated that exosomes have various important roles, from conferring resistance to viral infections of the human placenta to transfer of oncogenic signals between cells, reshaping cellular metabolism, promoting angiogenesis, mediating immune evasion, serving as biomarkers in cancer diagnosis and prognosis, and having implications in the therapeutic management of certain diseases. Besides the general overview of exosomes as nature’s nanocarriers and their functions, this article aims to discuss their implications in PitNETs, especially since there have been many recent studies regarding the clinical benefits of biomolecular medicine. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy)
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22 pages, 10336 KiB  
Review
Recent Advances in Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) Biosensors for Exosomes
by Feng Huang, Zhenyu Xie, Qianjiao Zhang, Shah Zada, Ruhan Lin, Yanmei Deng, Qifeng Liu, Huizhi Chen, Hui Zhou, Huilai Miao and Yubin Zhou
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2025, 47(4), 235; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb47040235 - 28 Mar 2025
Viewed by 470
Abstract
Cancer is a significant global health challenge, where early diagnosis is crucial for enhancing patient survival and mitigating the treatment burden on patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released through the fusion of multivesicular bodies with cell membranes, carrying disease-associated information from donor cells. [...] Read more.
Cancer is a significant global health challenge, where early diagnosis is crucial for enhancing patient survival and mitigating the treatment burden on patients. Exosomes are extracellular vesicles released through the fusion of multivesicular bodies with cell membranes, carrying disease-associated information from donor cells. This makes exosomes a key biomarker in liquid biopsy analysis, particularly for early cancer detection. Developing cost-effective, straightforward, and sensitive exosome biosensing technologies is of significant practical importance. To date, a large number of fluorescence-based exosome biosensors have relied on the Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) principle. This review introduces the basic background of the field and the principle of FRET-based exosome sensors, followed by a systematic summary of their progress categorized by different transduction elements or mechanisms. Finally, this work discusses the current challenges in the field and proposes potential solutions and future prospects, aiming to encourage and inspire the development of new approaches for advanced FRET exosome biosensors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy)
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21 pages, 4069 KiB  
Review
Circulating MicroRNAs in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: A Narrative Review
by Marisa Denisse Colin Waldo, Xochipilzihuitl Quintero-Millán, Maria Cristina Negrete-García, Víctor Ruiz, Bettina Sommer, Dámaris P. Romero-Rodríguez and Eduardo Montes-Martínez
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(12), 13746-13766; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46120821 - 4 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1309
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, deathly disease with no recognized effective cure as yet. Furthermore, its diagnosis and differentiation from other diffuse interstitial diseases remain a challenge. Circulating miRNAs have been measured in IPF and have proven to be an adequate [...] Read more.
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, deathly disease with no recognized effective cure as yet. Furthermore, its diagnosis and differentiation from other diffuse interstitial diseases remain a challenge. Circulating miRNAs have been measured in IPF and have proven to be an adequate option as biomarkers for this disease. These miRNAs, released into the circulation outside the cell through exosomes and proteins, play a crucial role in the pathogenic pathways and mechanisms involved in IPF development. This review focuses on the serum/plasma miRNAs reported in IPF that have been validated by real-time PCR and the published evidence regarding the fibrotic process. First, we describe the mechanisms by which miRNAs travel through the circulation (contained in exosomes and bound to proteins), as well as the mechanism by which miRNAs perform their function within the cell. Subsequently, we summarize the evidence concerning miRNAs reported in serum/plasma, where we find contradictory functions in some miRNAs (dual functions in IPF) when comparing the findings in vitro vs. in vivo. The most relevant finding, for instance, the levels of miRNAs let-7d and miR-21 reported in the serum/plasma in IPF, correspond to those found in studies in lung fibroblasts and the murine bleomycin model, reinforcing the usefulness of these miRNAs as future biomarkers in IPF. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy)
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19 pages, 1855 KiB  
Review
Extracellular Vesicle-Derived Non-Coding RNAs: Key Mediators in Remodelling Heart Failure
by Jiayi Zhao and Huang Huang
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(9), 9430-9448; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090559 - 27 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1715
Abstract
Heart failure (HF), a syndrome of persistent development of cardiac insufficiency due to various heart diseases, is a serious and lethal disease for which specific curative therapies are lacking and poses a severe burden on all aspects of global public health. Extracellular vesicles [...] Read more.
Heart failure (HF), a syndrome of persistent development of cardiac insufficiency due to various heart diseases, is a serious and lethal disease for which specific curative therapies are lacking and poses a severe burden on all aspects of global public health. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are essential mediators of intercellular and interorgan communication, and are enclosed nanoscale vesicles carrying biomolecules such as RNA, DNA, and proteins. Recent studies have showed, among other things, that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long ncRNAs (lncRNA), and circular RNAs (circRNAs) can be selectively sorted into EVs and modulate the pathophysiological processes of HF in recipient cells, acting on both healthy and diseased hearts, which makes them promising targets for the diagnosis and therapy of HF. This review aims to explore the mechanism of action of EV-ncRNAs in heart failure, with emphasis on the potential use of differentially expressed miRNAs and circRNAs as biomarkers of cardiovascular disease, and recent research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. Finally, we focus on summarising the latest advances and challenges in engineering EVs for HF, providing novel concepts for the diagnosis and treatment of heart failure. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy)
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17 pages, 1341 KiB  
Review
The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in Bone Regeneration and Associated Bone Diseases
by Xinyue Wan, Wenjie Zhang, Lingyan Dai and Liang Chen
Curr. Issues Mol. Biol. 2024, 46(9), 9269-9285; https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb46090548 - 23 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2069
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, [...] Read more.
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are nanoscale particles with a lipid bilayer membrane structure secreted by various cell types. Nearly all human cells secrete EVs, primarily mediating intercellular communication. In recent years, scientists have discovered that EVs can carry multiple biological cargos, such as DNA, non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), proteins, cytokines, and lipids, and mediate intercellular signal transduction. Bone is a connective tissue with a nerve supply and high vascularization. The repair process after injury is highly complex, involving interactions among multiple cell types and biological signaling pathways. Bone regeneration consists of a series of coordinated osteoconductive and osteoinductive biological processes. As mediators of intercellular communication, EVs can promote bone regeneration by regulating osteoblast-mediated bone formation, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, and other pathways. This review summarizes the biogenesis of EVs and the mechanisms by which EV-mediated intercellular communication promotes bone regeneration. Additionally, we focus on the research progress of EVs in various diseases related to bone regeneration. Finally, based on the above research, we explore the clinical applications of engineered EVs in the diagnosis and treatment of bone regeneration-related diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Exosomes in Tissue Regeneration and Disease Therapy)
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