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Clinical Presentation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Sleep-Disorders in Children and...
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Clinical Presentation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Sleep-Disorders in Children and Adolescents

A special issue of Children (ISSN 2227-9067). This special issue belongs to the section "Pediatric Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 September 2025 | Viewed by 753

Special Issue Editors

Dr. James D. Geyer

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute for Rural Health Research, College of Community Health Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35401, USA
Interests: obstructive sleep apnea; clinical neurophysiology; artificial intelligence; biomedical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Paul R. Carney

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Departments of Child Health and Neurology, University of Missouri, 400 Keene Street, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Interests: children’s health; pediatric sleep medicine; pediatric epilepsy; biomedical engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children and adolescents is a significant public health concern, impacting neurocognitive function, long-term metabolic and cardiovascular health, and overall quality of life. This Special Issue includes articles regarding clinical presentations, epidemiology, diagnostics, and therapeutic interventions for childhood and adolescent OSA. Accurate diagnosis remains crucial, encompassing clinical evaluation, polysomnography (PSG), emerging techniques, and craniofacial imaging. The Special Issue will also include analyses of symptoms associated with OSA, such as excessive daytime sleepiness. Therapeutic strategies range from conservative measures like weight management and lifestyle modifications to definitive interventions such as adenotonsillectomy, continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy, and maxillomandibular advancement (MMA). By focusing this Special Issue on current diagnostic and therapeutic paradigms, we aim to enhance clinical practice and improve outcomes for children and adolescents with OSA.

Furthermore, the current Special Issue welcomes the submission of manuscripts addressing artificial intelligence, social determinants of health, and epidemiology. Research on educational programs for childhood and adolescent OSA will also be accepted.

Dr. James D. Geyer
Prof. Dr. Paul R. Carney
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Children is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • children
  • obstructive sleep apnea
  • epidemiology
  • artificial intelligence
  • excessive sleepiness
  • treatment

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Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

21 pages, 1759 KiB  
Review
Three Decades of Managing Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome: What’s Old, What’s New
by Beatrice Panetti, Claudia Federico, Giuseppe Francesco Sferrazza Papa, Paola Di Filippo, Armando Di Ludovico, Sabrina Di Pillo, Francesco Chiarelli, Alessandra Scaparrotta and Marina Attanasi
Children 2025, 12(7), 919; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12070919 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 531
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children and adolescents is a prevalent and multifactorial disorder associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. While adenotonsillectomy (AT) remains the first-line treatment, a substantial proportion of patients—especially those with obesity, craniofacial anomalies, or comorbid conditions—exhibit [...] Read more.
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in children and adolescents is a prevalent and multifactorial disorder associated with significant short- and long-term health consequences. While adenotonsillectomy (AT) remains the first-line treatment, a substantial proportion of patients—especially those with obesity, craniofacial anomalies, or comorbid conditions—exhibit persistent or recurrent symptoms, underscoring the need for individualized and multimodal approaches. This review provides an updated and comprehensive overview of current and emerging treatments for pediatric OSAS, with a focus on both surgical and non-surgical options, including pharmacological, orthodontic, and myofunctional therapies. A narrative synthesis of recent literature was conducted, including systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, and large cohort studies published in the last 10 years. The review emphasizes evidence-based indications, mechanisms of action, efficacy outcomes, safety profiles, and limitations of each therapeutic modality. Adjunctive and alternative treatments such as rapid maxillary expansion, mandibular advancement devices, myofunctional therapy, intranasal corticosteroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and hypoglossal nerve stimulation show promising results in selected patient populations. Personalized treatment plans based on anatomical, functional, and developmental characteristics are essential to optimize outcomes. Combination therapies appear particularly effective in children with residual disease after AT or with specific phenotypes such as Down syndrome or maxillary constriction. Pediatric OSAS requires a tailored, multidisciplinary approach that evolves with the child’s growth and clinical profile. Understanding the full spectrum of available therapies allows clinicians to move beyond a one-size-fits-all model, offering more precise and durable treatment pathways. Emerging strategies may further redefine the therapeutic landscape in the coming years. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Clinical Presentation, Evaluation, and Treatment of Sleep-Disorders in Children and Adolescents)
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