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Chemosensors
Special Issues
Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application
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Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application

A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "(Bio)chemical Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 March 2025) | Viewed by 15254

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Florina S. Iliescu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies (IMT Bucharest), Voluntari, Romania
Interests: diagnostic and therapeutic methods; microfluidics; biosensors
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Zenovia Moldovan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
Interests: analytical chemistry; statistics; diagnostics
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

It is a great honour to invite you to contribute to this Special Issue, entitled "Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application". Since the first developed system in 1972 and the introduction of the term in the early 1980s, POCT has been widely accepted as a viable and valuable alternative to traditional laboratory-based testing, especially when rapid medical decisions are required or in low-resource and remote settings. Nevertheless, researchers are continuously involved in the process of understanding how new micro- and nanotechnologies could further improve traditional POCT diagnostics. With researchers' contributions to developing new ways of detecting target analytes at small volumes, POCT will be ASSURED (affordable, sensitive, specific, user-friendly, rapid and robust, equipment-free and deliverable to end-users). Eventually, POCT will become an essential tool that can significantly contribute to reduced morbidity, mortality and an increased quality of life. Therefore, we invite you to submit your research studies and help bring POCT to the next level: personalised active disease management.

Dr. Florina S. Iliescu
Dr. Zenovia Moldovan
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Chemosensors is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2000 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • POCT
  • diagnostic
  • microfluidics
  • biosensors
  • antibody
  • immune response
  • prophylaxis

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Published Papers (8 papers)

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Research

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15 pages, 1611 KiB  
Article
Towards the Measurement of Acute-Phase Proteins in Saliva in Farm Conditions: Development and Validation of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Measurement of C-Reactive Protein in Pigs
by Fernando Tecles, Asta Tvarijonaviciute, Simone Cavalera, Fabio Di Nardo, Claudio Baggiani, José Joaquín Cerón, Antonio González-Bulnes, María Elena Goyena, Silvia Martínez-Subiela, Lorena Franco-Martínez and Laura Anfossi
Chemosensors 2025, 13(2), 44; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors13020044 - 2 Feb 2025
Viewed by 989
Abstract
Point-of-care diagnostic tests, such as lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA), have emerged as a fast diagnostic tool in both human and veterinary medicine. In this paper, a gold nanoparticle-based LFIA device was developed for the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) in porcine saliva, using a [...] Read more.
Point-of-care diagnostic tests, such as lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA), have emerged as a fast diagnostic tool in both human and veterinary medicine. In this paper, a gold nanoparticle-based LFIA device was developed for the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) in porcine saliva, using a monoclonal anti-porcine CRP antibody. The dilution ratio for the saliva samples was optimized at 1:5 with an assay buffer. The reaction time was optimized to 20 min, since this provided a positive signal with high CRP concentration saliva samples, but a negative result with an assay buffer or samples with a low CRP concentration. Linear results were observed when two samples with a high CRP concentration were serially diluted. Also, a linear relationship was observed with a validated quantitative method. The assay was precise when samples with high CRP concentration were measured five times in a single assay run. No overlap was observed when samples from healthy and diseased animals were analyzed. The LFIA allowed the detection of high CRP concentrations in porcine saliva samples. The intensity of the result was proportional to the CRP concentration obtained with the quantitative method, allowing for the possible use of the test for semiquantitative purposes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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13 pages, 1717 KiB  
Article
Cleavage Reaction Lateral Flow Assays for Salivary Pepsin Measurement Using a Pepsin-Susceptible Peptide Substrate
by Sung-Woong Kang, Young Ju Lee, Jae-Chul Lee, Young-Gyu Eun and Gi-Ja Lee
Chemosensors 2024, 12(11), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12110241 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1141
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a novel cleavage reaction lateral flow assay (LFA) based on pepsin activity against a pepsin-susceptible peptide (PSP) substrate to detect salivary pepsin. Two types of cleavage reaction LFAs, the within-tube and on-strip cleavage reactions, were prepared based on [...] Read more.
In this study, we introduce a novel cleavage reaction lateral flow assay (LFA) based on pepsin activity against a pepsin-susceptible peptide (PSP) substrate to detect salivary pepsin. Two types of cleavage reaction LFAs, the within-tube and on-strip cleavage reactions, were prepared based on the PSP and pepsin reaction location. In the within-tube cleavage reaction LFA, samples were treated in the microtube within a heating block for 30 min separately and subsequently developed with running buffer in the LFA. For the on-strip cleavage reaction, samples were treated on the reaction zone of the strip within the heating zone of the multifunctional strip cassette for 10 min. After developing the running buffer in the LFA, the assay image was obtained using a universal mobile reader with a multifunctional strip cassette. The within-tube cleavage reaction LFA showed high sensitivity (limit of detection [LOD] 1.9 ng/mL), good specificity, and high reproducibility. This assay exhibited better linearity in the log concentration range of pepsin (4–500 ng/mL) than a commercially available dipstick assay. The on-strip cleavage reaction LFA showed a similar sensitivity (LOD 1.4 ng/mL) to that of the within-tube reaction assay. Therefore, we expect these cleavage reaction LFAs using PSP to be utilized as simple and effective tools to detect salivary pepsin. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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10 pages, 1876 KiB  
Article
Chemiluminescence Immunoassay for Sensitive Detection of C-reactive Protein Using Graphene Oxide–Gold Nanoparticle–Luminol Hybrids as Enhanced Luminogenic Molecules
by Kyung Mi Kim, Phuong Thy Nguyen, Jeemin Kim, Seung Hoo Song, Jin Woo Park and Moon Il Kim
Chemosensors 2024, 12(9), 193; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12090193 - 20 Sep 2024
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1830
Abstract
This study presents the development of luminol and gold nanoparticle co-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-AuNPs-L) hybrids as enhanced luminogenic signaling molecules in the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), a key biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. When compared to free luminol, [...] Read more.
This study presents the development of luminol and gold nanoparticle co-functionalized graphene oxide (GO-AuNPs-L) hybrids as enhanced luminogenic signaling molecules in the chemiluminescence immunoassay (CLIA) for detecting C-reactive protein (CRP), a key biomarker of inflammation and cardiovascular diseases. When compared to free luminol, the GO-AuNPs-L hybrids significantly increased and prolonged the CL signal based on their synergistic enhancement in electron transfer during CL production. Based on the performance, the hybrids were employed as signaling molecules in both well plate-based and lateral flow CLIA platforms, showing substantial improvements in signal intensity and sensitivity in CRP detection. These results highlight the potential of GO-AuNPs-L hybrids as versatile and highly sensitive luminogenic molecules for immunological CRP detection, offering promising applications in clinical laboratory settings as well as in point-of-care diagnostics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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15 pages, 4910 KiB  
Article
Point-of-Care Testing Kit for the Detection of Hexavalent Chromium by Carbohydrazide-Derived Graphitic Carbon Nitride
by Muniyandi Maruthupandi and Nae Yoon Lee
Chemosensors 2024, 12(9), 180; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12090180 - 5 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1842
Abstract
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions are among the most common hazardous metals that pose a serious risk to human health, causing human carcinogenesis and chronic kidney damage. In this study, a point-of-care testing (POCT) kit is proposed for Cr(VI) ions detection at room temperature. [...] Read more.
Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) ions are among the most common hazardous metals that pose a serious risk to human health, causing human carcinogenesis and chronic kidney damage. In this study, a point-of-care testing (POCT) kit is proposed for Cr(VI) ions detection at room temperature. The kit contains a hydrophobic parafilm, a nylon membrane to resist outflow, and a hydrophilic Whatman filter paper suitable for coating the fluorescent graphitic carbon nitride sheet (g-C3N4). Crystalline, nano-porous, blue-emitting g-C3N4 was produced by pyrolysis utilizing carbohydrazide. The electrostatic interactions between the g-C3N4 and Cr(VI) ions inhibit the fluorescence behavior. The POCT kit can be used for on-site Cr(VI) ion detection dependent upon the blue emission value. The detection limit was attained at 4.64 nM of Cr(VI) ions. This analytical methodology was utilized on real samples from tap, pond, river, and industrial wastewater. This POCT kit can be a useful alternative for on-site detection of Cr(VI) ions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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10 pages, 732 KiB  
Article
Portable Sensing Platform for the Visual Detection of Iodide Ions in Food and Clinical Samples
by Aizaz Khan, Ali Turab Jafry, Huma Ajab, Asim Yaqub, Shahaab Jilani, Dildar Hussain and Naseem Abbas
Chemosensors 2024, 12(6), 102; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12060102 - 5 Jun 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1792
Abstract
The detection of iodide ions (I−), despite challenges due to low concentrations and potential masking, is crucial for studying physiological processes and diagnosing diseases. A colorimetric sensor was developed to improve I− ion monitoring and facilitate on-site detection based on [...] Read more.
The detection of iodide ions (I−), despite challenges due to low concentrations and potential masking, is crucial for studying physiological processes and diagnosing diseases. A colorimetric sensor was developed to improve I− ion monitoring and facilitate on-site detection based on filter paper, which is a cost-effective platform. The sensor observed color changes in response to the exposure of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), from colorless to yellowish brown. The sensor demonstrated a detection limit of 0.125 × 10−6 M for I− ions in a relatively wide range of 0.01 to 15 × 10−6 M under optimized conditions including gel concentration, temperature, incubation time, TMB and H2O2 concentration, and pH. Furthermore, the proposed sensor was successfully employed in a variety of applications, such as biological (urine and blood serum), food (egg yolk and snacks), and environmental samples (tap water). The study established effective recoveries in complex media for visual on-site I− ion monitoring, indicating the developed assay as a potent, affordable, and practical platform. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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12 pages, 3870 KiB  
Article
Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Influenza B Virus Employing Nanocomposite Spheres Based on Ag-Doped ZnIn2S4 Quantum Dots
by Jia-Xuan Hu, Li-Bang Zhu, Sheng-Tong Wu and Shou-Nian Ding
Chemosensors 2024, 12(4), 68; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12040068 - 19 Apr 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2108
Abstract
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology serves a significant role as a simple and rapid biosensor in the detection of influenza viruses. The focus of this study is the development of a rapid and convenient screening method for influenza B virus (IBV) proteins using [...] Read more.
Lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) technology serves a significant role as a simple and rapid biosensor in the detection of influenza viruses. The focus of this study is the development of a rapid and convenient screening method for influenza B virus (IBV) proteins using a fluorescence lateral flow biosensor based on Ag-doped ZnIn2S4 quantum dots (Ag: ZIS QDs) as signal reporters. These Ag: ZIS QDs-emitting orange fluorescence are loaded onto dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) and are further coated with a layer of silica shell to form a core–shell structured composite nanomaterial (SiO2 @ Ag: ZIS QDs @ DMSNs). The orange fluorescence effectively eliminates the interference of blue background fluorescence, significantly enhancing the detection sensitivity. This technology demonstrates outstanding performance in the immediate detection of IBV, with a minimum detection limit of 1 ng/mL, compared to the traditional colloidal gold strip with a detection limit of 6 ng/mL. Furthermore, both intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CV) are less than 9%. This method holds promise for wide application in early diagnosis, epidemiological investigation, and epidemic surveillance of IBV. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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Review

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18 pages, 1591 KiB  
Review
µ-NMR Technology for Biomedical Applications: A Review
by Beatriz Sequeira-Antunes and Hugo Alexandre Ferreira
Chemosensors 2024, 12(12), 248; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12120248 - 27 Nov 2024
Viewed by 1530
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a versatile method that non-invasively provides detailed insights into the atomic and molecular information of samples containing non-zero spin nuclei, facilitating observations of their structure, dynamics, and interactions. By miniaturizing NMR systems, micro-NMR (µ-NMR) devices overcome the limitations [...] Read more.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a versatile method that non-invasively provides detailed insights into the atomic and molecular information of samples containing non-zero spin nuclei, facilitating observations of their structure, dynamics, and interactions. By miniaturizing NMR systems, micro-NMR (µ-NMR) devices overcome the limitations of traditional bulky NMR instruments, making them more portable, cost-effective, and suitable for a wide range of applications. As such, this review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the recent advancements and potential applications of µ-NMR in the field of biomedicine. Beginning with an overview of the principles underlying NMR, this paper explains the fundamental concepts essential for understanding µ-NMR technology. It then delves into miniaturization techniques, detailing advancements in microcoils and probes and the development and integration with microfluidics, which have enhanced the sensitivity, portability, and versatility of µ-NMR devices. Ultimately, this review discusses the current biomedical applications of µ-NMR, including molecular imaging, metabolomics, biomarker detection, and point-of-care diagnosis, and highlights the potential of this technology to revolutionize precision medicine and healthcare. Despite the promising applications, challenges such as sensitivity, spectral resolution, and integration with other technologies are discussed, along with recent advances and innovations aimed at addressing these limitations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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33 pages, 6915 KiB  
Review
Conventional and Emerging Diagnostic Approaches for Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma
by Kathelina Kristollari, Abraham Abbey Paul, Sagi Angel and Robert S. Marks
Chemosensors 2024, 12(11), 229; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors12110229 - 1 Nov 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2778
Abstract
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is among the most prevalent endocrine cancers. The diagnosis of DTC has witnessed tremendous progress in terms of technological advancement and clinical operational guidelines. DTC diagnostics have evolved significantly over centuries, from early clinical examinations to modern molecular testing [...] Read more.
Differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) is among the most prevalent endocrine cancers. The diagnosis of DTC has witnessed tremendous progress in terms of technological advancement and clinical operational guidelines. DTC diagnostics have evolved significantly over centuries, from early clinical examinations to modern molecular testing and imaging modalities. The diagnosis and management of DTC are currently dependent on the international histological classification and identification of specific genetic abnormalities in tumor tissue, as well as the prognostic implications that can inform treatment decisions. This study goes down the memory lanes of various diagnostic methods for DTCs, highlighting recent advancements in molecular testing and point-of-care (POC) technology. Beginning with conventional methods like fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC), and ultrasound (US) and moving to contemporary innovative approaches such as POC-thyroglobulin (POC-Tg) and liquid biopsy, this review showcases the current trends in DTC diagnostics. Although considerable progress has been achieved in early malignancy detection, patient stratification, prognosis, and personalized treatment, there is a need to refine the mainstay diagnostic procedures. Finally, future perspectives were provided, and emerging roles of artificial intelligence in DTC diagnostics were explored. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rapid Point-of-Care Testing Technology and Application)
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