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The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials

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A special issue of Chemosensors (ISSN 2227-9040). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials for Chemical Sensing".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2023) | Viewed by 13038

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Special Issue Editor

Dr. José Roberto Siqueira Junior

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Guest Editor

Laboratory of Applied Nanomaterials and Nanostructures (LANNA), Institute of Exact Sciences, Natural and Education (ICENE), Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro (UFTM), Av. Randolfo Borges Junior, 1400, Univerdercidade 38064-200, Uberaba, MG, Brazil
Interests: multifunctional devices; nanostructured films; nanomaterials; sensors; biosensors

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The integration of nanomaterials is important in the development of new sensors and biosensors aimed at specific detection or diagnosis for environmental or clinical environments. Graphene and other carbon structures, metallic particles and metallic oxides are some examples of materials manipulated at the nanometric scale that have drawn attention due to their physical–chemical properties and biocompatibility, as they allow them to be incorporated or complexed with other substances or compounds to form specific recognition elements (sensor units) on the surface of a sensor device. Thus, the study of electrochemical sensors and biosensors is one of the main and most-used research methods to create and develop new concepts of sensor devices with sensitivity and detection limits compatible with the values found by methods that demand the use of more sophisticated equipment. This Special Issue brings a collection of current research that addresses the use of different types of nanomaterials investigated in electrochemical sensors and biosensors and their advantages for detecting or diagnosing different substances of medical and environmental interest.

Dr. José Roberto Siqueira Junior
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Keywords

nanomaterials
electrochemical (bio)sensors
sensing units
nanostructured films
clinical diagnostic
environmental detection

Published Papers (6 papers)

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Research

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11 pages, 6864 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Layer-by-Layer Film Based on Sn₃O₄ Nanobelts as Sensing Units to Detect Heavy Metals Using a Capacitive Field-Effect Sensor Platform

by Paulo V. Morais, Pedro H. Suman, Michael J. Schöning, José R. Siqueira, Jr. and Marcelo O. Orlandi

Chemosensors 2023, 11(8), 436; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11080436 - 05 Aug 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 934

Abstract

Lead and nickel, as heavy metals, are still used in industrial processes, and are classified as “environmental health hazards” due to their toxicity and polluting potential. The detection of heavy metals can prevent environmental pollution at toxic levels that are critical to human health. In this sense, the electrolyte–insulator–semiconductor (EIS) field-effect sensor is an attractive sensing platform concerning the fabrication of reusable and robust sensors to detect such substances. This study is aimed to fabricate a sensing unit on an EIS device based on Sn₃O₄ nanobelts embedded in a polyelectrolyte matrix of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) technique. The EIS-Sn₃O₄ sensor exhibited enhanced electrochemical performance for detecting Pb²⁺ and Ni²⁺ ions, revealing a higher affinity for Pb²⁺ ions, with sensitivities of ca. 25.8 mV/decade and 2.4 mV/decade, respectively. Such results indicate that Sn₃O₄ nanobelts can contemplate a feasible proof-of-concept capacitive field-effect sensor for heavy metal detection, envisaging other future studies focusing on environmental monitoring. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials)

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12 pages, 4197 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Fluorescence Evolution of Gold Nanoclusters in the Presence of Shapely Silver Nanoparticles and UV-Vis Light

by Jui-Chang Chen, Wen-Chuan Hsiao, Chen-Yu Hsu, Bo-Hao Huang and Cheng-Liang Huang

Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050279 - 06 May 2023

Viewed by 1507

Abstract

Gold nanoclusters (Au NCs) belong to a class of materials that is highly fluorescent and biocompatible. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) protected gold nanoclusters (BSA-Au NCs) have been extensively used in biological applications due to their easy synthesis and relatively high quantum yield. Therefore, understanding the behavior of BSA-Au NCs in different chemical and physical environments is essential to enhance their application in biological systems. In this study, we investigated the effect of plasmonic nanostructures with different localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) wavelengths on the behavior of BSA-Au NCs by recording time-dependent fluorescence spectra in the presence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) with various shapes. However, we did not observe any conclusive LSPR-wavelength-dependent fluorescent behavior. Additionally, the fluorescence intensity of BSA-Au NCs exhibited gradual decay under light excitation, even at several hundred μW/cm² in a fluorescence spectrometer, indicating that they are not as photostable as previously assumed. We found further that the photostability of BSA-Au NCs is affected by the wavelength of the incident light (370, 420, 480, and 550 nm), which can be accurately described using bi-exponential decay functions. Our study provides an easy in situ method to evaluate the photostability of Au NCs under different-wavelength light irradiation using a commercial fluorescence spectrometer. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials)

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14 pages, 3003 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antimonene-Modified Screen-Printed Carbon Nanofibers Electrode for Enhanced Electroanalytical Response of Metal Ions

by María A. Tapia, Clara Pérez-Ràfols, Filipa M. Oliveira, Rui Gusmão, Núria Serrano, Zdeněk Sofer and José Manuel Díaz-Cruz

Chemosensors 2023, 11(4), 219; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11040219 - 01 Apr 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1588

Abstract

A two-dimensional (2D) Sb-modified screen-printed carbon nanofibers electrode (2D Sb_exf-SPCNFE) was developed to improve the stripping voltammetric determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II), taking advantage of the synergistic effect between the two nanomaterials. The surface morphology of the 2D Sb_exf-SPCNFE was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The analytical performance of 2D Sb_exf-SPCNFE was compared to those presented by screen-printed carbon electrodes modified with 2D Sb_exf (2D Sb_exf-SPCE) and the corresponding bare electrodes: screen-printed carbon nanofibers electrode (SPCNFE_bare) and screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE_bare). After optimizing the experimental conditions, the 2D Sb_exf-SPCNFE exhibited much better analytical parameters compared to the other assessed sensors. Analysis in 0.01 mol L⁻¹ HCl (pH = 2) using 2D Sb_exf-SPCNFE showed excellent linear behavior in the concentration range of 2.9 to 85.0 µg L⁻¹ and 0.3 to 82.0 µg L⁻¹ for Cd(II) and Pb(II), respectively. The limits of detection after 240 s deposition time for Cd(II) and Pb(II) were 0.9 and 0.1 µg L⁻¹, and sensitivities between 1.5 and 3 times higher than those displayed by SPCE_bare, SPCNFE_bare, and 2D Sb_exf-SPCE were obtained. Finally, the 2D Sb_exf-SPCNFE was successfully applied to the determination of Cd(II) and Pb(II) traces in a certified estuarine water sample. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials)

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Review

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18 pages, 4725 KiB

Open AccessReview

Recent Advances for Imidacloprid Detection Based on Functional Nanomaterials

by Shu Chen, Yawen Wang, Xiuli Liu and Longhua Ding

Chemosensors 2023, 11(5), 300; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors11050300 - 18 May 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1518

Abstract

Imidacloprid (IMI) has been applied in agricultural production to prevent pests. It is vital to detect IMI residues with high sensitivity for food safety. In general, nanomaterials have driven the development of highly sensitive sensing platforms owing to their unique physical and chemical properties. Nanomaterials play important roles in the construction of high-performance sensors, mainly through sample pretreatment and purification, recognition molecules immobilization, signal amplification, and providing catalytic active sites. This review addresses the advances in IMI sensors based on the combination of nanomaterials and various analytical techniques. The design principles and performance of different chromatographic, electrochemical, and fabricated optical sensors coupled with nanomaterials are discussed. Finally, the challenges and prospects of sensors based on nanomaterials for IMI analysis have also been incorporated. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials)

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24 pages, 2300 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

Progress in Electrochemical Biosensing of SARS-CoV-2 Virus for COVID-19 Management

by Md. Mahbubur Rahman

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070287 - 20 Jul 2022

Cited by 23 | Viewed by 2913

Abstract

Rapid and early diagnosis of lethal coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is an important issue considering global human health, economy, education, and other activities. The advancement of understanding of the chemistry/biochemistry and the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus has led to the development of low-cost, efficient, and reliable methods for COVID-19 diagnosis over “gold standard” real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) due to its several limitations. This led to the development of electrochemical sensors/biosensors for rapid, fast, and low-cost detection of the SARS-CoV-2 virus from the patient’s biological fluids by detecting the components of the virus, including structural proteins (antigens), nucleic acid, and antibodies created after COVID-19 infection. This review comprehensively summarizes the state-of-the-art research progress of electrochemical biosensors for COVID-19 diagnosis. They include the detection of spike protein, nucleocapsid protein, whole virus, nucleic acid, and antibodies. The review also outlines the structure of the SARS-CoV-2 virus, different detection methods, and design strategies of electrochemical SARS-CoV-2 biosensors by highlighting the current challenges and future perspectives. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials)

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47 pages, 3612 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

A Review on Potential Electrochemical Point-of-Care Tests Targeting Pandemic Infectious Disease Detection: COVID-19 as a Reference

by Gokul Chandra Biswas, Swapnila Choudhury, Mohammad Mahbub Rabbani and Jagotamoy Das

Chemosensors 2022, 10(7), 269; https://doi.org/10.3390/chemosensors10070269 - 11 Jul 2022

Cited by 26 | Viewed by 3992

Abstract

Fast and accurate point-of-care testing (POCT) of infectious diseases is crucial for diminishing the pandemic miseries. To fight the pandemic coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), numerous interesting electrochemical point-of-care (POC) tests have been evolved to rapidly identify the causal organism SARS-CoV-2 virus, its nucleic acid and antigens, and antibodies of the patients. Many of those electrochemical biosensors are impressive in terms of miniaturization, mass production, ease of use, and speed of test, and they could be recommended for future applications in pandemic-like circumstances. On the other hand, self-diagnosis, sensitivity, specificity, surface chemistry, electrochemical components, device configuration, portability, small analyzers, and other features of the tests can yet be improved. Therefore, this report reviews the developmental trend of electrochemical POC tests (i.e., test platforms and features) reported for the rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 and correlates any significant advancements with relevant references. POCTs incorporating microfluidic/plastic chips, paper devices, nanomaterial-aided platforms, smartphone integration, self-diagnosis, and epidemiological reporting attributes are also surfed to help with future pandemic preparedness. This review especially screens the low-cost and easily affordable setups so that management of pandemic disease becomes faster and easier. Overall, the review is a wide-ranging package for finding appropriate strategies of electrochemical POCT targeting pandemic infectious disease detection. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Application of Electrochemical Sensors or Biosensors Based on Nanomaterials)

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