The Role of Stem Cells in Retinal Conditions

A special issue of Cells (ISSN 2073-4409). This special issue belongs to the section "Stem Cells".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 August 2026 | Viewed by 2708

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 541 24 Thessaloniki, Greece
2. Division of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham NG7 2UH, UK
Interests: ophthalmology; retina; vitreoretinal surgery; medical retina; molecular biology in ophthalmology; ocular pharmacology; ophthalmic surgery; biomarkers
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Stoneygate Eye Hospital, 376 London Road, Leicester LE2 2PN, UK
Interests: retinal conditions; stem cells; gene therapy; retinal pharmacology; ophthalmology; clinical trials
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Guest Editor
Ophthalmology Department, University of Padova, Via Nicolò Giustiniani, 2, 35128 Padova, Italy
Interests: macular hole; macular degeneration; retinal detachment; epiretinal membrane; diabetic retinopathy
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Stem cells have emerged as a promising therapeutic avenue for a range of retinal conditions, offering hope for diseases previously deemed untreatable. Retinal conditions, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD), retinitis pigmentosa and diabetic retinopathy, lead to significant vision loss and affect millions globally. The ability of stem cells to differentiate into retinal cells presents a groundbreaking opportunity for regenerative medicine, aiming to restore or preserve vision.

Despite significant advances in gene therapy for the treatment of primarily inherited retinal diseases (IRDs) and the approval of the first gene therapy AAV8 subretinal vector Luxturna (Voretigene Neparvovec), there are significant limitations in delivery (subretinal) and outcomes (functional improvements). Stem cell treatments could potentially address these limitations across a larger spectrum of retinal conditions.

This Special Issue explores the latest advancements in this field. It encompasses various types of stem cells, such as embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and adult stem cells, each offering unique potentials and challenges. The Special Issue examines the mechanisms of retinal cell differentiation, the integration of these cells into existing retinal structures and the functional restoration of vision.

The importance of this research lies in its potential to transform the landscape of retinal disease treatment. Stem cell therapy promises not only to halt the progression of retinal degeneration, but also regenerate damaged tissues, offering a beacon of hope for patients. This Special Issue highlights preclinical studies, clinical trials and the translational journey from bench to bedside, underscoring the challenges and ethical considerations in stem cell research.

The goal of this Special Issue is to provide a comprehensive overview of current research, stimulate discussion on future directions and encourage collaboration across disciplines. By bridging the gaps between basic science, clinical application and bioethics, it aims to accelerate the development of effective stem cell-based therapies for retinal conditions.

You may choose our Joint Special Issue in Life.

Dr. Georgios Panos
Dr. Theo Empeslidis
Dr. Lorenzo Motta
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • stem cells
  • retinal conditions
  • regenerative medicine
  • age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
  • retinitis pigmentosa
  • diabetic retinopathy
  • induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
  • cell differentiation
  • vision restoration
  • clinical trials

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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17 pages, 2945 KB  
Article
Direct Conversion of Mouse Fibroblasts into Photoreceptor-like Cells
by Jia Xie, Sam Enayati, Dong Feng Chen, Jianwei Jiao and Liu Yang
Cells 2026, 15(4), 320; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15040320 - 9 Feb 2026
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Abstract
The purpose of our study is to explore the potential of a transcription factor-based strategy for directly converting mouse fibroblasts into photoreceptor-like cells. The mouse cDNAs of Ascl, Crx, Ngn1, Nrl, and Otx2 were cloned into a modified commercial [...] Read more.
The purpose of our study is to explore the potential of a transcription factor-based strategy for directly converting mouse fibroblasts into photoreceptor-like cells. The mouse cDNAs of Ascl, Crx, Ngn1, Nrl, and Otx2 were cloned into a modified commercial adenoviral vector. Mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) were isolated from E13.5 embryos, and mouse postnatal fibroblasts (MPFs) were isolated from three-day-old mice. A pool of adenoviruses containing five genes was prepared to infect MEFs or MPFs once daily for two days. The MEFs or MPFs were incubated in a specific medium supplemented with forskolin and were changed every two days. After 7 or 14 days, the photoreceptor-like cells were assayed via immunofluorescence or polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (RT–PCR). The photoreceptor-like cells were then transplanted into adult C57BL/6 mouse retinas and were assessed by immunofluorescence 14 days following transplantation. Screening from a pool of five candidate genes, we reported that a combination of only three factors—Crx, Nrl, and Otx2—was sufficient to convert mouse embryonic and postnatal fibroblasts into photoreceptor-like cells. The induced photoreceptor-like cells expressed photoreceptor-specific proteins such as Recoverin, Rhodopsin, and Opsin and integrated into the outer nuclear layer of the retina following transplantation. This exploratory study provides preliminary evidence that fibroblasts can be directly converted into photoreceptor-like cells, suggesting a cellular model and potential source for future transplantation strategies aimed at retinal repair. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Stem Cells in Retinal Conditions)
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Review

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42 pages, 8840 KB  
Review
CRISPR and Beyond: Genome-Editing Strategies in Retinal Stem Cell Research
by Małgorzata Woronkowicz, Maya Natasha Thomas, Sarah Jacqueline Saram, Amanda-Jayne F. Carr, Ana Alonso-Carriazo Fernandez, Zaynab Butt, Piotr Skopiński and Conor M. Ramsden
Cells 2026, 15(6), 489; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells15060489 - 10 Mar 2026
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Abstract
Genome editing has emerged as a transformative approach for understanding and treating retinal degenerative diseases. Combining this technology with pluripotent stem cells provides an ideal platform for modeling human development and disease, and investigating emerging therapeutic strategies ultimately aimed towards in vivo correction. [...] Read more.
Genome editing has emerged as a transformative approach for understanding and treating retinal degenerative diseases. Combining this technology with pluripotent stem cells provides an ideal platform for modeling human development and disease, and investigating emerging therapeutic strategies ultimately aimed towards in vivo correction. This approach enables both functional studies to understand retinal degeneration and the early development of targeted therapies for inherited disease. This review offers a comprehensive overview of genome-editing techniques and the ability to create new clinically relevant models to understand human disease in retinal research, focusing on the use of the CRISPR-Cas9 system in induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and embryonic stem cells (ESCs), as well as highlighting recent advancements in base and prime editing. Gene editing in various retinal diseases is discussed in context of studies focusing on disease modeling or developing therapeutic strategies. Continued refinement of these techniques will be essential for advancing translational applications in retinal disease treatment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Role of Stem Cells in Retinal Conditions)
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