Carbon and Related Composites for Sensors and Energy Storage: Synthesis, Properties, and Application (2nd Edition)

A special issue of C (ISSN 2311-5629). This special issue belongs to the section "Carbon Materials and Carbon Allotropes".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 25 November 2025 | Viewed by 2052

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, TEMA-Center for Mechanical Technology and Automation, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: high-k dielectrics; thin films; energy storage devices; aerogels; carbon-based materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Centre for Mechanical Technology and Automation, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
Interests: graphene-based porous structures for heterogeneous catalysis (catalysis) and water purification (environment); three-dimensional graphene scaffolds for biomedical applications (biomaterials); nanostructured graphene substrates for selective biomolecules detection (sensors); carbon-based nanoplatforms for detection and therapy of cancer cells (therapeutic agent)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Carbon and carbon nanomaterials, including 0D quantum dots, fullerenes, 1D carbon nanotubes, 2D graphene, reduced graphene oxide, and other carbon-related nanostructures, have shown unique morphological, electrical, thermal, mechanical, electromechanical, and electromagnetic properties and can be used for a wide range of applications. Highly conductive graphene materials are used for chemical and thermal sensors, while composites with carbon-related materials have been used for energy storage in a variety of electrochemical capacitors (supercapacitors) and batteries. Meanwhile, functionalized carbon nanostructures remain a popular topic.

We invite you to contribute original experimental and theoretical full-length research articles, short communications, and review articles to the forthcoming Special Issue titled “Carbon and Related Composites for Sensors and Energy Storage: Synthesis, Properties, and Application (2nd Edition)” in C—Journal of Carbon Research. The first edition included 19 publications and had more than 70,000 views.

This Special Issue aims to present and disseminate recent advances in the synthesis and functionalization/modification of carbon-based nanomaterials and nanostructures and their characterization techniques, including chemical and physical techniques. This will help other researchers to quickly find related publications and compare them with their own work on carbon nanostructures.

The proposed topics in this Special Issue include (but are not limited to) the following:

  1. Carbon-related materials, such as carbon, graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide,  nanodiamonds, nanodots, nanohorns, nanotubes, and nanoribbon;
  2. Synthesis methods, including surface functionalization and materials with large surface areas;
  3. Characterization techniques, including microstructural analysis, and chemical, physical, and electrochemical properties;
  4. Applications in sensors and energy-harvesting systems. 

Dr. Olena Okhay
Dr. Gil Goncalves
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. C is an international peer-reviewed open access quarterly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 1600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • graphene
  • graphene oxide
  • reduced graphene oxide
  • nanodiamonds
  • nanodots
  • nanohorns
  • nanotubes
  • nanoribbon
  • surface functionalization
  • high surface area materials
  • microstructural analysis
  • chemical and physical properties
  • electrochemical properties
  • sensors
  • energy-harvesting systems

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

11 pages, 2969 KiB  
Article
First-Principles Study of CO, C2H2, and C2H4 Adsorption on Penta-Graphene for Transformer Oil Gas Sensing Applications
by Min-Qi Zhu and Xue-Feng Wang
C 2025, 11(3), 49; https://doi.org/10.3390/c11030049 - 9 Jul 2025
Viewed by 238
Abstract
Penta-graphene, a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope entirely composed of pentagonal carbon rings, has attracted increasing attention due to its unique geometric structure, mechanical robustness, and intrinsic semiconducting nature. In this study, we systematically investigate the adsorption behavior of three typical dissolved gases in [...] Read more.
Penta-graphene, a novel two-dimensional carbon allotrope entirely composed of pentagonal carbon rings, has attracted increasing attention due to its unique geometric structure, mechanical robustness, and intrinsic semiconducting nature. In this study, we systematically investigate the adsorption behavior of three typical dissolved gases in transformer oil (CO, C2H2, and C2H4) on penta-graphene using first-principles calculations based on density functional theory. The optimized adsorption configuration, adsorption energy, charge transfer, adsorption distance, band structure, density of states, charge density difference, and desorption time are analyzed to evaluate the sensing capability of penta-graphene. Results reveal that penta-graphene exhibits moderate chemical interactions with CO and C2H2, accompanied by noticeable charge transfer and band structure changes, whereas C2H4 shows weaker physisorption characteristics. The projected density of states analysis further confirms the orbital hybridization between gas molecules and the substrate. Additionally, the desorption time calculations suggest that penta-graphene possesses good sensing and recovery potential, especially under elevated temperatures. These findings indicate that penta-graphene is a promising candidate for use in gas sensing applications related to the monitoring of dissolved gases in transformer oils. Full article
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18 pages, 3754 KiB  
Article
N, S-Doped Carbon Dots (N, S-CDs) for Perfluorooctane Sulfonic Acid (PFOS) Detection
by Hani Nasser Abdelhamid
C 2025, 11(2), 36; https://doi.org/10.3390/c11020036 - 29 May 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1442
Abstract
Nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were synthesized using a simple, eco-friendly hydrothermal technique with L-cysteine as the precursor. The synthesis approach produced highly water-dispersible, heteroatom-doped CDs with surface functional groups comprising amine, carboxyl, thiol, and sulfonic acid. Data analysis of X-ray [...] Read more.
Nitrogen and sulfur-co-doped carbon dots (N, S-CDs) were synthesized using a simple, eco-friendly hydrothermal technique with L-cysteine as the precursor. The synthesis approach produced highly water-dispersible, heteroatom-doped CDs with surface functional groups comprising amine, carboxyl, thiol, and sulfonic acid. Data analysis of X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) confirmed their amorphous nature, nanoscale dimensions (1–8 nm, average particle size of 2.6 nm), and surface chemistry. Optical examination revealed intense and pure blue fluorescence emission under UV excitation, with excitation-dependent emission behavior attributed to surface defects and heteroatom doping. The N, S-CDs were applied as fluorescent probes for detecting perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS), a notable component of the perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) family, demonstrating pronounced and concentration-dependent fluorescence quenching. A linear detection range of 3.33–20 µM and a limit of detection (LOD) of 2 µM were reported using the N, S-CDs probe. UV-Vis spectral shifts and dye-interaction investigations indicated that the sensing mechanism is regulated by non-covalent interactions, primarily electrostatic and hydrophobic forces. These findings confirm the potential of N, S-CDs to be used as effective optical sensors for detecting PFOS in environmental monitoring applications. Full article
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