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Cancers
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Pathology of Gynecologic Cancer
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Pathology of Gynecologic Cancer

A special issue of Cancers (ISSN 2072-6694). This special issue belongs to the section "Cancer Pathophysiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (5 September 2024) | Viewed by 7205

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Koen K.B.T. Van de Vijver

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Pathology, Ghent University Hospital, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
Interests: gynecological pathology; breast pathology; cytology; infectious pathology
Dr. Christianne Lok

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Center Gynaecologic Oncology Amsterdam, Location Antoni van Leeuwenhoek - The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Interests: gestational trophoblastic disease; cancer in pregnancy; rare gynaecologic cancers and development and treatment of ovarian cancer

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Cancer is one of the most fatal diseases globally, and gynecologic-associated cancers are a huge burden on families and society that affect women of reproductive age in the modern world. In the meantime, it is necessary to quickly develop effective screening methods, diagnoses, and proper treatment as well as care strategies to preserve the fertility of women with gynecologic cancer.

New biomarkers are not only prognostic and predictive, but often have an extended diagnostic use as well. This Special Issue wants to address biomarkers in both tumors and their microenvironments, detected by either routine immunohistochemical tools or by the innovative implementation of artificial intelligence and machine learning in pathology diagnoses. The identification of these novel biomarkers and techniques enables the pathologist to play an active role in multidisciplinary decision making to support gynecological oncologists in choosing the best treatments for their patients. 

The aim of this Special Issue is to focus on publishing high-quality works that are related to the pathology of gynecologic oncology and its diagnosis, treatment, care, and related diagnostic as well as therapeutic strategies.

Prof. Dr. Koen K.B.T. Van de Vijver
Dr. Christianne Lok
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Cancers is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • gynecologic cancer
  • oncology
  • pathology
  • screening
  • diagnosis
  • treatment
  • microenvironment
  • artificial intelligence
  • deep learning

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 5765 KiB  
Article
Eosinophilic Cells in Ovarian Borderline Serous Tumors as a Predictor of BRAF Mutation
by Alina Badlaeva, Anna Tregubova, Andrea Palicelli and Aleksandra Asaturova
Cancers 2024, 16(13), 2322; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16132322 - 25 Jun 2024
Viewed by 991
Abstract
According to recent reports, ovarian serous borderline tumor (SBT) harboring the BRAF V600E mutation is associated with a lower risk of progression to low-grade serous carcinoma. Preliminary observations suggest that there may be an association between eosinophilic cells (ECs) and the above-mentioned mutation, [...] Read more.
According to recent reports, ovarian serous borderline tumor (SBT) harboring the BRAF V600E mutation is associated with a lower risk of progression to low-grade serous carcinoma. Preliminary observations suggest that there may be an association between eosinophilic cells (ECs) and the above-mentioned mutation, so this study aimed to evaluate interobserver reproducibility for assessing ECs. Forty-two samples of SBTs were analyzed for ECs with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm. Immunohistochemical staining and genetic pro-filing were performed in all cases to verify the BRAF V600E mutation. A BRAF V600E mutation was found in 19 of 42 (45%) cases. Inter-observer reproducibility in the assessment of ECs was substantial (κ = 0.7). The sensitivity and specificity for predicting the mutation were 79% and 91%, respectively. Patients with BRAF-mutated SBTs were significantly younger than those without mutation (p = 0.005). SBTs with BRAF mutation were less likely to be accompanied by non-invasive implants than wild-type SBT: 12% (2/17) versus 33% (6/18). Seven cases were excluded due to incomplete cytoreductive surgery. Nevertheless, Fisher’s exact test showed no significant differences between the two groups (p = 0.228). Overall, this study strengthens the idea that ECs in ovarian SBTs may represent a mutation with prognostic significance, which can serve as a primary screening test for BRAF V600E mutation in this pathologic entity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Gynecologic Cancer)
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14 pages, 1437 KiB  
Article
Enhanced Risk Stratification in Early-Stage Endometrial Cancer: Integrating POLE through Droplet Digital PCR and L1CAM
by Seungyeon Joe, Miseon Lee, Jun Kang, Joori Kim, Sook-Hee Hong, Sung Jong Lee, Keun Ho Lee and Ahwon Lee
Cancers 2023, 15(19), 4899; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15194899 - 9 Oct 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1749
Abstract
Aim: In order to enhance risk stratification in early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), we conducted molecular classification using surrogate markers, including the POLE droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and L1CAM immunohistochemistry (IHC). Method: We analyzed archival tumor tissue from 183 early-stage EC patients. [...] Read more.
Aim: In order to enhance risk stratification in early-stage endometrial cancer (EC), we conducted molecular classification using surrogate markers, including the POLE droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) and L1CAM immunohistochemistry (IHC). Method: We analyzed archival tumor tissue from 183 early-stage EC patients. POLE pathogenic mutations of P286R, V411L, S297F, A456P, and S459F within exons 9, 13, and 14 were detected using a ddPCR, while the mismatch repair (MMR) status was determined by MMR protein IHC and MSI tests. Additionally, we conducted IHC for p53 and L1CAM. Results: The 183 ECs were categorized into four subgroups: POLE-mutated (15.9%), MMR-deficient (29.0%), p53-abnormal (8.7%), and non-specific molecular profile (NSMP, 46.4%). We further subcategorized the NSMP subgroup into NSMP-L1CAMneg (41.5%) and NSMP-L1CAMpos (4.9%), which we refer to as the molecular L1CAM classification. The molecular L1CAM classification was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (p < 0.001, each). Conclusion: Integrating molecular L1CAM classification can enhance risk stratification in early-stage EC, providing valuable prognostic information to guide treatment decisions and improve patient outcomes. POLE ddPCR might be a cost-effective and easy-to-perform test as an alternative to POLE NGS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Gynecologic Cancer)
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17 pages, 1272 KiB  
Article
Homologous Recombination Deficiency and Cyclin E1 Amplification Are Correlated with Immune Cell Infiltration and Survival in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer
by Lilian van Wagensveld, Juliette O. A. M. van Baal, Maite Timmermans, Duco Gaillard, Lauri Borghuis, Seth B. Coffelt, Efraim H. Rosenberg, Christianne A. R. Lok, Hans W. Nijman, Loes F. S. Kooreman, Joyce Sanders, Marco de Bruijn, Lodewyk F. A. Wessels, Rianne van der Wiel, Christian Rausch, Annegien Broeks, Roy F. P. M. Kruitwagen, Maaike A. van der Aa, Gabe S. Sonke, Philip C. Schouten, Koen K. Van de Vijver and Hugo M. Horlingsadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Cancers 2022, 14(23), 5965; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers14235965 - 2 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2630
Abstract
Background: How molecular profiles are associated with tumor microenvironment (TME) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is incompletely understood. Therefore, we analyzed the TME and molecular profiles of HGSOC and assessed their associations with overall survival (OS). Methods: Patients with advanced-stage HGSOC treated [...] Read more.
Background: How molecular profiles are associated with tumor microenvironment (TME) in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) is incompletely understood. Therefore, we analyzed the TME and molecular profiles of HGSOC and assessed their associations with overall survival (OS). Methods: Patients with advanced-stage HGSOC treated in three Dutch hospitals between 2008–2015 were included. Patient data were collected from medical records. BRCA1/2 mutation, BRCA1 promotor methylation analyses, and copy number variations were used to define molecular profiles. Immune cells were assessed with immunohistochemical staining. Results: 348 patients were categorized as BRCA mutation (BRCAm) (BRCAm or promotor methylation) (30%), non-BRCA mutated HRD (19%), Cyclin E1 (CCNE1)-amplification (13%), non-BRCAmut HRD and CCNE1-amplification (double classifier) (20%), and no specific molecular profile (NSMP) (18%). BRCAm showed highest immune cell densities and CCNE1-amplification lowest. BRCAm showed the most favorable OS (52.5 months), compared to non-BRCAmut HRD (41.0 months), CCNE1-amplification (28.0 months), double classifier (27.8 months), and NSMP (35.4 months). Higher immune cell densities showed a favorable OS compared to lower, also within the profiles. CD8+, CD20+, and CD103+ cells remained associated with OS in multivariable analysis. Conclusions: Molecular profiles and TME are associated with OS. TME differs per profile, with higher immune cell densities showing a favorable OS, even within the profiles. HGSOC does not reflect one entity but comprises different entities based on molecular profiles and TME. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Gynecologic Cancer)
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Review

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9 pages, 246 KiB  
Review
A Case for the Conservative Management of Stage IA Cervical Cancer
by Alexandra Blackman and William Creasman
Cancers 2023, 15(20), 5051; https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers15205051 - 19 Oct 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1276
Abstract
Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern within the United States and across the world. Cervical cancer is most frequently diagnosed in women between the ages of 35 and 44 and therefore affects a younger patient population than many other cancers. The [...] Read more.
Cervical cancer remains a significant public health concern within the United States and across the world. Cervical cancer is most frequently diagnosed in women between the ages of 35 and 44 and therefore affects a younger patient population than many other cancers. The management of early-stage disease has frequently utilized radical hysterectomy with the associated increased surgical morbidity, without clear evidence of any benefits. In stage IA disease, there are retrospective pathologic data supporting the safety of conservative surgery and lymphadenectomy over radical hysterectomy. There are also emerging prospective studies supporting conservative management. This editorial presents the evidence for conservative management of stage IA cervical cancer by reviewing the existing retrospective studies as well as the ongoing prospective studies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pathology of Gynecologic Cancer)
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