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Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads
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Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads

A special issue of Buildings (ISSN 2075-5309). This special issue belongs to the section "Building Structures".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 15 June 2025 | Viewed by 4921

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Yanyan Li

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Urban Construction, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: geotechnical engineering; structural dynamics; engineering geology
Dr. Jingshu Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Faculty of Architecture, Civil and Transportation Engineering, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
Interests: slope stability; debris flow; chain-induced hazards; tunnelling engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In civil engineering structures such as bridges, houses, and dams, seismic loads are a crucial type of load and must be carefully considered during design; otherwise, an inadequate seismic design could lead to catastrophic consequences. Understanding how civil engineering structures respond under seismic loads is essential to the optimization of seismic design. The scope of this Special Issue includes, but is not limited to, the following topics:

（1）dynamic response of civil engineering structures under seismic loads;

（2）seismic loads laboratory/in-situ tests;

（3）seismic theoretical analysis and numerical simulations.

Considering your interest and involvement in this topic, we would be honored to receive a contribution from you in order to aid the success of this Special Issue.

Prof. Dr. Yanyan Li
Dr. Jingshu Xu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Buildings is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • dynamic response
  • engineering structure
  • civil engineering
  • seismicload
  • earthquake engineering
  • structural stability

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Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 8021 KiB  
Article
Research on the Flexural Performance of Shield Tunnel Segments Strengthened with Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix Composite Panels
by Caixia Guo, Kaiwen Yang, Yichen Duan, Jiulin Li, Jianlin Wang and Weidong Lu
Buildings 2025, 15(8), 1355; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15081355 - 18 Apr 2025
Viewed by 119
Abstract
To investigate the strengthening effectiveness of Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites on shield tunnel segments, this study conducted four-point bending tests on FRCM composite panels. The influence of different cementitious matrices (engineered cementitious composite, ECC; ultra-high-performance concrete, UHPC) on the flexural behavior of [...] Read more.
To investigate the strengthening effectiveness of Fabric-Reinforced Cementitious Matrix (FRCM) composites on shield tunnel segments, this study conducted four-point bending tests on FRCM composite panels. The influence of different cementitious matrices (engineered cementitious composite, ECC; ultra-high-performance concrete, UHPC) on the flexural behavior of FRCM panels was systematically analyzed. Numerical simulations were additionally conducted to analyze deformation behavior, damage progression, and stress variations in steel reinforcements within standard structural segments strengthened with FRCM composite panels. A parametric analysis was performed to assess the effects of cementitious matrix type, panel thickness, and carbon fiber-reinforced polymer (CFRP) grid layers on the reinforcement efficiency. The experimental results demonstrated that FRCM composite panels exhibit superior flexural performance. Specimens with UHPC matrices exhibited higher cracking stresses and enhanced flexural stiffness during the elastic phase, while those with ECC matrices demonstrated advantages in post-peak hardening behavior and energy dissipation capacity. Both matrix types achieved similar cracking strains and comparable ultimate flexural strengths. Numerical simulations revealed that FRCM strengthening significantly improves the ultimate flexural bearing capacity of segments while effectively controlling deformation. For UHPC-based FRCM reinforced segments, the ultimate bearing capacity increased with both UHPC thickness and CFRP layer quantity. In contrast, ECC-based FRCM reinforced segments exhibited capacity enhancement primarily correlated with CFRP layer addition, with negligible sensitivity to ECC thickness variations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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15 pages, 2153 KiB  
Article
Horizontal Bearing Characteristics of Large-Diameter Rock-Socketed Rigid Pile and Flexible Pile
by Lin Liu, Li Xiao, Yang Liu, Mingrui Zhao, Fan Jin, Xiangyu Li and Yu Tian
Buildings 2025, 15(5), 768; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15050768 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 415
Abstract
In order to study the horizontal bearing characteristics of large-diameter rock-socketed rigid pile and flexible pile, two lateral loading tests in which the pile lengths are 5.2 m and 11.07 m were carried out. Unidirectional multi-cyclic loading was applied to the piles during [...] Read more.
In order to study the horizontal bearing characteristics of large-diameter rock-socketed rigid pile and flexible pile, two lateral loading tests in which the pile lengths are 5.2 m and 11.07 m were carried out. Unidirectional multi-cyclic loading was applied to the piles during the tests, with the maximum load reaching 3500 kN. The measured results are compared with the calculated results of Zhang’s method, m-method and the rigid pile method in the design codes. It is indicated that if the characteristic values of the horizontal bearing capacity of the large-diameter rock-socketed rigid pile and flexible pile are determined by the same horizontal displacement of the pile head, some risk will be brought to the design of the rigid pile. Compared with the rigid pile method, the m-method is more suitable for calculating the rotation angle of the pile head. In terms of the maximum bending moment of the large-diameter rock-socketed flexible pile under the critical load, the calculated result of Zhang’s method is less than the measured result, while the calculated result of the m-method is the largest. However, for the rigid pile, both Zhang’s method and m-method underestimate the maximum bending moment of the pile body. In summary, when a large-diameter rock-socketed pile is designed, reasonable calculation method and failure discrimination standard should be chosen according to the actual conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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19 pages, 8474 KiB  
Article
Amplitude-Scaling Bias Analysis of Ground Motion Record Set in Strip Method for Structural Seismic Fragility Assessment
by Zhuo Song, Xiaojun Li, Yushi Wang and Bochang Zhou
Buildings 2025, 15(3), 401; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15030401 - 27 Jan 2025
Viewed by 786
Abstract
The multi-strip method is often used to establish a demand model for fragility analysis. Using the multi-strip method to scale the ground motion record may cause uncertainty and bias in structural response calculation and fragility assessment. It is necessary to analyze the effect [...] Read more.
The multi-strip method is often used to establish a demand model for fragility analysis. Using the multi-strip method to scale the ground motion record may cause uncertainty and bias in structural response calculation and fragility assessment. It is necessary to analyze the effect of differences in the amplitude scaling range in different strips on structural seismic response calculation and seismic fragility assessment. In this paper, the multi-strip method was used to analyze the seismic demand bias based on four multi-story reinforced concrete frame structures subjected to eight ground motion record sets. The bias, variance, and coefficient of variation in different strips in each group of ground motion records were obtained. The effect of different strips on the demand bias was investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA). Uncertainty quantification of structural demand and fragility curves was carried out using the bootstrap sampling method. The results for structures in different ground motion record sets verify that the differences between the demand bias for different strips by amplitude scaling are statistically insignificant for a 95% confidence level. These findings will contribute to the use of scaling methods for ground motion record sets in a probabilistic seismic demand assessment, allowing for a more reliable prediction of structural seismic fragility. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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20 pages, 15749 KiB  
Article
Study on the Vibration Propagation Law and Stress Distribution Characteristics in Double-Arch Tunnels During Blasting
by Xiaofei Sun, Ying Su, Dunwen Liu, Yu Tang, Pei Zhang, Jishuang Hu and Xianghao Sun
Buildings 2025, 15(1), 139; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings15010139 - 5 Jan 2025
Viewed by 937
Abstract
Highway tunnel construction in mountainous areas of China has been developing rapidly. The influence of drilling and blasting on the existing tunnel structure has become a key factor affecting the safety and stability of tunnel construction. The double-arch tunnel has unique structural characteristics. [...] Read more.
Highway tunnel construction in mountainous areas of China has been developing rapidly. The influence of drilling and blasting on the existing tunnel structure has become a key factor affecting the safety and stability of tunnel construction. The double-arch tunnel has unique structural characteristics. The propagation characteristics of blasting vibrations and the resulting stress responses exhibit a certain level of complexity. There is little research on the influence of single-line blasting excavation of double-arch tunnel on the other line tunnel. This paper analyzes the blasting vibration of a double-arch tunnel by ANSYS/LS-DYNA. The propagation law of blasting vibration velocity and stress distribution law of blasting vibration in different sections of the tunnel is revealed. At the same time, the relationship between the peak particle velocity (PPV) and tensile stress is established, and the threshold vibration velocity is proposed. It provides a scientific basis for tunnel design and construction. The propagation of blasting vibration in the adjacent roadway is affected by the middle pilot tunnel. The peak vibration velocity of different parts decreases with the increase in distance. The monitoring of vibration velocity and stress in section A of the right line of the adjacent tunnel should be strengthened, especially in the tunnel vault, blast-facing side wall, and arch foot. The difference in vibration strength across different tunnel parts provides a basis for optimizing the structure. It helps strengthen the parts susceptible to vibration during the design stage of the multi-arch tunnel, improving the tunnel’s safety and stability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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13 pages, 4102 KiB  
Article
Dynamic Stability for Seismic-Excited Earth Retaining Structures Following a Nonlinear Criterion
by Jingshu Xu, Jiahui Deng, Zemian Wang, Linghao Qi and Yundi Wang
Buildings 2024, 14(12), 4086; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14124086 - 23 Dec 2024
Viewed by 614
Abstract
Based on the upper bound limit analysis, the multi-log spiral failure mechanism for earth retaining structures under horizontal seismic loads was constructed, which could introduce the nonlinear strength criterion into stability analysis without any linearization technique. By calculating various external work rates and [...] Read more.
Based on the upper bound limit analysis, the multi-log spiral failure mechanism for earth retaining structures under horizontal seismic loads was constructed, which could introduce the nonlinear strength criterion into stability analysis without any linearization technique. By calculating various external work rates and the internal energy dissipation, the energy balance equation was established, and the active earth pressure formula required for the retaining structure to be in a critical stable state was derived. With the application of a genetic algorithm and particle swarm optimization, the optimal upper bound solutions of active earth pressure coefficients were obtained. The validity of the research results was verified through comparative analysis. This paper provided diagrams of the active earth pressure coefficients required for earth retaining structures to maintain a critical stability state under different parameters. The influences of seismic load, slope inclination angle, soil strength tension cutoff (TC), and the δ/ϕ ratio were investigated. By investigating the design charts, the active earth pressures applicable to practical engineering can be obtained, which provide a theoretical basis for the preliminary design of retaining structures in earthquake-prone areas. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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21 pages, 16869 KiB  
Article
An Investigation of Parameter Sensitivity and a Dynamic Analysis of Subsurface Storage Chambers Utilizing the Finite Difference Method
by Hongming Luo, Shan Lin, Quanke Hu and Miao Dong
Buildings 2024, 14(12), 3778; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14123778 - 26 Nov 2024
Viewed by 562
Abstract
Underground compressed air energy storage chambers are a promising emerging energy storage technology with strict limitations relating to the stability of the surrounding rock. This study conducted displacement and plastic zone analyses during the excavation and stabilization phases of the chamber utilizing the [...] Read more.
Underground compressed air energy storage chambers are a promising emerging energy storage technology with strict limitations relating to the stability of the surrounding rock. This study conducted displacement and plastic zone analyses during the excavation and stabilization phases of the chamber utilizing the finite difference method based on engineering data, demonstrating that the stability of salt rock can effectively withstand internal pressures ranging from 0 to 9 MPa, with an average of 15 mm in the Z-axis and 19.23 mm in the X-axis. To further investigate the feasibility of subterranean energy storage reservoirs, the FOS for various surrounding rocks was calculated at different burial depths. These results facilitated a parameter sensitivity analysis on the stability of the surrounding rock of the underground energy storage reservoir. The dynamic reaction of the underground chamber was studied using synthetic seismic wave technology, demonstrating that the seismic capacity of the structure adhered to the code, and the post-seismic displacement remained within the safe range (Z-axis 34 mm, horizontal 19 mm). The results demonstrate the stability analysis method of the chamber and establish a foundation for the extensive implementation of CAES which will contribute to the development of energy storage technology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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21 pages, 11621 KiB  
Article
Research on the Dynamic Response of a Bedding Rock Slope Reinforced by Pile–Anchor Structures Under Earthquakes: A Case Study of a Section of the Duyun-Shangri-La Expressway Project in Ludian County, Yunnan Province, China
by Jinghan Wang, Yanyan Li and Le Zhang
Buildings 2024, 14(11), 3524; https://doi.org/10.3390/buildings14113524 - 4 Nov 2024
Viewed by 829
Abstract
Pile and anchor structures are extensively employed for slope stabilization. However, their dynamic response under seismic loading remains unclear and current seismic designs primarily use the pseudo-static method. Here, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of a bedding rock slope supported [...] Read more.
Pile and anchor structures are extensively employed for slope stabilization. However, their dynamic response under seismic loading remains unclear and current seismic designs primarily use the pseudo-static method. Here, a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the dynamic behavior of a bedding rock slope supported by pile–anchor systems under earthquakes is conducted. The dynamic calculation for the slope subjected to seismic forces with varying excitation directions and acceleration amplitudes is performed. The dynamic behavior of both the slope and the pile–anchor system is investigated with respect to the slope’s failure mode, the dynamic soil pressure behind the pile, the anchor axial force, the bending moment, and the lateral displacement of the pile. The results indicate that the anti-slide piles cause a reflective and superposition effect on seismic waves within weak rock layers. As the input seismic intensity increases, the axial force in the anchor cables also increases, with the peak axial force occurring during the main energy phase of the seismic waves. The dynamic soil pressure acting behind the piles varies with the stratification of the slope rock layers, with lower peak dynamic earth pressure observed in weak layers. The weak layers on the slope surface experience through-shear failure. Under strong seismic loading, the structural element state undergoes significant changes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dynamic Response of Civil Engineering Structures under Seismic Loads)
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