Broken Mirrors of the Mind: Illusions, Paradoxes, and the Construction of Consciousness

A special issue of Brain Sciences (ISSN 2076-3425). This special issue belongs to the section "Neuropsychology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 10 September 2026 | Viewed by 984

Special Issue Editors


E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy
Interests: visual illusions; psychophysical investigation; spatial vision; motion perception; colour vision; shape perception; perceptual meaning; perceptual organization; vision science of art; visual design
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Lab for Perceptual and Cognitive Systems, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Latvia, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia
Interests: psychology; neuroscience; medicine; multidisciplinary research; visual perception; cross-modal perception; visuo-spatial processes

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

For this Special Issue, we welcome empirical, theoretical, and computational work that examines perceptual illusions, cognitive biases, paradoxes, hallucinations, and delusions to advance a scientific theory of consciousness. Distortions of perception and belief are treated here not as curiosities, but as systematic probes of how conscious experience is constructed, maintained, and modified in the mind–brain system.

Our volume invites contributions addressing the bidirectional relationship between consciousness and broadly conceived illusions, focusing on the following questions:

  • How illusions, biases, paradoxes, and psychotic-like experiences constrain models of conscious perception, cognition, and the self.
  • How conscious processes (attention, awareness, metacognition, self-representation, insight) contribute to the generation, amplification, attenuation, or dissolution of such distortions.

Relevant approaches include experimental psychology, cognitive neuroscience, psychiatry and neurology, philosophy of the mind, and computational modeling (e.g., predictive processing, global workspace, higher-order and recurrent models, integrated information, enactive and embodied accounts). Studies may focus on basic laboratory paradigms and clinical settings, or altered and atypical forms of experience, provided they explicitly link their findings to theories of consciousness.

For this Special Issue, we will consider the following submissions:

  • Original empirical articles (behavioral, neuroimaging, electrophysiological, clinical, computational);
  • Theory and model papers with clear empirical implications;
  • Systematic reviews and meta-analyses on any of the above themes.

All submissions will undergo rigorous peer review according to the journal’s standards.

Prof. Dr. Baingio Pinna
Guest Editor

Prof. Dr. Jurgis Skilters
Co-Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 250 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for assessment.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Brain Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2200 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • perception
  • illusions
  • consciousness

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • Reprint: MDPI Books provides the opportunity to republish successful Special Issues in book format, both online and in print.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (1 paper)

Order results
Result details
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:

Research

30 pages, 746 KB  
Article
From the Visible to the Invisible: On the Phenomenal Gradient of Appearance
by Baingio Pinna, Daniele Porcheddu and Jurģis Šķilters
Brain Sci. 2026, 16(1), 114; https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci16010114 - 21 Jan 2026
Viewed by 584
Abstract
Background: By exploring the principles of Gestalt psychology, the neural mechanisms of perception, and computational models, scientists aim to unravel the complex processes that enable us to perceive a coherent and organized world. This multidisciplinary approach continues to advance our understanding of [...] Read more.
Background: By exploring the principles of Gestalt psychology, the neural mechanisms of perception, and computational models, scientists aim to unravel the complex processes that enable us to perceive a coherent and organized world. This multidisciplinary approach continues to advance our understanding of how the brain constructs a perceptual world from sensory inputs. Objectives and Methods: This study investigates the nature of visual perception through an experimental paradigm and method based on a comparative analysis of human and artificial intelligence (AI) responses to a series of modified square images. We introduce the concept of a “phenomenal gradient” in human visual perception, where different attributes of an object are organized syntactically and hierarchically in terms of their perceptual salience. Results: Our findings reveal that human visual processing involves complex mechanisms including shape prioritization, causal inference, amodal completion, and the perception of visible invisibles. In contrast, AI responses, while geometrically precise, lack these sophisticated interpretative capabilities. These differences highlight the richness of human visual cognition and the current limitations of model-generated descriptions in capturing causal, completion-based, and context-dependent inferences. The present work introduces the notion of a ‘phenomenal gradient’ as a descriptive framework and provides an initial comparative analysis that motivates testable hypotheses for future behavioral and computational studies, rather than direct claims about improving AI systems. Conclusions: By bridging phenomenology, information theory, and cognitive science, this research challenges existing paradigms and suggests a more integrated approach to studying visual consciousness. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop