Extreme Precipitation and Temperature as Key Indicators of Climate Change

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Climatology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (1 March 2024) | Viewed by 5484

Special Issue Editors

Institute for Disaster Risk Management, School of Geographical Science, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
Interests: extreme weather and climate events; climate change; climate dynamics
Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System (FDOMES), Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China
Interests: heatwave; numerical simulation; climate dynamics; sub seasonal prediction

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Guest Editor
School of Geography and Tourism, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241002, China
Interests: extreme precipitation; climate change impact; risk assessment of meteorological disaster

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Guest Editor
College of Geography and Environment, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
Interests: climate change; heatwave; compound weather and climate events; risk assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Climate change is the biggest global threat of the 21st century. As key indicators of climate change, extreme precipitation and temperature events have significantly increased worldwide in recent years, which have caused widespread impacts on human health, societies, economies, and ecosystems. For instance, extreme rainfall hit Henan Province in Central China in 2021; from London to Shanghai, unprecedented heat waves have scorched many parts of the world this summer. With accelerated global warming, temperature extremes and heavy precipitation are expected to intensify and become more frequent. Therefore, the causes that led to these unprecedented events, the occurrence of compound precipitation and temperature events, and future changes in and risks of extreme precipitation as well as temperature need to be further investigated based on the newly released CMIP6 simulations, downscaling techniques, machine learning, and risk assessment models.

This Special Issue aims to gather new innovative results on the characteristics, mechanisms, future changes, and risk assessment of temperature extremes and heavy precipitation on regional and global scales. The primary goal is to improve our knowledge and understanding of extreme precipitation and temperature in a changing climate in addition to providing scientific bases for disaster risk management and climate change adaptation. Research areas may include (but are not limited to) the following:

  • Mechanisms of extreme precipitation and temperature events;
  • Detection and attribution of changes in extreme precipitation and temperature;
  • Numerical simulations of extreme precipitation and temperature;
  • Observed and projected changes in extreme precipitation and temperature;
  • Prediction and early warning of extreme precipitation and temperature;
  • Impacts of extreme precipitation and temperature on socioeconomic and human health;
  • Risk assessment of extreme precipitation and temperature under climate change.

Dr. Miaoni Gao
Dr. Xin Qi
Dr. Shanshan Wen
Dr. Anqian Wang
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • extreme precipitation and temperature
  • compound extreme events
  • climate change
  • mechanism
  • attribution
  • numerical simulation
  • statistical/dynamical downscaling
  • climate projection
  • assessment of impacts and risks

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Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

22 pages, 8617 KiB  
Article
Assessment of NEX-GDDP-CMIP6 Downscale Data in Simulating Extreme Precipitation over the Huai River Basin
by Fushuang Jiang, Shanshan Wen, Miaoni Gao and Aiping Zhu
Atmosphere 2023, 14(10), 1497; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14101497 - 27 Sep 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2154
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the performance of 35 global climate models included in NEX-GDDP-CMIP6, derived from downscaling CMIP6 data to high spatial (25 km) and temporal (daily) resolutions, in reproducing extreme precipitation events over the Huai River Basin. Eight widely used extreme [...] Read more.
This study aimed to assess the performance of 35 global climate models included in NEX-GDDP-CMIP6, derived from downscaling CMIP6 data to high spatial (25 km) and temporal (daily) resolutions, in reproducing extreme precipitation events over the Huai River Basin. Eight widely used extreme precipitation indices were employed to quantitatively describe the models’ capability of simulation. Results indicate that the majority of models can reasonably capture trends, with UKESM1-0-LL performing the best among all considered models. All models demonstrate high accuracy in simulating climatological means, especially for the total precipitation (PRCPTOT), displaying a spatial correlation coefficient exceeding 0.8 when compared to the observed data. NorESM2-MM and MRI-ESM2-0 can accurately simulate the frequency and intensity of extreme precipitation, respectively. In general, UKESM1-0-LL, CESM2, MIROC6, MRI-ESM2-0, CMCC-CM2-SR5, and MPI-ESM-2-LR exhibit superior simulation capabilities in terms of capturing both the trends and climatology of extreme precipitation. The aforementioned findings provide guidance for future studies on the regional impacts of climate change using NEX model data, and therefore hold great importance in comprehending the regional impacts of, and the adaptability to, climate change, as well as the development of adaptation strategies. Full article
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16 pages, 35765 KiB  
Article
An Analysis for the Applicability of Global Precipitation Measurement Mission (GPM) IMERG Precipitation Data in Typhoons
by Nengzhu Fan, Xiaohong Lin and Hong Guo
Atmosphere 2023, 14(8), 1224; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14081224 - 29 Jul 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1049
Abstract
This study selected examples of 17 typhoons that landed in Fujian after passing through Taiwan. The study evaluated the precipitation in different time scales and the spatial distribution of daily precipitation of varying magnitudes in the southeastern coastal area by comparing satellite precipitation [...] Read more.
This study selected examples of 17 typhoons that landed in Fujian after passing through Taiwan. The study evaluated the precipitation in different time scales and the spatial distribution of daily precipitation of varying magnitudes in the southeastern coastal area by comparing satellite precipitation estimation products with meteorological observation station data. The evaluation used a correlation coefficient, mean relative error, relative bias, and graded assessment indexes (probability of detection, false alarm rate, and critical success index). Correlation coefficient analysis revealed that maximum daily precipitation performed best, followed by process total precipitation. The relative bias indicates that the precipitation estimated by the satellite is lower than the rainfall recorded by the automatic weather station. Mean relative error analysis showed that hourly precipitation had the highest error, followed by maximum daily precipitation. The GPM IMERG precipitation products’ retrieval of daily precipitation of varying magnitudes was assessed using three indicators. The assessment revealed that the satellite had a low under-reporting rate for light rain events but a high under-reporting rate for torrential rain events, especially extremely heavy rainstorm events, in terms of probability of detection. For the false alarm rate, the satellite had a small probability of false predictions for light rain events, while extremely heavy rainstorm events had the highest probability. For the critical success index, the satellite’s estimation of light rain events was basically consistent with reality; however, its ability to estimate precipitations above rainstorm levels was low. The results of the spatial assessment of heavy precipitation show that the satellite’s ability to detect heavy precipitation’s structure, intensity, and location is fair and has some reference value, especially for regions where conventional information is scarce. Full article
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15 pages, 11885 KiB  
Article
Regional Characteristics of Summer Precipitation Anomalies in the Northeastern Maritime Continent
by Qi Xu, Zhaoyong Guan, Dachao Jin, Wei Chen and Jing Zhu
Atmosphere 2023, 14(7), 1059; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14071059 - 22 Jun 2023
Viewed by 1036
Abstract
Based on the monthly mean reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ National Center for Atmospheric Research) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project) (1979–2020), the regional characteristics of precipitation in the warm pool side of the Maritime Continent (MC) and the [...] Read more.
Based on the monthly mean reanalysis data from NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/ National Center for Atmospheric Research) and GPCP (Global Precipitation Climatology Project) (1979–2020), the regional characteristics of precipitation in the warm pool side of the Maritime Continent (MC) and the relationships between different precipitation patterns and atmospheric circulations are studied. The results show that there are significant correlations as well as differences between the precipitation in the east of the Philippines (area A) and that in the Pacific Ocean near the Northern Mariana Islands (area B). Precipitation in area A is closely related to the eastern Pacific ENSO (El Nino-Southern Oscillation) and EAP/PJ (East Asia-Pacific/Pacific-Japan) teleconnection pattern, while precipitation in area B is linked to the Indian Ocean basin-wide and the South China Sea summer monsoon. When the precipitation anomaly in area A is positive, the East Asian summer monsoon is weak. A cyclone appears to the northwest of area A at 850 hPa with convergence airflow. After filtering out the effects of precipitation in area B, the cyclone retreats to the west, and an anticyclone appears to the southeast of area A. When the precipitation is above normal in area B, the circulation and water vapor transportation are similar to that in area A but more to the east. The updraft and downdrafts to both north and south sides of area B form two closed meridional vertical circulations. When the influence of area A is moved out, the circulation center in the warm pool area moves eastward. This research contributes to a better understanding of the regional characteristics of the Maritime Continent and the East Asian summer monsoon. Full article
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