Effects of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in Three Tropical Oceans on Extreme Weather and Climate Events

Dear Colleagues,

The ocean plays an important role in shaping our climate and weather patterns. Understanding the roles of the three tropical oceans (tropical Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans) in weather and climate variability is required for predicting weather and climate anomalies. Sea surface temperature (SST) variations that are important manifestations of ocean variability can result in anomalous diabatic heating or cooling of the overlying atmosphere and trigger atmospheric teleconnection, which can alter atmospheric circulation and then affect the weather and climate. The three tropical oceans can breed multiple active SST variation modes, including the eastern Pacific (EP) type of El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO), central Pacific (CP) type of ENSO, Pacific meridional mode (PMM), Indian Ocean dipole (IOD), Indian Ocean basin (IOB) mode, Atlantic Niño, tropical north Atlantic SST, Atlantic meridional mode (AMM), etc. There is overwhelming evidence that SST anomalies in different tropical oceans can be closely related and interacted. The combined impacts of SST anomalies in the three tropical oceans on extreme weather and climate events have not yet been fully understood or revealed.

In this Special Issue, we invite contributions from studies in a wide range of topics and subtopics, focusing on the effects of SST anomalies in three tropical oceans on extreme weather and climate events. This Special Issue provides an opportunity to publish the latest observational analyses and modeling studies on the physical processes related to tropical air–sea interactions and three-ocean inter-basin interactions. This Special Issue collection will highlight recent achievements and address remaining and future challenges in understanding effects of SST anomalies in the three tropical oceans on extreme weather and climate events. The research results in this field have important implications for the further improvement of the weather and climate prediction, which is of great practical significance to the prevention and mitigation of meteorological disasters. Topics of interest include, but are not limited to:

1. Physical processes and mechanisms of how SST anomalies in the three tropical oceans (tropical Pacific, Indian and Atlantic Oceans) affect extreme weather and climate events, including tropical cyclones, precipitations, monsoons, subtropical highs, heat waves, cold surges, etc.
2. Tropical air–sea interactions, pantropical climate interactions, tropical three-ocean interactions, inter-basin and intra-basin climate interactions.
3. Combined impacts of SST anomalies in the three tropical oceans on extreme weather and climate events.
4. Assessments of the impacts of tropical three-ocean SST anomalies on the numerical simulation of extreme weather and climate events.
5. The feasibility of using early SST precursor signals as predictors of extreme weather and climate events.
6. Possible improvements in the predictability and prediction of extreme weather and climate events by considering and incorporating SST anomalies in the three tropical oceans.

Dr. Lei Wang
Dr. Jingchao Long
Dr. Shuqin Zhang
Guest Editors

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• air–sea interaction
• sea surface temperature
• tropical three-ocean interactions
• pantropical climate interactions
• inter-basin and intra-basin climate interactions
• tropical Pacific, Indian and Atlantic oceans
• tropical cyclone
• precipitation
• climate variability
• extreme weather and climate events