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Atmosphere
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The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere
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The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433).

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 December 2024) | Viewed by 4855

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Anthony R. Lupo

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Guest Editor
Department of Soil, Environmental, and Atmospheric Science, University of Missouri-Columbia, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
Interests: dynamic meteorology; synoptic meteorology; climate dynamics; climate variability
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Prof. Dr. Andreas Matzarakis

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Guest Editor
1. Environmental Meteorology, University of Freiburg, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany
2. Democritus University of Thrace, 69100 Komotini, Greece
Interests: human biometeorology; urban microclimate; climate change and health, micro-scale modeling; RayMan; climate orientated planning and design
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Dr. Daniele Contini

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), Str. Prv. Lecce-Monteroni km 1.2, 73100 Lecce, Italy
Interests: atmosphere composition; aerosol sources; health-related effects of aerosols; receptor models; turbulent fluxes; particle deposition; nucleation
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Dr. Francesca Costabile

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Guest Editor
Institute of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate (ISAC), National Research Council (CNR), 00133 Rome, Italy
Interests: air quality; atmospheric aerosol; health effects; characterization of ultrafine particles; combustion generated aerosol and urban areas; black carbon and carbonaceous aerosol, and relevant toxicology
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Prof. Dr. Prashant Kumar

grade E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Global Center for Clean Air Research (GCARE), School of Sustainability, Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Surrey, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
Interests: low-cost sensing; air pollution modelling; pollution mitigation; atmospheric science
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Prof. Dr. Xuejun Liu

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Guest Editor
Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University (CAU), Beijing 100193, China
Interests: atmospheric environment; wet and dry deposition; nitrogen cycling; ammonia emission reduction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433) published its inaugural issue in 2010; it has experienced a tremendous growth in terms of the number and quality of scientific publications since, and it has been covered by the Science Citation Index Expanded (Web of Science), Ei Compendex, Scopus, etc. To celebrate the 15th anniversary of Atmosphere, we are currently organizing a Special Issue to commemorate this important milestone.

Atmosphere is an open-access, international, interdisciplinary scholarly journal focused on all areas of scientific research related to the atmosphere. Its primary areas of research interests include the following:

  • Aerosols;
  • Air quality;
  • Air quality and human health;
  • Air Pollution Control;
  • Atmospheric techniques, instruments, and modeling;
  • Biometeorology;
  • Biosphere/hydrosphere/land–atmosphere interactions;
  • Climatology;
  • Meteorology;
  • Planetary atmospheres;
  • Upper atmosphere.

All scholars in the community are invited to submit insightful and influential original or review articles on any of the above-listed topics. Please also encourage any colleagues who may be interested to submit manuscripts.

Prof. Dr. Anthony R. Lupo
Prof. Dr. Andreas Matzarakis
Dr. Daniele Contini
Dr. Francesca Costabile
Prof. Dr. Prashant Kumar
Prof. Dr. Xuejun Liu
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • air quality
  • air quality and human health
  • air pollution control
  • atmospheric techniques, instruments, and modeling
  • biometeorology
  • biosphere/hydrosphere/land–atmosphere interactions
  • climatology
  • meteorology
  • planetary atmospheres
  • upper atmosphere

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

  • Ease of navigation: Grouping papers by topic helps scholars navigate broad scope journals more efficiently.
  • Greater discoverability: Special Issues support the reach and impact of scientific research. Articles in Special Issues are more discoverable and cited more frequently.
  • Expansion of research network: Special Issues facilitate connections among authors, fostering scientific collaborations.
  • External promotion: Articles in Special Issues are often promoted through the journal's social media, increasing their visibility.
  • e-Book format: Special Issues with more than 10 articles can be published as dedicated e-books, ensuring wide and rapid dissemination.

Further information on MDPI's Special Issue policies can be found here.

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

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22 pages, 7143 KiB  
Article
Training a Regulatory Team to Use the Odor Profile Method for Evaluation of Atmospheric Malodors
by Zhihang Yin, Tamara Bader, Lily F. Lee, Regina McDaniels and Irwin H. (Mel) Suffet
Atmosphere 2025, 16(4), 362; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16040362 - 23 Mar 2025
Viewed by 216
Abstract
Members of the California Air Resources Board (CARB) participated in the odor profile method (OPM) training program. The OPM is the flavor profile analysis (FPA) standard method applied to air samples. The FPA method is a widely used standard method in drinking water [...] Read more.
Members of the California Air Resources Board (CARB) participated in the odor profile method (OPM) training program. The OPM is the flavor profile analysis (FPA) standard method applied to air samples. The FPA method is a widely used standard method in drinking water taste and odor evaluations. It was found that pre-screening of potential OPM trainees for anosmia cases was necessary. After odor characteristics were defined by odor references and standardized terminology, the trainees were able to accurately describe single odors. However, the trainees could not always simultaneously perceive all odors within a mixture. Therefore, a method to separate the odors in a mixture should be applied in the future for environmental analysis by the OPM. After a half-day training session every day for a week, a panel could be formed to accurately determine the characteristics of atmospheric odors from various facilities. With the help of an intensity scale defined by sugar solutions, the panel could also report average odor intensity values consistent with the facilities’ operation. However, a high variance of individual intensity values relative to panel average was noted. It was likely caused by the simultaneous presence of multiple odors in the air and a lack of definition of low odor intensity values by sugar solutions. Secondly, lower odor intensities were reported when sampling bags were used for the OPM analysis compared to direct sniffing at the facilities’ fenceline, apparently because of the narrow valve opening of the sampling bags. The feasibility of quick adoption of the OPM by a regulatory team as demonstrated in this study is essential for the OPM to be considered as a method to evaluate atmospheric malodors as the FPA for drinking water analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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16 pages, 4124 KiB  
Article
An Explanation of the Poleward Mass Flux in the Stratosphere
by Aarnout J. van Delden
Atmosphere 2025, 16(3), 343; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030343 - 18 Mar 2025
Viewed by 181
Abstract
This paper offers a new perspective on the explanation of the poleward mass flux in the stratosphere. This mass flux represents the upper leg of the so-called Brewer–Dobson circulation. This new perspective is based on the following hypothesis. A positive potential vorticity anomaly, [...] Read more.
This paper offers a new perspective on the explanation of the poleward mass flux in the stratosphere. This mass flux represents the upper leg of the so-called Brewer–Dobson circulation. This new perspective is based on the following hypothesis. A positive potential vorticity anomaly, centered over the North Pole, exists in the stratosphere during the winter half-year. This positive potential vorticity anomaly is associated with a negative isentropic density anomaly, which forms due to cross-isentropic downwelling associated with radiative cooling. Isentropic potential vorticity mixing due to breaking planetary waves weakens this potential vorticity anomaly while zonal-mean thermal wind balance is maintained. This requires a weakening of the negative Polar cap isentropic density anomaly, which in turn requires a poleward isentropic mass flux. Support for this hypothesis is found in a case study of a major Sudden Stratospheric Warming event, as an example of intense potential vorticity mixing. It is shown that the stratosphere, both before and after this event, is very close to zonal-mean thermal wind balance, despite the disruptive potential vorticity mixing, while mass is shifted poleward during this event. Solutions of the potential vorticity-inversion equation, which is an expression of thermal wind balance, for zonal-mean potential vorticity distributions before and after the Sudden Stratospheric Warming, demonstrate that mass must shift poleward to maintain zonal-mean thermal wind balance when the positive potential vorticity anomaly is eliminated by mixing. This perspective on the reasons for the poleward stratospheric mass flux also explains the observed isobaric warming as well as the Polar cap zonal-mean zonal wind reversal during a major Sudden Stratospheric Warming. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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18 pages, 6380 KiB  
Article
Development of a Simplified One-Dimensional Model of Humidity in the Cabin of a Passenger Aircraft Based on an Experiment
by Tomasz Janusz Teleszewski and Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk
Atmosphere 2025, 16(3), 280; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16030280 - 26 Feb 2025
Viewed by 358
Abstract
This publication presents the results of research on air humidity in the cabin of a passenger aircraft and develops a simplified model of absolute humidity during an aircraft flight as a function of time, number of passengers, aircraft cabin volume, number of air [...] Read more.
This publication presents the results of research on air humidity in the cabin of a passenger aircraft and develops a simplified model of absolute humidity during an aircraft flight as a function of time, number of passengers, aircraft cabin volume, number of air changes, moisture generated by passengers, initial air humidity, and supply air humidity. Based on the measurement results and the developed model, the humidity generated by a single passenger was estimated at 35 g/h, while the number of air changes in the aircraft cabin ranged from 10 L/h to 19 L/h. In order to increase the humidity in the aircraft cabin, it was proposed to modify the ventilation system by adding a humidifier chamber to the supply duct, a controller with the developed model implemented, and a humidity sensor in the aircraft cabin and the supply duct. The value of absolute humidity in the air supplied behind the humidifier chamber can be determined based on the presented algorithm. The developed model based on the humidity balance in the cabin of a passenger aircraft can be used in algorithms for automatic regulation of ventilation in passenger aircraft. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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15 pages, 4456 KiB  
Article
Source Contribution Analysis of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in PM2.5 at Three Japanese Cities Using Positive Matrix Factorization with Organic Tracers
by Fumikazu Ikemori, Yuki Murakami, Megumi Takabayashi, Rie Nishimura, Mami Hiramatsu, Maku Ueda, Ayako Yoshino, Satoru Chatani, Kei Sato and Seiji Sugata
Atmosphere 2025, 16(2), 175; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020175 - 5 Feb 2025
Viewed by 670
Abstract
To estimate the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their contributions to the total PAH emissions, more than 40 PAHs and organic tracers in PM2.5 collected in 3 cities of Japan were measured and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model analysis [...] Read more.
To estimate the sources of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and their contributions to the total PAH emissions, more than 40 PAHs and organic tracers in PM2.5 collected in 3 cities of Japan were measured and a positive matrix factorization (PMF) model analysis was performed. During the warm season, high PAH concentrations were detected in Nagoya, which is located in the port area. Total PAHs were classified into five sources: biomass combustion, semivolatile PAHs, and ship and industrial emissions, which were major, and road traffic and plastic combustion, which were minor. Analysis of the ship and industrial emissions revealed that the concentrations of these sources in the severe PAH pollution event in Nagoya exceeded 15 ng/m3 and the significant contribution exceeded 80%. In addition, PAHs indicating a risk of carcinogenicity, such as 1 to 2B by IARC and 1 to B2 by U.S. EPA, had the highest contribution to this factor among the five factors such as biomass burning and ship and industrial emissions. Our results suggest that sources of high PAH emissions exist in the port areas of Nagoya. The PMF analysis performed in this study, using combustion organics as indicators, is expected to aid other countries and regions in identifying the sources of PAHs for their effective control. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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22 pages, 40924 KiB  
Article
Identification of the Synoptic Causes of Torrential Rainfall Events in the Canary Islands (1950–2020)
by Pablo Máyer Suárez and Ángel Luque Söllheim
Atmosphere 2024, 15(12), 1537; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15121537 - 22 Dec 2024
Viewed by 736
Abstract
This work identifies and analyses, from a synoptic point of view, episodes of torrential rainfall (equal to or greater than 200 mm in a single day) that occurred in the Canary Islands between 1950 and 2020. For this purpose, all daily rainfall series [...] Read more.
This work identifies and analyses, from a synoptic point of view, episodes of torrential rainfall (equal to or greater than 200 mm in a single day) that occurred in the Canary Islands between 1950 and 2020. For this purpose, all daily rainfall series available in different databases were used, with a final selection, after applying various filters for the detection of errors, of 88 days on which 200 mm was exceeded. Subsequently, the isobaric configurations at the surface and at 500 hPa were analysed by applying the following two classification methods: the automatic one of Jenkinson and Collinson (1977) and the subjective one of Jorge Olcina (1994). Most of the selected days (63.4%) corresponded to high-altitude isolated depressions (known by their initials in Spanish as DANAs), as well as troughs showing the advection of polar air of different origins (36.5%). According to the Jenkinson and Collinson classification, half of the days were classified as cyclonic or hybrid cyclonic and 37.5% as pure advective or directional (37.5%), with five days classified as undetermined. On only one day, 23 November 1954, was a tropical disturbance observed, with cloud fronts moving from the south of the Canary Islands along the west coast of Africa. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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12 pages, 9339 KiB  
Article
Correlation between Peak Height of Polar Mesospheric Clouds and Mesopause Temperature
by Yuxin Li, Haiyang Gao, Shaoyang Sun and Xiang Li
Atmosphere 2024, 15(10), 1149; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15101149 - 25 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 843
Abstract
Polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) are ice crystal clouds formed in the mesosphere of high-latitude regions in both the northern (NH) and southern hemispheres (SH). Peak height is an important physical characteristic of PMCs. Satellite observation data from solar occultation for ice experiments (SOFIE) [...] Read more.
Polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs) are ice crystal clouds formed in the mesosphere of high-latitude regions in both the northern (NH) and southern hemispheres (SH). Peak height is an important physical characteristic of PMCs. Satellite observation data from solar occultation for ice experiments (SOFIE) during seven PMC seasons from 2007 to 2014 show that the difference between the height of the mesopause and the peak height of the PMCs (Zmes-Zmax) were inversely correlated with the atmospheric mesopause temperature. The Zmes-Zmax averages for all seasons for the NH and SH were 3.54 km and 2.66 km, respectively. They were smaller at the starting and ending stages of each PMC season and larger in the middle stages. Analysis of the individual cases and statistical results simulated by the PMCs 0-D model also revealed the inverse correlations between the Zmes-Zmax and mesopause temperature, with correlation coefficients of −0.71 and −0.62 for the NH and SH, respectively. The corresponding rates of change of Zmes-Zmax with respect to mesopause temperature were found to be −0.21 km/K and −0.14 km/K, respectively. The formation mechanism of PMCs suggests that a lower temperature around the mesopause can lead to a greater distance and longer time for ice crystals to condense and grow in clouds. Thus, ice crystals sediment to a lower height, making the peak height of the PMCs further away from the mesopause. In addition, disturbances in small-scale dynamic processes tend to weaken the impact of temperature on the peak height of PMCs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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Review

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14 pages, 2537 KiB  
Review
Effects of Leaf Trait Variability on PM Retention: A Systematic Review
by Wenkai Xue, Yongjun Lin, Zhengqi Sun, Yuchong Long, Dele Chen and Shan Yin
Atmosphere 2025, 16(2), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16020170 - 2 Feb 2025
Viewed by 639
Abstract
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is one of the most urgent urban environment problems in the world today. The urban ecosystem has been identified as a potentially promising solution to reduce the airborne PM based on the ability of plants to retain PM. Numerous [...] Read more.
Airborne particulate matter (PM) is one of the most urgent urban environment problems in the world today. The urban ecosystem has been identified as a potentially promising solution to reduce the airborne PM based on the ability of plants to retain PM. Numerous studies have been conducted to explore the process and mechanism of atmospheric PM retention by plant leaves in the past. In this study, in order to better summarize previous research, particularly the impact of leaf traits on PM retention, and to provide guidance for the selection of tree species for nature-based urban PM solutions, a systematic review was carried out using the method recommended in the PRISMA, and a total of 49 articles were selected. It was found that: 1. Asian countries contribute the majority of the proportion (32, 65%). Following behind are European countries (13, 26.5%). The American countries contribute two cases. 2. Among all the tree species, Ginkgo biloba (16), Euonymus japonicus (11), Magnolia denudate (9), Styphnolobium japonicum (9), Magnolia grandiflora (8), and Prunus cerasifera (8) emerged as hot species in research. 3. Leaf area and shape emerged as the two most frequently discussed macro-indicators, while roughness, hairiness, and stomatal characteristics were the top three micro-indicators explored. 4. Roughness and stomata, respectively, play crucial roles in capturing larger PM particles and retaining fine and ultrafine PM through their recessed structures. Trichomes decrease the likelihood of particle resuspension and boosts the efficiency of PM retention. 5. Leaves with high rigidity and complex multi-faceted leaf shapes are typically presumed to exhibit higher PM retention efficiency for higher edge effects and increased interleaf turbulence. Furthermore, with rigidity and edge effects ensured, a larger leaf area is beneficial for retaining PM. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The 15th Anniversary of Atmosphere)
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