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Atmosphere
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Carbon Fluxes in the Pan-Arctic Region
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Carbon Fluxes in the Pan-Arctic Region

A special issue of Atmosphere (ISSN 2073-4433). This special issue belongs to the section "Biosphere/Hydrosphere/Land–Atmosphere Interactions".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 June 2024) | Viewed by 3165

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Alexey Panov

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences – Separated Department of the KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Interests: carbon dioxide; methane; atmospheric composition; ecosystems; siberia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Anatoly S. Prokushkin

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. V.N. Sukachev Institute of Forest of the Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences – Separated Department of the KSC SB RAS, 660036 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
2. Laboratory of Biogeochemical Cycles in Forest Ecosystems, Siberian Federal University, 660041 Krasnoyarsk, Russia
Interests: carbon budget; permafrost; hydrochemistry; forest ecosystems; siberia
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

We are pleased to announce a Special Issue that addresses relevant topics at the nexus of climate and environmental changes across the Pan-Arctic region. This extremely sensitive environment is warming faster than other parts of the Earth, which has already triggered rapid and alternate changes in terrestrial ecosystems and is causing perennially frozen ground—permafrost—to thaw. Patchy observations in the Arctic domain, especially for the remote High-Arctic locations, essentially limit our knowledge of carbon turnover in this climatically sensitive area and the fate of the enormous carbon reservoirs conserved in the permafrost. This Special Issue welcomes articles focusing on the study of various aspects of terrestrial carbon cycling, atmosphere–ecosystem interactions, lateral terrigenic carbon fluxes to aquatic systems, wildfire emissions, the effects of permafrost degradation on carbon turnover, and the vulnerability and adaptation of ecosystems across the Pan-Arctic region to climate and environmental changes. Furthermore, we welcome articles reporting novel approaches towards the monitoring, modeling, and upscaling of carbon and ecosystem dynamics in the Pan-Arctic domain under observed and projected global warming.

Dr. Alexey Panov
Dr. Anatoly S. Prokushkin
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Atmosphere is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pan-arctic region
  • climate
  • carbon fluxes
  • atmospheric composition
  • ecosystems

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 7750 KiB  
Article
Effects of Wildfire and Logging on Soil CO2 Efflux in Scots Pine Forests of Siberia
by Elena A. Kukavskaya, Anna V. Bogorodskaya, Ludmila V. Buryak, Olga P. Kalenskaya and Susan G. Conard
Atmosphere 2024, 15(9), 1117; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15091117 - 14 Sep 2024
Viewed by 906
Abstract
Wildfires and logging play an important role in regulating soil carbon fluxes in forest ecosystems. In Siberia, large areas are disturbed by fires and logging annually. Climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure have resulted in the expansion of disturbed areas in recent decades. [...] Read more.
Wildfires and logging play an important role in regulating soil carbon fluxes in forest ecosystems. In Siberia, large areas are disturbed by fires and logging annually. Climate change and increasing anthropogenic pressure have resulted in the expansion of disturbed areas in recent decades. However, few studies have focused on the effects of these disturbances on soil CO2 efflux in the vast Siberian areas. The objective of our research was to evaluate differences in CO2 efflux from soils to the atmosphere between undisturbed sites and sites affected by wildfire and logging in Scots pine forests of southern Siberia. We examined 35 plots (undisturbed forest, burned forest, logged plots, and logged and burned plots) on six study sites in the Angara region and four sites in the Zabaikal region. Soil CO2 efflux was measured using an LI-800 infrared gas analyzer. We found that both fire and logging significantly reduced soil efflux in the first years after a disturbance due to a reduction in vegetation biomass and consumption of the forest floor. We found a substantially lower CO2 efflux in forests burned by high-severity fires (74% less compared to undisturbed forests) than in forests burned by moderate-severity (60% less) and low-severity (37% less) fires. Clearcut logging resulted in 6–60% lower soil CO2 efflux at most study sites, while multiple disturbances (logging and fire) had 48–94% lower efflux. The soil efflux rate increased exponentially with increasing soil temperature in undisturbed Scots pine forests (p < 0.001) and on logged plots (p < 0.03), while an inverse relationship to soil temperature was observed in burned forests (p < 0.03). We also found a positive relationship (R = 0.60–0.83, p < 0.001) between ground cover depth and soil CO2 efflux across all the plots studied. Our results demonstrate the importance of disturbance factors in the assessment of regional and global carbon fluxes. The drastic changes in CO2 flux rates following fire and logging should be incorporated into carbon balance models to improve their reliability in a changing environment. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Fluxes in the Pan-Arctic Region)
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20 pages, 14732 KiB  
Article
Variation in Soil CO2 Fluxes across Land Cover Mosaic in Typical Tundra of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia
by Alexey Panov, Anatoly Prokushkin, Mikhail Korets, Ilya Putilin, Galina Zrazhevskaya, Roman Kolosov and Mikhail Bondar
Atmosphere 2024, 15(6), 698; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15060698 - 9 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1382
Abstract
Increased warming in the Arctic is of great concern. This is particularly due to permafrost degradation, which is expected to accelerate microbial breakdown of soil organic carbon, with its further release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). The fine-scale variability [...] Read more.
Increased warming in the Arctic is of great concern. This is particularly due to permafrost degradation, which is expected to accelerate microbial breakdown of soil organic carbon, with its further release into the atmosphere as carbon dioxide (CO2). The fine-scale variability of CO2 fluxes across highly mosaic Arctic tundra landscapes can provide us with insights into the diverse responses of individual plant communities to environmental change. In the paper, we contribute to filling existing gaps by investigating the variability of CO2 flux rates within different landscape units for dominant vegetation communities and plant species across typical tundra of the southern part of the Taimyr Peninsula, Siberia. In general, the variability of soil CO2 flux illustrates a four-fold increase from non-vascular vegetation, mainly lichens and mosses (1.05 ± 0.36 µmol m−2 s−1), towards vascular plants (3.59 ± 0.51 µmol m−2 s−1). Barren ground (“frost boils”) shows the lowest value of 0.79 ± 0.21 µmol m−2 s−1, while considering the Arctic “browning” phenomenon, a further substantial increase of CO2 flux can be expected with shrub expansion. Given the high correlation with top soil temperature, well-drained and relatively dry habitats such as barren ground and non-vascular vegetation are expected to be the most sensitive to the observed and projected temperature growth in the Arctic. For mixed vegetation and vascular species that favor wetter conditions, soil moisture appears to play a greater role. Based on the modeled seasonal pattern of soil CO2 flux and precipitation records, and applying the rainfall simulations in situ we outlined the role of precipitation across enhanced CO2 emissions (i.e., the “Birch” effect). We found that a pulse-like growth of soil CO2 fluxes, observed within the first few minutes after rainfall on vegetated plots, reaches 0.99 ± 0.48 µmol m−2 s−1 per each 1 mm of precipitation, while barren ground shows 55–70% inhibition of CO2 emission during the first several hours. An average additive effect of precipitation on soil CO2 flux may achieve 7–12% over the entire growing season, while the projected increased precipitation regime in the Arctic may strengthen the total CO2 release from the soil surface to the atmosphere during the growing season. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Carbon Fluxes in the Pan-Arctic Region)
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