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Applied Sciences
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Wastewater Bioremediation
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Wastewater Bioremediation

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Biosciences and Bioengineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 November 2020) | Viewed by 11217

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Maria Adelaide Araújo Almeida

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Guest Editor
1. Department of Technologies and Applied Sciences, School of Agriculture, Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja), 7800-309 Beja, Portugal
2. Fiber Materials and Environmental Technologies (FibeEnTech), University of Beira Interior, 6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Interests: constructed wetland; nutrients removal; pharmaceutical compounds removal; biological and chemistry water; urban wastewater and industrial wastewater treatment processes (WWTPs)
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Anabela Cândida Ramalho Durão

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department Engineering, School of Technology and Management, Polytechnic Institute of Beja (IPBeja), Beja, Portugal
Interests: urban wastewater treatment; floating beds; strategies of river restoration; public participation; integrated water management

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Bioremediation (use of plants, microorganism, and plant–microorganism association) is considered one of the most promising alternatives in the area of Environmental Biotechnology, to treat wastewater and soils contaminated with organic and inorganic pollutants, even when they are in low concentration. This technology is eco-friendly, low-cost, and efficient.

In this Special Issue, we invite submissions of original articles focusing on variables involved in bioremediation processes, exploring the development of technology for monitoring and treatment addressing recent advances and new ideas in the perspective of efficient process at full or pilot scale.  Survey papers and reviews are also welcomed.

Prof. Dr. Maria Adelaide Araújo Almeida
Prof. Dr. Anabela Cândida Ramalho Durão
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • bioremediation
  • contaminants removal
  • pharmaceutical removal
  • heavy metals removal
  • efficiency process
  • constructed wetlands
  • wastewater
  • soils
  • remediation of acidic mine water
  • remediation of acidic mine water and soils

Published Papers (4 papers)

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12 pages, 1804 KiB  
Article
Spatial-Temporal Changes in Removal of Fecal Indicators and Diversity of Bacterial Communities in a Constructed Wetland with Ornamental Plants
by Cristina S. C. Calheiros, Sofia I. A. Pereira, Albina R. Franco and Paula M. L. Castro
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(9), 3875; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11093875 - 25 Apr 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2006
Abstract
The present study was undertaken in a constructed wetland (CW), setup in a tourism house, for domestic wastewater treatment. The influence of season variations on the abundance of fecal indicator organisms (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) in the wastewater and in the [...] Read more.
The present study was undertaken in a constructed wetland (CW), setup in a tourism house, for domestic wastewater treatment. The influence of season variations on the abundance of fecal indicator organisms (total coliforms and Escherichia coli) in the wastewater and in the substrate and the roots of plants inhabiting the inlet and outlet zones of the CW was evaluated along three consecutive years. The structure and diversity of bacterial communities associated to the CW’s substrate of inlet and outlet zones was also analyzed overtime. Wastewater was characterized for physicochemical and microbiological parameters and the bacterial communities colonizing the substrate surface, were analyzed by Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE). The CW was effective in removing COD, BOD5, TSS, PO43−, NH4+, NO3−, and NO2−. It was also effective in removing fecal indicators, with a generalized decrease of total coliforms and E. coli in the substrate and in the wastewater from inlet to outlet of up to 2–3 log. The structure and composition of bacterial communities associated with the substrate was mainly influenced by the year rather than by the season or the CW zone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bioremediation)
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12 pages, 1148 KiB  
Article
Nanocomposites Photocatalysis Application for the Purification of Phenols and Real Olive Mill Wastewater through a Sequential Process
by Srikanth Vuppala and Marco Stoller
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(20), 7329; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10207329 - 20 Oct 2020
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1880
Abstract
In this study, a synthetic phenol solution of water and raw olive mill wastewater (OMW) were considered to achieve purification of the aqueous streams from pollutants. Only OMW was initially submitted to a coagulation/flocculation process, to reduce the turbidity, phenols, and chemical oxygen [...] Read more.
In this study, a synthetic phenol solution of water and raw olive mill wastewater (OMW) were considered to achieve purification of the aqueous streams from pollutants. Only OMW was initially submitted to a coagulation/flocculation process, to reduce the turbidity, phenols, and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This first treatment appeared to be mandatory in order to remove solids from wastewater, allowing the successive use of laboratory-made core-shell nanocomposites. In detail, the optimal coagulant concentration, i.e., chitosan, was 500 mg/L, allowing a reduction of the turbidity and the COD value by 90% and 33%, respectively. After this, phenol wastewater was tested for photocatalysis and then OMW was treated by employing the laboratory-made nanocomposites in a photoreactor equipped with visible light sources and using optimal catalyst concentrations, which allowed for an additional 45% reduction of the COD of the OMW. In addition to this, the effect of the operating temperature was investigated on the photocatalytic process, and suitable kinetic models proposed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bioremediation)
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19 pages, 2626 KiB  
Article
Genome-Centered Metagenomics Analysis Reveals the Microbial Interactions of a Syntrophic Consortium during Methane Generation in a Decentralized Wastewater Treatment System
by Kun Zhang, Yan-Ling Zhang, Xin Ouyang, Jun-Peng Li, Jun-Jie Liao, Ao You, Xiu Yue, Guang-Jian Xie, Jie-Liang Liang and Jin-Tian Li
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(1), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10010135 - 23 Dec 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4168
Abstract
The application of anaerobic digestors to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DWTS) has gained momentum worldwide due to their ease of operation, high efficiency, and ability to recycle wastewater. However, the microbial mechanisms responsible for the high efficiency and ability of DWTS to recycle [...] Read more.
The application of anaerobic digestors to decentralized wastewater treatment systems (DWTS) has gained momentum worldwide due to their ease of operation, high efficiency, and ability to recycle wastewater. However, the microbial mechanisms responsible for the high efficiency and ability of DWTS to recycle wastewater are still unclear. In this study, the microbial community structure and function of two different anaerobic bioreactors (a primary sludge digestor, PSD, and anaerobic membrane bioreactor, AnMBR) of a DWTS located in Germany was investigated using 16S rRNA gene amplicon and metagenomic sequencing, respectively. The results showed that the microbial community structure was remarkably different in PSD and AnMBR. Methanobacteriaceae and Syntrophaceae were identified as the families that significantly differed in abundance between these two bioreactors. We also used genome-centered metagenomics to predict the microbial interactions and methane-generating pathway, which yielded 21 near-complete assembled genomes (MAGs) (average completeness of 93.0% and contamination of 2.9%). These MAGs together represented the majority of the microbial community. MAGs affiliated with methanogenic archaea, including Methanobacterium sp., Methanomicrobiales archaea, Methanomassiliicoccales archaea, and Methanosaeta concilii, were recruited, along with other syntrophic bacterial MAGs associated with anaerobic digestion. Key genes encoding enzymes involved in specific carbohydrate-active and methanogenic pathways in MAGs were identified to illustrate the microbial functions and interactions that occur during anaerobic digestion in the wastewater treatment. From the MAG information, it was predicted that bacteria affiliated with Bacteroidetes, Prolixibacteraceae, and Synergistaceae were the key bacteria involved in anaerobic digestion. In the methane production step, Methanobacterium sp. performed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, which reduced carbon dioxide to methane with hydrogen as the primary electron donor. Taken together, our findings provide a clear understanding of the methane-generating pathways and highlight the syntrophic interactions that occur during anaerobic digestion in DWTS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bioremediation)
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10 pages, 1129 KiB  
Case Report
Comparison of PCR Primers for Analyzing Denitrifying Microorganisms in the Hyporheic Zone
by Heejung Kim
Appl. Sci. 2020, 10(12), 4172; https://doi.org/10.3390/app10124172 - 17 Jun 2020
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2391
Abstract
In this study, the specific amplifications of six denitrification-associated genes using PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer sets were compared. Thereafter, the PCR primer sets that were determined to be suitable for each denitrification-associated gene were used to test samples from sixteen aqueous environments (three [...] Read more.
In this study, the specific amplifications of six denitrification-associated genes using PCR(Polymerase Chain Reaction) primer sets were compared. Thereafter, the PCR primer sets that were determined to be suitable for each denitrification-associated gene were used to test samples from sixteen aqueous environments (three from groundwater, three from stream water, and ten from hyporheic zone water). The specific amplification was determined using PCR primer sets for denitrification-associated genes and nucleic acids from eleven types of strains. NosZ was the most frequently amplified gene from the nucleic acid of type, with a specific band seen in all eleven strains. The specific band amplification and PCR time of the strains were analyzed to select one PCR primer set for each gene. The selected PCR primer sets were used to analyze sixteen samples from the aqueous environments in which denitrifying microorganisms were expected to be present. Specific bands of narG, nirS, and nosZ were most frequently observed in the hyporheic water samples. The results showed that microorganisms containing nirG (involved in the reduction of nitrate to nitrite), nirS (involved in the reduction of nitrite to nitric oxide), and nosZ (involved in the reduction of nitrous oxide to nitrogen gas) were the most abundant in the hyporheic zone samples used in this study. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Wastewater Bioremediation)
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