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Applied Sciences
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Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation...
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Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation in Soil and Aquatic Environments

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Chemical and Molecular Sciences".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 May 2019) | Viewed by 17141

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Sung-Eun Lee

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Guest Editor
Department of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41522, Republic of Korea
Interests: environmental toxicology; biomarkers; omics; combined toxicities
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Hokyong Shon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
1. Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater (CTWW), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
2. ARC Research Hub for Nutrients in a Circular Economy (NiCE), School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and IT, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
Interests: membrane technologies; resource recovery; desalination; wastewater treatment and reuse technologies; advanced oxidation processes; environmental nanomaterials; organic solvent nanofiltration; surface modification
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Sung-Deuk Choi

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Urban and Environmental Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan 44919, Korea
Interests: multimedia monitoring and modeling; persistent organic pollutants (POPs); monitoring of hazardous air pollutants; fine particles; development of response system for chemical accidents
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Joon-Kwan Moon

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Plant Life and Environmental Science, Hankyong National University, Ansung 456-749, Korea
Interests: pesticide analysis; analytical instruments; foods chromatography; natural products analysis;
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Recent studies have shown that pesticides and emerging organic pollutants (PEOPs) are widespread in soil and aquatic ecosystems, and these contaminants of increasing concern strongly inhibit the normal health functions of terrestrial and aquatic organisms, both invertebrates and vertebrates. Analytical protocols and eco-toxicity assessments should be developed to determine the presence of PEOPs and their metabolites and ensure that they are not harmful to soil and aquatic ecosystems.

It is necessary to measure PEOPs content and understand their fate and transformation in soil and aquatic environments, including rivers and estuarine habitats; it is also necessary to monitor the bioavailability of PEOPs in living organisms. Risk analysis is necessary to ensure environmental health and safeguard the human consumption of crops, fish, and marine products in general. Therefore, we need to understand the input and distribution of PEOPs in soil and aquatic systems as well as their toxic effects in terrestrial and aquatic organisms. Since PEOPs metabolic degradation leads to a reduction or activation of their toxic effects, biochemical and molecular biology studies on PEOPs’ metabolites are also needed for PEOP-exposed soils and aquatic organisms.

Biomarkers will help us understand how PEOPs impact terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Omics studies can develop such biomarkers in terrestrial and aquatic animals. In the interest of promoting a safe ecosystem, we need to reduce PEOPs in soil and aquatic ecosystems by gathering information about PEOPs of particular concern. In addition to these environmental studies, water treatment technology has been developed to minimize or remove PEOPs from contaminated water, (e.g., membrane treatments to remove pharmaceutical and personal care products “PPCPs”).

We invite researchers from all over the world to contribute their original research and reviews concerning how PEOPs adversely affect terrestrial and aquatic organisms. These articles may also monitor soil and aquatic environmental hazards caused by PEOPs. We are particularly interested in articles describing how the presence of PEOPs is monitored in our soils and aquatic environments. Articles or reviews describing methods to remove PEOPs from the soil and aquatic environment using advanced water treatment technologies are also welcome.

Potential topics can include, but are not limited to:

  • Monitoring PEOPs in rivers and sea, including estuarine habitats
  • Monitoring PEOPs in fish and marine products
  • Monitoring PEOPs in agricultural soils and crops
  • Analytical studies to detect PEOPs in soil and aquatic environments, including sludge
  • Development of biomarkers to detect PPCPs in soil and aquatic organisms
  • Omics studies to develop biomarkers to monitor how PEOPs affect soil and aquatic organisms
  • Environmental fate of PEOPs in soil and aquatic ecosystems, including crops
  • Environmental risk assessment related to PEOPs in soil and aquatic ecosystems
  • Water treatment technologies to minimize or remove PEOPs from the aquatic environment

Dr. Sung-Eun Lee
Prof. Dr. Hokyong Shon
Prof. Dr. Sung-Deuk Choi
Dr. Joon-Kwan Moon
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pesticides
  • emerging organic pollutants
  • analysis
  • ecotoxicology
  • treatments

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

10 pages, 1988 KiB  
Article
Effects of Some Hill Reaction-Inhibiting Herbicides on Nitrous Oxide Emission from Nitrogen-Input Farming Soil
by Yuta Takatsu, Sharon Y. L. Lau, Li Li and Yasuyuki Hashidoko
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(9), 1903; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9091903 - 09 May 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2976
Abstract
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission-suppressing activity of some electron-transport inhibitors of the Hill reaction system was investigated. The Hill reaction inhibitors—paraquat, isouron, bromacil, diquat, and simazine—all of which have been or are currently being used as herbicides in farming activity are expected [...] Read more.
Nitrous oxide (N2O) emission-suppressing activity of some electron-transport inhibitors of the Hill reaction system was investigated. The Hill reaction inhibitors—paraquat, isouron, bromacil, diquat, and simazine—all of which have been or are currently being used as herbicides in farming activity are expected to inhibit the electron-transporting pathways of nitrate respiration in denitrifying bacteria. Using N2O-emitting soil bed (5.0 g of fresh weight) from a continuously manured Andisol corn farmland in Hokkaido, Japan, which was autoclaved and further supplemented with an active N2O-emitter, Pseudomonas sp. 5CFM15-6D, and 1 mL of 100 mM NH4NO3 or (NH4)2SO4 solution as the sole nitrogen source (final concentration, 0.2 mM) in a 30 mL gas-chromatography vial, the effects of the five herbicides on N2O emission were examined. Paraquat and isouron (each at 50 µM) showed a statistically significant suppression of N2O emission in both the nitrification and the denitrification processes after a 7-day-incubation, whereas diquat at the same concentration accelerated N2O emission in the presence of NO3−. These results suggest that paraquat and isouron inhibited both the nitrification and the denitrification processes for N2O generation, or its upstream stages, whereas diquat specifically inhibited N2O reductase, an enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of N2O to N2 gas. Incomplete denitrifiers are the key players in the potent emission of N2O from Andisol corn farmland soil because of the missing nosZ gene. The electron relay system-inhibiting herbicides—paraquat and isouron—possibly contribute to the prevention of denitrification-induced nitrogen loss from the farming soil. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation in Soil and Aquatic Environments)
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17 pages, 2741 KiB  
Article
Characterization, Source and Risk of Pharmaceutically Active Compounds (PhACs) in the Snow Deposition Near Jiaozhou Bay, North China
by Quancai Peng, Jinming Song, Xuegang Li, Huamao Yuan and Guang Yang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(6), 1078; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061078 - 14 Mar 2019
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2459
Abstract
The occurrence and distribution of 110 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) were investigated in snow near Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), North China. All target substances were analyzed using solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.A total of 38 compounds were [...] Read more.
The occurrence and distribution of 110 pharmaceutically active compounds (PhACs) were investigated in snow near Jiaozhou Bay (JZB), North China. All target substances were analyzed using solid phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry.A total of 38 compounds were detected for the first time in snow, including 23 antibiotics, eight hormones, three nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, two antipsychotics, one beta-adrenergic receptor and one hypoglycemic drug. The total concentration of PhACs in snow ranged from 52.80 ng/L to 1616.02 ng/L. The compounds found at the highest mean concentrations included tetracycline (125.81 ng/L), desacetylcefotaxime (17.73 ng/L), ronidazole (8.79 ng/L) and triamcinolone diacetate (2.84 ng/L). The contribution of PhACs in the vicinity of JZB to the PhACs in the snow is far greater than the contribution of those transmitted over a long distance. PhACs are mainly derived from drugs applied to local humans and animals. Based on the individual risk quotient (RQ) values, tetracycline poses high risks to the relevant aquatic organisms (algae and invertebrates). The rational application and scientific management of PhACs is an effective approach to reduce the ecological risks in JZB. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation in Soil and Aquatic Environments)
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10 pages, 539 KiB  
Article
Residual Level of Chlorpyrifos in Lettuces Grown on Chlorpyrifos-Treated Soils
by Kyu-Won Hwang, Soo Cheol Yoo, Sung-Eun Lee and Joon-Kwan Moon
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(12), 2343; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8122343 - 22 Nov 2018
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3993
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the residual loss of chlorpyrifos and the amount transferred to lettuce from soil. Field trials on lettuce were conducted in two different greenhouses located in Yongin (field 1) and Gwangju (field 2) in Korea. Soil and lettuce [...] Read more.
This study was conducted to investigate the residual loss of chlorpyrifos and the amount transferred to lettuce from soil. Field trials on lettuce were conducted in two different greenhouses located in Yongin (field 1) and Gwangju (field 2) in Korea. Soil and lettuce samples were collected on different days after the treatment of chlorpyrifos at two different levels. The initial residue of chlorpyrifos (0.86 and 2.31 mg/kg) in soils decreased to 0.06 and 0.18 mg/kg, respectively, at 36 days after treatment (DAT) in field 1, and the initial residue with values of 11.10 and 22.59 mg/kg decreased to 1.20 and 3.04 mg/kg, respectively, at 43 DAT in field 2. In field 1, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were approximately 8.4 and 9.0 days for soils treated with 0.86 and 2.31 mg/kg, respectively, while in field 2, the half-lives of chlorpyrifos were approximately 18.7 and 13.9 days for soils treated with 11.10 and 22.59 mg/kg, respectively. Residue levels of chlorpyrifos on lettuce were 0.66–5.98% and 2.71–13.26% compared to the initial concentration in the soil. Therefore, the management guideline of chlorpyrifos for lettuce-cultivating soils could be suggested to be 0.75 mg/kg with regards to the Positive List System level of chlorpyrifos on lettuce of 0.01 mg/kg. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation in Soil and Aquatic Environments)
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14 pages, 2449 KiB  
Article
Proteomic Evaluation of Insecticidal Action of Phosphine on Green Peach Aphids, Myzus persicae
by Kyeongnam Kim, Jeong Sun Park, Jeong Oh Yang and Sung-Eun Lee
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(10), 1764; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8101764 - 29 Sep 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2775
Abstract
Phosphine (PH3) fumigation is one of the best alternatives to methyl bromide for regulating insect pests during storage and shipping. Recently, this treatment has been applied to other agricultural insect pests, including Myzus persicae. To understand the mode of PH [...] Read more.
Phosphine (PH3) fumigation is one of the best alternatives to methyl bromide for regulating insect pests during storage and shipping. Recently, this treatment has been applied to other agricultural insect pests, including Myzus persicae. To understand the mode of PH3 toxicity in M. persicae, proteomic analyses using liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry were conducted to measure comparative protein expression levels between PH3-treated samples and controls. PH3 treatment increased NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) flavoprotein 1, mitochondrial-like (complex I) expression, but decreased complex II and ATPases in the mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) of M. persicae. Glucosidase and antimicrobial proteins such as lysozymes showed enhanced expression in PH3-treated M. persicae. Some regulatory proteins related to apoptosis were more abundant in PH3-treated M. persicae. Biochemical activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and cytochrome c oxidase (COX) were also measured because these enzymes are known to be targeted by PH3. Only COX activity decreased in relation to increasing PH3 concentrations in adult M. persicae. The expression of six selected genes were determined in relation to PH3 treatments. No two-fold changes in the expression of the six genes was observed. Thus, PH3 toxicity caused disruption in the ETC and glucose supply, as well as dis-regulation of apoptosis in M. persicae. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation in Soil and Aquatic Environments)
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9 pages, 2291 KiB  
Article
Antifungal and Antiaflatoxigenic Activities of 1,8-Cineole and t-Cinnamaldehyde on Aspergillus flavus
by Hyeong-Mi Kim, Hyunwoo Kwon, Kyeongsoon Kim and Sung-Eun Lee
Appl. Sci. 2018, 8(9), 1655; https://doi.org/10.3390/app8091655 - 14 Sep 2018
Cited by 27 | Viewed by 4262
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus and A. parsiticus produce aflatoxins that are highly toxic to mammals and birds. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 1,8-cineole and t-cinnamaldehyde were examined on the growth of Aspergillus flavus ATCC 22546 and aflatoxin production. 1,8-Cineole showed 50% inhibition [...] Read more.
Aspergillus flavus and A. parsiticus produce aflatoxins that are highly toxic to mammals and birds. In this study, the inhibitory effects of 1,8-cineole and t-cinnamaldehyde were examined on the growth of Aspergillus flavus ATCC 22546 and aflatoxin production. 1,8-Cineole showed 50% inhibition of fungal growth at a concentration of 250 ppm, while t-cinnamaldehyde almost completely inhibited fungal growth at a concentration of 50 ppm. Furthermore, no fungal growth was observed when the growth medium was treated with 100 ppm t-cinnamaldehyde. 1,8-Cineole also exhibited 50% inhibition on the production of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin B2 at a concentration of 100 ppm, while the addition of 100 ppm t-cinnamaldehyde completely inhibited aflatoxin production. These antiaflatoxigenic activities were related to a dramatic downregulation of the expression of aflE and aflL by 1,8-cineole, but the mode of action for t-cinnamaldehyde was unclear. Collectively, our results suggest that both of the compounds are promising alternatives to the currently used disinfectant, propionic acid, for food and feedstuff preservation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Pesticide and Emerging Organic Pollutant Analyses and their Ecotoxicological Evaluation in Soil and Aquatic Environments)
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