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Applied Sciences
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New Challenges, Approaches and Methods in Radiation Protection
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New Challenges, Approaches and Methods in Radiation Protection

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Applied Physics General".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 November 2023) | Viewed by 4694

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Benjamin Zorko

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Jozef Stefan Institute, Ljubljana, Slovenia
Interests: ion beam analysis physics; accelerator physics; nuclear physics; vacuum sciences; radiation protection; radioecology; dosimetry; dose assessment

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ionising radiation is part of the natural environment that has surrounded all living organisms on Earth since the beginning of life. Humans and wildlife are constantly exposed to ionising radiation, which may be of natural origin (e.g., cosmic and terrestrial) or introduced into the environment by the evolution of modern societies and the development of various human activities. Therefore, humans, non-human organisms, and the environment harmful effects of ionising radiation exposure. The system of radiation protection is based on three fundamental principles: justification, optimisation and dose limitation. This enables the safe use and application of the ionizing radiation in everyday life. To protect organisms and the environment, it is essential to understand how radiation-induced effects occur, and how ionizing radiation interacts with the constituents when traversing the matter. Understanding, investigating and interpreting those basic processes has led to the development of several technological and scientific disciplines.

This Special Issue will publish high-quality, original research papers in the overlapping disciplines of:

  • Measurement and metrology;
  • Quality assurance in radiation protection;
  • Education and training;
  • Medical use and applications of ionizing radiation;
  • Other nuclear applications and applications of ionizing radiation (food irradiation, industrial, military, scientific applications, etc.);
  • Dosimetry;
  • Radioecology;
  • NORM;
  • Radon;
  • Radioactivity monitoring;
  • Emergency preparedness and response;
  • Radioactive waste management;
  • Perspectives in social sciences and related topics.

Dr. Benjamin Zorko
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • novelties in spectroscopy
  • new perspectives in education
  • cutting-edge technologies
  • effects and risks at low dose
  • radiosensitivity
  • radiosusceptibility
  • physical, geochemical and biological transfer processes in various biosphere compartments for radionuclides
  • tracer modelling
  • radiation monitoring management
  • decision-support strategies
  • countermeasure strategies
  • remediation aspects
  • scientific issues in the social sciences

Published Papers (3 papers)

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Research

12 pages, 2230 KiB  
Article
Average Glandular Dose (AGD) and Radiation Dose Optimization in Screen-Film and Digital X-ray Mammography
by Ibrahim I. Suliman, Sawsan Mohamed, Alaa Mahadi, Einas Bashier, Atifa Farah, Nada Hassan, Moez A. Ibrahem, Mohammed Khalil Mohammed Ali and Nada A. Ahmed
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(21), 11901; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132111901 - 31 Oct 2023
Viewed by 1051
Abstract
We determined the average glandular dose (AGD) from the craniocaudally (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of 496 breasts (247 women) at eight clinics in Sudan. The incident air kerma from the X-ray tube output values and the typical patient-specific breast exposure factors [...] Read more.
We determined the average glandular dose (AGD) from the craniocaudally (CC) and mediolateral oblique (MLO) views of 496 breasts (247 women) at eight clinics in Sudan. The incident air kerma from the X-ray tube output values and the typical patient-specific breast exposure factors were measured. The AGD values were inferred from the measured incident air kerma and breast-specific dose-conversion coefficients. The AGD per CC and MLO projection and per woman ranged from 0.56 to 2.89 mGy (average: 1.36), 0.48 to 2.08 mGy (average: 1.19), and 2.08 to 9.94 mGy (average: 5.10). The proposed national diagnostic reference levels (mGy) for digital mammography are 1.8 and 1.6 mGy for CC and MLO projection, respectively. Establishing the proposed diagnostic reference levels is an essential step in ensuring patient protection from radiation and will help promote dose optimization for X-ray mammography at the national level and beyond. These results provide important baseline data that can be used to formulate national diagnostic reference levels. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges, Approaches and Methods in Radiation Protection)
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9 pages, 851 KiB  
Article
Monitoring Pediatric Head CT Scan Dose Levels: A Retrospective Study of Diagnostic Reference Levels in a Single Hospital in Abu Dhabi, UAE
by Ayman Abulail, Azhar Abdul Rahman, Nurul Zahirah Noor Azman and Jamal Hassan
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(8), 4662; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13084662 - 07 Apr 2023
Viewed by 1741
Abstract
Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are critical operational standards for monitoring radiological imaging parameters and ensuring patient safety in hospitals. A regular review of DRLs is necessary to optimize scanners and protocol parameters. This retrospective study collected data on the CT dose index volume [...] Read more.
Diagnostic reference levels (DRLs) are critical operational standards for monitoring radiological imaging parameters and ensuring patient safety in hospitals. A regular review of DRLs is necessary to optimize scanners and protocol parameters. This retrospective study collected data on the CT dose index volume and dose–length product for 250 children who underwent head CT scans in the region of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. Descriptive statistics were used to present median, range, and interquartile range values for each pediatric age group, based on region and protocol. The 75th percentile was used as the reference point for local DRLs. Proposed values of DRLs were suggested per age groups; 304 mGy∙cm (children < 1 year), 385 mGy∙cm (children ≥ 1 year to <5 years), 441 mGy∙cm (children ≥ 5 years to <10 years), and 568 mGy∙cm (patients ≥ 10 years to <16 years. A comparison of the local DRLs with previously established ones was carried out, and differences were discussed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study on pediatric head CT scans in this region. We believe the results can be used as a baseline for establishing local DRLs in the Emirate of Abu Dhabi and national DRLs in the United Arab Emirates. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges, Approaches and Methods in Radiation Protection)
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16 pages, 9962 KiB  
Article
Shielding Assessment and Optimization of the Target Station for Medical Isotope Production Based on Superconducting Proton Linac
by Daiyuan Chen, Ricardo dos Santos Augusto, Yuanhong Li, Zhi Qin, Jian Rong, Kaiqiang Yao, Huan Jia, Chenzhang Yuan, Juntao Liu and Zhiyi Liu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1985; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031985 - 03 Feb 2023
Viewed by 1259
Abstract
In response to the worldwide shortage of 99mTc supply caused by the combined consequence from both decommissioning and maintenance of research reactors worldwide, the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Science and Lanzhou University have launched a collaboration [...] Read more.
In response to the worldwide shortage of 99mTc supply caused by the combined consequence from both decommissioning and maintenance of research reactors worldwide, the Institute of Modern Physics (IMP) of the Chinese Academy of Science and Lanzhou University have launched a collaboration to research and develop a 99mTc production solution based on the 25 MeV high-intensity superconducting proton linear accelerator. Radiation from high-current proton bombardment must be evaluated and considered carefully at the design stage to meet radiation protection (RP) policy and requirements of the shielding for the key device. This work employed FLUKA to conduct the shielding assessment of both prompt and residual radiation fields in several iterations, based on a prototype of the high-power target system. The prompt dose rates outside the target station are lower than the institution’s limit. The residual dose rates inside the station fall below 100 μSv/h at 64 h after the end of beam (EOB); the dominant source term is then the target chamber. The service life of the main actuator is expected to be extended by 2.7 times with the current partial shielding design. The simulation accelerating techniques are applied to balance the accuracy of results and the progress of the project at the same time, which is referential to the shielding assessment of large-scale nuclear facilities. The results can also be used in further study and construction of the target station. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue New Challenges, Approaches and Methods in Radiation Protection)
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