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Applied Sciences
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Three-Dimensional (3D) Techniques in Dentistry
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Three-Dimensional (3D) Techniques in Dentistry

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Biomedical Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 1779

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Fabiana Nicita

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Guest Editor
Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, Division of Medical Biotechnologies and Preventive Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
Interests: oral health; biomaterials; dental tissues; histology; immunofluorescence; dental materials
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The introduction of three-dimensional (3D) technologies has completely transformed the field of dentistry, providing enhanced accuracy, productivity, and patient outcomes. These advancements involve a range of technologies, such as 3D imaging, 3D printing, and computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), each of which plays a distinct role in different areas of dental care.

Three-dimensional imaging, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), outperforms conventional two-dimensional radiography in providing reliable assistance in implantology and orthodontics for evaluating bone density, detecting pathologies, and predicting treatment outcomes. Three-dimensional printing technology has significantly advanced prosthodontics, orthodontics, and surgical planning. In prosthodontics, 3D printing reduces the time and cost linked to conventional laboratory techniques while enhancing the accuracy and esthetics of dentures. Three-dimensional printing is crucial in orthodontics, as it produces tailor-made aligners and brackets that enable individualized treatment strategies. Moreover, the capability to print surgical guides for implantology guarantees accurate positioning, decreasing surgery duration and enhancing results. The CAD/CAM system integrates with 3D imaging and printing, offering a seamless workflow from diagnosis to treatment. This technology enables the design and manufacture of dental restorations (inlays, onlays, crowns, and veneers) in just one appointment, improving patient comfort and fit and the optimal function of the restorations. Additionally, it facilitates the development of customized implant abutments to enhance durability and success rates and underpins the planning and delivery of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners. This Special Issue aims to explore the revolutionary influence of 3D techniques, providing insights into the current state and potential future of dentistry.

Dr. Fabiana Nicita
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • three-dimensional
  • imaging
  • printing
  • CAD/CAM
  • implantology
  • orthodontics
  • prosthodontics

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Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

15 pages, 4960 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Insights into 3D Cheiloscopy for Forensic Applications: A Pilot Study
by Emanuele Di Vita, Antonino Cacioppo, Fabio Massimo Sciarra, Pietro Messina, Enzo Maria Cumbo, Giovanni Caivano, Stefania Zerbo, Antonina Argo, Giuseppe Davide Albano and Giuseppe Alessandro Scardina
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(4), 1726; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15041726 - 8 Feb 2025
Viewed by 690
Abstract
Background: Cheiloscopy, a forensic technique based on the uniqueness of labial traces, has traditionally relied on analog methods. While simple, these methods present significant limitations in terms of precision and reproducibility. The introduction of 3D technology, specifically high-resolution optical scanners, represents a pivotal [...] Read more.
Background: Cheiloscopy, a forensic technique based on the uniqueness of labial traces, has traditionally relied on analog methods. While simple, these methods present significant limitations in terms of precision and reproducibility. The introduction of 3D technology, specifically high-resolution optical scanners, represents a pivotal advancement in overcoming these challenges. Objective: This pilot study aimed to explore the feasibility and potential advantages of 3D cheiloscopy in forensic science by analyzing its precision and repeatability compared to traditional analog methods. Methods: Two participants were selected as a pilot sample, and their lip impressions were captured using both analog techniques and a high-resolution intraoral scanner (Medit i700). A total of 40 samples were collected, equally distributed among operators with varying levels of experience. Surface deviation analysis was performed to compare the methods. Results: The 3D models demonstrated greater uniformity and resolution compared to the analog impressions, which were more prone to errors caused by material quality or operator pressure. Surface deviation analysis showed an average similarity of 70%, with a standard deviation of 0.229 mm. The digital methods also significantly reduced operator-dependent variability. Conclusions: This pilot study highlights the potential of 3D cheiloscopy to improve precision and standardization in forensic applications. While the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings, the results provide a foundation for further research with larger and more diverse datasets. Future studies should explore the capability of 3D cheiloscopy to accurately match individuals and further validate its applicability in forensic and clinical contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Three-Dimensional (3D) Techniques in Dentistry)
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12 pages, 12866 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Three-Dimensional Analysis for the Clinical Reproduction of Orthodontic Attachments: A Preliminary Study
by Fabiana Nicita, Fabio Salmeri, Michele Runci Anastasi, Emidio Aquilio, Frank Lipari, Antonio Centofanti and Angelo Favaloro
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7963; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177963 - 6 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 836
Abstract
In invisible orthodontics, the role of composite attachments in facilitating complex tooth movements is crucial. This study, which evaluates the efficacy of a novel clinical attachment procedure, holds significant implications for the field. The technique used two templates (one pre-drilled and the other [...] Read more.
In invisible orthodontics, the role of composite attachments in facilitating complex tooth movements is crucial. This study, which evaluates the efficacy of a novel clinical attachment procedure, holds significant implications for the field. The technique used two templates (one pre-drilled and the other pre-loaded with high-viscosity composites) and was compared with the standard procedure. Fifty attachments were planned for four dental arch prototypes. Dental impressions were taken using digital scans for virtual planning and after tested techniques. The stereolithographic files (STL) obtained were aligned with those of the virtual planning, and a colorimetric map was used to evaluate the composite resin’s maximum excess and defect deviation. The enamel–resin interfaces were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The Fisher test for the distribution of detachments and morphological defects and the Mann–Whitney test for the maximum values of excess and defect were used. No significant results were found between groups for morphological defects and detachments, and the maximum values of defect and excess were reported. SEM images for the experimental technique showed integrated adhesion. This innovative procedure, which has proven reliable and operationally straightforward, holds promise, instilling confidence in its practicality and potential to advance the field of orthodontics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Three-Dimensional (3D) Techniques in Dentistry)
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