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Applied Sciences
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Ceramic Composites and Films
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Ceramic Composites and Films

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Materials Science and Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 September 2019) | Viewed by 28289

Special Issue Editor

Prof. Dr. Yuzo Nakamura

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kagoshima University, 1-21-40, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan
Interests: mechanical properties and microstructures of metals; ceramics and composites; heat treatment; spark plasma sintering; microstructural analysis (XRD, XRF, SEM, EPMA, EDS, EBSD. XPS, TEM, etc.); 3D morphology measurement and its application to fractography and surface analysis; contact mechanics and its application to material tests
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Ceramic composites are one of the most attractive materials that can be applied in a variety of fields. It has been shown that composites exhibit superior properties to monolithic ceramics. Ceramic composites are utilized in very severe conditions and environments in which metallic materials cannot be used. There are many ways to fabricate ceramic composites, from the preparation stage of the raw materials and powders to the sintering stage. The microstructure and properties of ceramic composites are strongly affected by the synthesis processes and conditions. Fiber-reinforced ceramic composites exhibit some elongation due to the pulling-out of fibers and crack deflection around the fibers, resulting in much higher toughness in comparison with monolithic ceramics without reinforcement. Ceramic nanocomposites are receiving growing interest due to their high strength and properties characterized by nanograins. In the field of membrane technology, porous ceramic composites have been studied in order to control the porous structure and size for the improvement of membrane performance.

Ceramic coatings can improve the performance of coated materials such as wear resistance, reduction of friction, corrosion resistance, etc. The fabrication procedure also ranges widely, from dipping in sol–gel solutions and sintering, to chemical vapor deposition (CVD) of gaseous materials. The microstructure and properties of ceramic films and coatings, as well as the interfacial structures between the coating and substrates are influenced by the fabrication processes and conditions.

In this Special Issue “Ceramic Composites and Films”, focus is put on fundamental and novel advancements relating to the fabrication, microstructure, properties and other issues concerning ceramic composites and films. Papers on recent and innovative research are welcome.

Assoc. Prof. Yuzo Nakamura
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

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Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • Design of ceramic composites and films
  • Fabrication of ceramic composites and films
  • Microstructure of ceramic composites and films
  • Ceramic nanocomposites
  • Strength of ceramic composites and films
  • Fracture toughness of ceramic composites and films
  • Delamination of ceramic films
  • Porous ceramic composites and films
  • Effect of environment and temperature on the properties of ceramic composites
  • Natural-resource-based ceramic composites

Published Papers (7 papers)

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Research

8 pages, 27753 KiB  
Article
Synergy Effects in Electromagnetic Properties of Phosphate Ceramics with Silicon Carbide Whiskers and Carbon Nanotubes
by Artyom Plyushch, Jan Macutkevič, Polina Kuzhir, Aliaksei Sokal, Konstantin Lapko, Algirdas Selskis and Jūras Banys
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(20), 4388; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9204388 - 17 Oct 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2336
Abstract
Hybrid composite materials based on an aluminium phosphate matrix with silicon carbide whiskers and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were studied in a wide frequency range (20 Hz to 36 GHz). It was demonstrated, that the addition of the silicon carbide whiskers enhances the dielectric [...] Read more.
Hybrid composite materials based on an aluminium phosphate matrix with silicon carbide whiskers and multi-walled carbon nanotubes were studied in a wide frequency range (20 Hz to 36 GHz). It was demonstrated, that the addition of the silicon carbide whiskers enhances the dielectric permittivity and conductivity. This was explained by the difference in tunnelling parameters. Hybrid ceramics with nanotubes and whiskers also exhibits substantially improved electromagnetic shielding properties. The hybrid ceramics with 10 wt. % silicon carbide whiskers and a 1 mm thick 1.5 wt. % carbon nanotube layer, show higher than 50% absorption of electromagnetic radiation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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15 pages, 5556 KiB  
Article
Dye Adsorbent Materials Based on Porous Ceramics from Glass Fiber-Reinforced Plastic and Clay
by Kentaro Yasui, Koya Sasaki, Naoya Ikeda and Hiroyuki Kinoshita
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(8), 1574; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081574 - 16 Apr 2019
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3824
Abstract
We investigated the use of waste glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) to remove dye from industrial wastewater. The dye adsorbent material, based on GFRP/clay ceramics, was produced by mixing crushed GFRP with clay and firing the resulting mixture. Several types of ceramics were produced [...] Read more.
We investigated the use of waste glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) to remove dye from industrial wastewater. The dye adsorbent material, based on GFRP/clay ceramics, was produced by mixing crushed GFRP with clay and firing the resulting mixture. Several types of ceramics were produced by adjusting the mixing ratio of clay, crushed 40% GF/GFRP, and firing atmosphere. Adsorption tests with methylene blue (MB) dye were performed by mixing the ceramics into an MB solution while controlling the stirring speed and measuring the decrease in MB dye concentration over time. These results showed that GFRP/clay ceramics reductively fired at 1073 K had a higher MB dye adsorption ability than that of the clay ceramic. The MB dye absorptivity of the reductively fired ceramics increased as we increased the mixing ratio of GFRP. We attribute this result to the high plastic carbide content in the ceramic, which has excellent dye absorbability. Furthermore, these particles had a comparatively high specific surface area and porosity. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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20 pages, 20012 KiB  
Article
Iridescent Techniques in Ceramics: Physico-Chemical Analysis and Colorimetric Characterization of the Headquarters of the Botín Foundation in Santander
by Víctor Echarri-Iribarren, Ángel B. González-Avilés and Valentín Viqueira-Pérez
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(8), 1521; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9081521 - 12 Apr 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 8837
Abstract
In recent years, the use of porcelain stoneware in building envelopes has opened new lines of research and innovation favoring energy efficiency and the reduction of environmental impacts. However, there has been little research on its relationship with light vibration and reflectivity, visual [...] Read more.
In recent years, the use of porcelain stoneware in building envelopes has opened new lines of research and innovation favoring energy efficiency and the reduction of environmental impacts. However, there has been little research on its relationship with light vibration and reflectivity, visual perception, and integration in the urban environment and landscape. In this study, an analysis was conducted on the production and application of crafted pieces of porcelain stoneware, shaped in spherical caps, at the headquarters of the Botín Foundation in Santander (Spain). Various enamels with an iridescent-nacreous finish and metallic reflection were applied to the stoneware to generate a vibrant skin that would constantly change with natural light and the environment. A vitrification and metal deposition process were designed through successive applications of enamels and firings. The physico-chemical properties of the enameling and the microcracking factors that produced the iridescent effect were characterized. A colorimetric characterization was performed evaluating the goniochromatic or iridescent colors, measuring the spectral radiance factor of the light, and comparing these results with other ceramic pieces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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8 pages, 1659 KiB  
Article
Fabrication of ZrO2(MgO)/CaAl2O4+CaAl4O7 Bilayer Structure Used for Sulfur Sensor by Laser Cladding
by Tianpeng Wen, Jingkun Yu, Endong Jin, Lei Yuan, Yuting Zhou and Chen Tian
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(6), 1036; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9061036 - 13 Mar 2019
Viewed by 2263
Abstract
The ZrO2(MgO)/CaAl2O4+CaAl4O7 bilayer structure used for sulfur sensor was fabricated by the laser powder cladding (LPC) method using the MgO partially stabilized zirconia (2.7 wt% MgO-PSZ) as the substrate and the CaAl2O [...] Read more.
The ZrO2(MgO)/CaAl2O4+CaAl4O7 bilayer structure used for sulfur sensor was fabricated by the laser powder cladding (LPC) method using the MgO partially stabilized zirconia (2.7 wt% MgO-PSZ) as the substrate and the CaAl2O4 + CaAl4O7 composites as the coating material. The microstructure, phase composition and ionic conductivity of this bilayer structure were investigated for better application in the sulfur determination. The results indicated that the structure of the coating was dense and well-distributed with a thickness of 100 μm. The ionic conductivity of the ZrO2(MgO)/CaAl2O4+CaAl4O7 bilayer structure was up to 2.06 × 10−3 S·cm−1 at 850 °C that met the required ionic conductivity of ionic conductor for solid electrolyte sulfur sensor. Furthermore, the sulfur sensor Mo|Cr+Cr2O3| ZrO2(MgO)| CaAl2O4+CaAl4O7|[S]Fe| Mo was assembled used this bilayer structure and tested in carbon-saturated liquid iron at 1773 K and 1823 K. The stability and reproducibility of the sulfur sensor were satisfactory and could be used for sulfur determination in the liquid iron. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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11 pages, 2863 KiB  
Article
Study on the Preparation Technology of a Ceramic Panel with a Magnetic Interlayer for an Induction Cooker
by Aijin Pan, Haifeng Lan, Yongjun Huang, Peng Chen and Shuangxi Wang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(5), 970; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050970 - 7 Mar 2019
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2246
Abstract
In order to expand the range of pot materials for induction cookers, a kind of sandwich structural composite ceramic panel that consists of an Al2O3 ceramic substrate, magnetic heating interlayer, and ZrO2 ceramic substrate was developed by combining the [...] Read more.
In order to expand the range of pot materials for induction cookers, a kind of sandwich structural composite ceramic panel that consists of an Al2O3 ceramic substrate, magnetic heating interlayer, and ZrO2 ceramic substrate was developed by combining the tape casting process and the screen printing process. In this research, the slurry composition of the functional phase, glass powder, and organic carrier was optimized for preparing the heating interlayer with excellent electromagnetic properties. The influences of the glass powder content and the magnetic layer structure on the thermal shock resistance of the composite ceramic panel were studied. The finite element model of the composite ceramic panel under thermal load was established through ANSYS software. In the range of 0.1–0.3 mm thickness of a magnetic heating interlayer, the temperature field and the macroscopic stress field of the composite ceramic panel were simulated, and the influence of the magnetic layer structure on the thermal stress distribution of the composite ceramic panel was analyzed. The experimental results showed that the magnetic layer had the best quality when the amount of glass powder added was 9 wt%. The ANSYS simulation revealed that the gradient structure of the magnetic layer could reduce the stress between the alumina layer and the magnetic layer from 308 to 192 MPa, which significantly improved the thermal shock resistance of the composite ceramic panel. Therefore, the gradient structure of the magnetic layer could ensure the stability of the composite ceramic panel after five cycles of electromagnetic heating. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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16 pages, 5663 KiB  
Article
Prediction Model for the Anisotropic Thermal Conductivity of a 2.5-D Braided Ceramic Matrix Composite with Thin-Wall Structure
by Zecan Tu, Junkui Mao, Xingsi Han and Zhenzong He
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(5), 875; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9050875 - 1 Mar 2019
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 4161
Abstract
The thickness of the hot component in a turbine engine is usually small. Therefore, the traditional prediction model of anisotropic thermal conductivity (ATC) based on the periodic hypothesis may be improper for use in the thermal analysis of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components [...] Read more.
The thickness of the hot component in a turbine engine is usually small. Therefore, the traditional prediction model of anisotropic thermal conductivity (ATC) based on the periodic hypothesis may be improper for use in the thermal analysis of ceramic matrix composite (CMC) components with a thin-wall structure. Thus, the prediction model for the ATC of a 2.5-D braided CMC was investigated, taking into account the actual thickness of the CMC thin-wall structure. An RVE (Representative Volume Element) model with a periodic boundary and a full-size model with the actual thickness were built to study the temperature field, the heat flux field, and the effective thermal conductivity of the CMC. A validation experiment was carried out to verify the accuracy of the two prediction models. The effect of the composite’s thickness on the ATC and the critical thickness suitable for the RVE model were also studied. The results showed that in the thermal analysis of the thin-wall structure, the RVE model had a large deviation in the estimation of the effective thermal conductivity in the thickness direction. The relative error between the numerical data based on the RVE model and the experimental data reached 10.93%, while the relative error was only 3.53% for the full-size model. Additionally, with increasing thickness, the effective thermal conductivities, based on the RVE model and the full-size model, were close to each other. For the critical thickness for the RVE model, which would be suitable for the prediction of the ATC, if the material’s thermal properties such as the absolute value ratio and the level of anisotropy changed, the corresponding critical thickness was also different. For the ATC of the SiC/SiC composites used in this study, the critical thickness was found to be 18.4 mm, nearly 31 times larger than the RVE model’s thickness. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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12 pages, 6332 KiB  
Article
Yttria Ceria Co-Stabilized Zirconia Reinforced with Alumina and Strontium Hexaaluminate
by Andrea Gommeringer, Lennart Nölle, Frank Kern and Rainer Gadow
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(4), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9040729 - 20 Feb 2019
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3991
Abstract
Zirconia materials are frequently used in dental applications due to their excellent strength and their tooth-like aspect. Standard yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics suffer, however, from moderate toughness and vulnerability to low-temperature degradation. In this study, 1Y6Ce-TZP materials reinforced with different amounts of [...] Read more.
Zirconia materials are frequently used in dental applications due to their excellent strength and their tooth-like aspect. Standard yttria stabilized zirconia (Y-TZP) ceramics suffer, however, from moderate toughness and vulnerability to low-temperature degradation. In this study, 1Y6Ce-TZP materials reinforced with different amounts of alumina and/or strontium hexaaluminate were manufactured by slip casting and pressureless sintering at different temperatures to assess their mechanical properties, microstructure, phase composition, and low-temperature degradation stability. Results show that these materials exhibit a high fracture resistance of 10–12 MPa√m, a bending strength between 700–950 MPa, and a Vickers hardness of 1100–1200 HV10. Strontium hexaaluminate (SA6) precipitates were formed in situ by reaction of alumina and strontium zirconate. Although crack deflection at SA6 platelets was clearly visible, a net toughening was not observed. Accelerated ageing tests at 134 °C/3 bar water vapor pressure showed best results for mixed alumina/SA6 reinforcements and a sintering temperature of 1500 °C. Mehl-Avrami-Johnson plots used to describe the ageing kinetics showed clear indications of different ageing mechanisms due to the introduction of the SA6 phase. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ceramic Composites and Films)
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