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Applied Sciences
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Autonomous Vehicles: Latest Advances and Prospects
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Autonomous Vehicles: Latest Advances and Prospects

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Transportation and Future Mobility".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (20 June 2023) | Viewed by 9690

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Pavel Kučera

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Institute of Automotive Engineering, Brno University of Technology, Technická 2896/2, 616 69 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: automobile engineering
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Martin Jonák

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Telecommunications, Brno University of Technology, Technická 3082/12, 616 00 Brno, Czech Republic
Interests: computational modeling; optimization algorithms; image processing (optical flows, segmentation); machine learning (deep learning and convolutional neural networks)

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Current trends in the automotive industry are heading into the era of artificial intelligence, where various scientific challenges await us. Therefore, this special edition focuses on autonomous vehicles and related contexts. The complexity of such systems makes it possible to find new approaches or extensions of existing ones such as Deep learning, ECU with GPU, use of sensor fusion, use of digital twins, creation of control algorithms, use of sophisticated sensors and their data processing, use of vehicle simulators and virtual reality for autonomous vehicle testing and a number of other industries. Together, these trends represent important elements of autonomous vehicles and bring challenges to the competitiveness of autonomous vehicle manufacturers, new opportunities for customers, but also the creation of requirements for state authorities to prepare legislation for autonomous vehicles worldwide. Autonomous vehicles can bring a number of safety benefits, and when using the V2X, this can lead to a significant reduction in energy consumption and time savings. Researchers from universities, research institutes and industry are cordially invited to submit original articles on this topic.

Dr. Pavel Kučera
Dr. Martin Jonák
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • autonomous vehicle
  • DNN, sensor
  • algorithm
  • vehicle simulator
  • virtual testing
  • hardware

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

16 pages, 3293 KiB  
Article
V2X-Based Highly Reliable Warning System for Emergency Vehicles
by Kochupillai Selvaraj Arikumar, Sahaya Beni Prathiba, Shakila Basheer, Rajalakshmi Shenbaga Moorthy, Ankur Dumka and Mamoon Rashid
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1950; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031950 - 02 Feb 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2453
Abstract
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) in networks is a communication technology that allows vehicles to communicate with their surroundings. Traffic congestion and unawareness of the travel of emergency vehicles (EVs) lead to delays in reaching the destination of the EV. In order to overcome this time [...] Read more.
Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) in networks is a communication technology that allows vehicles to communicate with their surroundings. Traffic congestion and unawareness of the travel of emergency vehicles (EVs) lead to delays in reaching the destination of the EV. In order to overcome this time delay, we propose a jitter-to-highly reliable (J2H) approach of customizing the traffic signals and an alert passer mechanism to alert other vehicles. Once an EV is started, its source, destination and level of emergency will be updated on the network, and based on the traffic density, the fastest route to reach the destination is determined. The V2X system in the J2H approach passes an alert to all the traffic signals on that route. The traffic signals will continuously monitor the position of the vehicle by using the Global Positioning System (GPS). Based on the position of the vehicle, the distance between the vehicle and the traffic signal on that route is periodically updated. Once the vehicle comes within the range of the closest traffic signal, based on constraints such as number of lanes, emergency level, types of roads, traffic density, number of EVs approaching, and time of arrival of the vehicles, the traffic signal will be customized. The V2X then passes the information to all the traffic signals that are available in the route of the EV. The alert passer mechanism warns about the approaching EV to other vehicles on that route. Thus, by adapting the J2H technique, EVs can overcome the time delay to reach the destination. Traffic congestion is overcome by customizing the traffic signals. Path blockage can be cleared by vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Vehicles: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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15 pages, 8050 KiB  
Article
A Rapid Verification System for Automatic Emergency Braking Control Algorithm of Passenger Car
by Jun Xu, Liangyu Li, Ran Zhao, Feng Deng and Gangyan Li
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(1), 508; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13010508 - 30 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1858
Abstract
The automatic emergency braking (AEB) system of the passenger car is responsible for auxiliary braking judgment and decision-making in an emergency. Due to the inevitable pressure response delay of passenger car pneumatic braking systems, a large number of verification tests should be carried [...] Read more.
The automatic emergency braking (AEB) system of the passenger car is responsible for auxiliary braking judgment and decision-making in an emergency. Due to the inevitable pressure response delay of passenger car pneumatic braking systems, a large number of verification tests should be carried out to propose appropriate strategies and algorithms. To realize the rapid verification of the AEB control algorithm, a verification system integrating software-in-the-loop (SIL) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) was proposed for a two-axle passenger car. It can verify the logic feasibility of the control algorithm through SIL testing, and can verify the implementation effect of the control algorithm through HIL testing. The verification system is composed of IPG, dSPACE, and a pneumatic braking bench. Considering the influence of pneumatic braking delay, it is well-matched with the actual vehicle AEB system. The AEB hierarchical control algorithm was verified under three typical test conditions. The results show that the SIL testing results of speed and relative distance are in good agreement with the HIL testing results, and the average relative deviation of relative distance is only 1.7 m. The single test time of the SIL testing is about 228 s, which can meet the requirements of rapid verification of the AEB control algorithm of the passenger car. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Vehicles: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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19 pages, 2534 KiB  
Article
Evaluation and Testing System for Automotive LiDAR Sensors
by Tiago Gomes, Ricardo Roriz, Luís Cunha, Andreas Ganal, Narciso Soares, Teresa Araújo and João Monteiro
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(24), 13003; https://doi.org/10.3390/app122413003 - 18 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 3271
Abstract
The world is facing a great technological transformation towards fully autonomous vehicles, where optimists predict that by 2030 autonomous vehicles will be sufficiently reliable, affordable, and common to displace most human driving. To cope with these trends, reliable perception systems must enable vehicles [...] Read more.
The world is facing a great technological transformation towards fully autonomous vehicles, where optimists predict that by 2030 autonomous vehicles will be sufficiently reliable, affordable, and common to displace most human driving. To cope with these trends, reliable perception systems must enable vehicles to hear and see all their surroundings, with light detection and ranging (LiDAR) sensors being a key instrument for recreating a 3D visualization of the world in real time. However, perception systems must rely on accurate measurements of the environment. Thus, these intelligent sensors must be calibrated and benchmarked before being placed on the market or assembled in a car. This article presents an Evaluation and Testing Platform for Automotive LiDAR sensors, with the main goal of testing both commercially available sensors and new sensor prototypes currently under development in Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal. The testing system can benchmark any LiDAR sensor under different conditions, recreating the expected driving environment in which such devices normally operate. To characterize and validate the sensor under test, the platform evaluates several parameters, such as the field of view (FoV), angular resolution, sensor’s range, etc., based only on the point cloud output. This project is the result of a partnership between the University of Minho and Bosch Car Multimedia Portugal. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Vehicles: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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10 pages, 2372 KiB  
Article
Selected Problems in a Two-Vehicle Impact Collision Modeling
by Iwo Aleksandrowicz, Jarosław Zalewski and Piotr Aleksandrowicz
Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(19), 9921; https://doi.org/10.3390/app12199921 - 02 Oct 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1375
Abstract
In this paper, a potential use of the basic parameters of a road collision in a forensic activity was analyzed. A selected case of a frontal, eccentric, and oblique collision between two motor vehicles was analyzed from the point of view of both [...] Read more.
In this paper, a potential use of the basic parameters of a road collision in a forensic activity was analyzed. A selected case of a frontal, eccentric, and oblique collision between two motor vehicles was analyzed from the point of view of both a computer simulation and a model. The case has been presented as an attempt to identify the collision parameters necessary to conduct the analytical calculations useful in analyzing specific road accidents. The simulation results were obtained in V-SIM software, which is widely used in collision reconstructions by forensic experts and appraisers. It was further analyzed from the point of view of a mathematical model, with the use of the force–impulse method and avoiding the use of the coefficients of restitution in the normal and tangential directions versus the adopted coordinate frame. In the analytical calculations, apart from the masses and the velocities of vehicles, the collision angles and the vicarial coefficient of adhesion between the colliding vehicles (µ) are also important. The approach presented in the article enables an expert to verify the obtained results of a computer program simulation. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Autonomous Vehicles: Latest Advances and Prospects)
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