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Physical and Biochemical Processes in Chemical and Environmental Engineering

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Green Sustainable Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2025 | Viewed by 351

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Guest Editor
Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, 50100 Kozani, Greece
Interests: water and wastewater treatment; advanced bio-oxidation processes; sewage sludge management; resources and energy recovery from wastewater; soil and groundwater bioremediation; bio-electrochemical systems; mathematical modeling
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Physical and biochemical processes are fundamental to understanding and applying chemical and environmental engineering technologies, as they enable the development of sustainable and efficient solutions. In chemical engineering, physical processes include heat and mass transfer, phase changes, fluid dynamics, and diffusion, which are essential for designing reactors, separation units, and other equipment in industrial applications. These processes allow for the efficient production of chemicals, fuels, and materials while also helping to optimize energy efficiency and reduce waste.

In environmental engineering, biochemical processes are used for wastewater treatment, waste management, and the biological remediation of contaminated sites. By utilizing microorganisms, enzymes, and other biological systems, these processes break down organic pollutants and neutralize hazardous substances, contributing to reducing pollutants and restoring environmental quality. Notably, technologies such as biological reactors and wastewater treatment systems harness physical and biochemical processes to provide clean water and air quality solutions.

The combined understanding of physical and biochemical processes is also critical for developing new, more efficient renewable energy technologies, such as biomass and biofuels, while supporting efforts to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve sustainable development. With ongoing advancements in these fields, engineers can push forward innovative solutions that integrate technology with environmental needs, improving quality of life and minimizing the impact of human activities on the planet.

Dr. Ioanna Vasiliadou
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • physical processes
  • biochemical processes
  • chemical engineering
  • environmental engineering
  • mass transfer operations
  • membrane filtration
  • biodegradation
  • carbon capture and storage (CCS)
  • reactors design
  • separation of substances
  • renewable energy sources
  • sustainable development
  • biofuels
  • waste management

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

15 pages, 3122 KiB  
Article
Mathematical Correlations for Volumetric (Density and Specific Gravity) Properties of Diesel/Biodiesel Blends
by Vasileios Vasileiadis, Ioanna Th. Papageorgiou, Christos Kyriklidis, Ioanna A. Vasiliadou and Constantinos G. Tsanaktsidis
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(8), 4404; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15084404 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 249
Abstract
Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source to conventional diesel. The use of biodiesel blends with diesel to meet energy needs can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as biodiesel produces smaller amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) when burned. [...] Read more.
Biodiesel is a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative energy source to conventional diesel. The use of biodiesel blends with diesel to meet energy needs can significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, as biodiesel produces smaller amounts of carbon dioxide (CO2) when burned. In addition, diesel/biodiesel blends can be used as fuel in existing diesel engines without the need to modify them, and their exploitation reduces dependence on oil imports and the impact of oil prices on the economy. Since increasing the percentage of biodiesel in diesel/biodiesel blends aims to increase the environmental and economic benefits, it is necessary to know the physicochemical properties of these blends, such as density, specific gravity, etc. The aim of the present work was to use appropriate mathematical equations that can predict the physicochemical properties of mixtures under different conditions of temperature and mixing ratios. Kay’s mathematical mixing expression, the Tammann–Tait equation, and empirical equations were used to describe the dependence of the density (ρ, kg/m3) of the mixtures on the volume percentage (v%) of biodiesel mixed with diesel and the temperature variance (T, K). In addition, mathematical equations were used to predict the specific gravity (Sg) of the mixtures. Mathematical estimations were based on experimental data obtained by blending diesel and animal or vegetable biodiesel volume percentages. These data showed the effect of different mixing volume percentages of biodiesel and diesel (from 0% to 100% biodiesel) on their physicochemical characteristics under different temperatures (278 to 298 K). The accuracy of the mathematical estimations was evaluated using factors such as the Nash and Sutcliffe coefficient (E) and relative root mean squared error (MSE%). The results showed that the selected mathematical equations were able to accurately estimate (E up to 0.9988 and MSE up to 0.4%) the increased density and specific gravity as the volume percentage of biodiesel increased and temperature decreased. The present study uses mathematical tools for choosing the right blending ratios and conditions, depending on the desired features of the finished product. Full article
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