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Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System
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Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System

A special issue of Applied Sciences (ISSN 2076-3417). This special issue belongs to the section "Energy Science and Technology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 December 2023) | Viewed by 6509

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Jiandong Duan

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Electrical Engineering, Haerbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Interests: energy conversion and control; energy storage systems
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Yaoqiang Wang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Interests: power electronics; renewable power generation; energy storage system; flexible power distribution

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Electrical energy storage technology plays an increasingly important role in the new energy revolution and new power system. Electrical energy storage technology is developing towards the direction of a high energy density, high power density, long life, high safety, and a low cost. At present, there are still many challenges. This Special Issue focuses on the latest progress of integrated electrical energy storage technology, including the following aspects: the basic theory and new technology of the energy storage system, the energy management technology of the energy storage system, the power conversion technology of the energy storage system, and the operation planning of the energy storage system and the grid-connected control methods. The objective is to provide an opportunity for scholars in related fields to display and exchange the latest achievements, establish a database of achievements in the field of electrical energy storage technology, and provide solutions for the related application fields.

Dr. Jiandong Duan
Dr. Yaoqiang Wang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Applied Sciences is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • optimal design of energy storage system
  • composite energy storage system
  • energy storage system integration
  • energy storage power transformation
  • energy storage planning and capacity allocation
  • coordinated optimal scheduling
  • energy storage system control

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

25 pages, 9172 KiB  
Article
Fast State-of-Charge-Balancing Strategy for Distributed Energy Storage Units Interfacing with DC–DC Boost Converters
by Minghang Duan, Jiandong Duan, Quntao An and Li Sun
Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(3), 1255; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14031255 - 2 Feb 2024
Viewed by 681
Abstract
State-of-charge balance is vital for allowing multiple energy storage units (ESUs) to make the most of stored energy and ensure safe operation. Concerning scenarios wherein boost converters are used as the interfaces between ESUs and loads, this paper proposes a balancing strategy for [...] Read more.
State-of-charge balance is vital for allowing multiple energy storage units (ESUs) to make the most of stored energy and ensure safe operation. Concerning scenarios wherein boost converters are used as the interfaces between ESUs and loads, this paper proposes a balancing strategy for realizing consistent state-of-charge (SoC) levels and equal currents among different ESUs. This strategy is valid for both parallel and series applications. Its advantages also include its high precision of SoC equalization without extra sensors and fast convergence. A common outer voltage loop is used to accomplish tight voltage regulation, while multiple inner current loops are utilized to achieve current control and SoC balance simultaneously. Firstly, by introducing SoC-based current distribution ratios (CDRs) to modify current references online, the currents are gradually adjusted to eliminate SoC deviations. Secondly, to expedite the balancing process, current saturations are further adopted. Thirdly, the influences of accelerating factor and current limits in CDR expressions are analyzed, and their selection guidelines are subsequently provided. Fourthly, the controller design, consisting of a dual loop, is illustrated to guarantee sufficient stability margins. Fifthly, an experimental platform consisting of three battery ESUs is developed to verify the proposed strategy. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System)
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25 pages, 9067 KiB  
Article
Multi-Energy Cooperative Primary Frequency Regulation Analysis of a Hybrid Plant Station for Wind Power and Hydrogen Production Based on Ensemble Empirical-Mode Decomposition Algorithm
by Dongyang Sun, Jixuan Yu, Wenyuan Zheng, Junlin Ruan and Guangxin Zu
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(22), 12394; https://doi.org/10.3390/app132212394 - 16 Nov 2023
Viewed by 709
Abstract
Wind curtailment and inadequate grid-connected frequency regulation capability are the main obstacles preventing wind power from becoming more permeable. The electric hydrogen production system can tackle the wind curtailment issue by converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy under normal operating circumstances. It can [...] Read more.
Wind curtailment and inadequate grid-connected frequency regulation capability are the main obstacles preventing wind power from becoming more permeable. The electric hydrogen production system can tackle the wind curtailment issue by converting electrical energy into hydrogen energy under normal operating circumstances. It can be applied as a load-reducing method during frequency regulation to help the system restore the power balance. First, this study proposes the concept of a hybrid plant station that combines the production of hydrogen and wind energy. This plant station will be referred to as a hybrid station with centralized hydrogen production and distributed energy storage. By mimicking the synchronous generator’s frequency control features, the primary frequency regulation mechanism of a hybrid plant station is examined. Secondly, due to the frequency regulation requirements of the power grid’s full-time domain hybrid power station, this paper proposes a hybrid plant station control strategy based on the EEMD variable parameter control algorithm. In frequency regulation power, the electric hydrogen production device load reduction responds to the low-frequency component, and the supercapacitor responds to the high-frequency component. The impact of the dynamic characteristics of alkaline electrolyzers on the frequency regulation effect is analyzed in this article, along with a comparison of the matching of various energy storage devices and electrolyzers in power grid frequency regulation. Finally, the feasibility and soundness of the proposed control strategy are confirmed by creating a simulation model representing a hybrid plant station involved in primary frequency management under various operational scenarios. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System)
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16 pages, 4425 KiB  
Article
A Multilevel Switched Capacitor Inverter with Reduced Components and Self-Balance
by Zhengdong Deng, Xiaoli Zhu, Junpeng Duan, Juncheng Ye and Yaoqiang Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(15), 8955; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13158955 - 4 Aug 2023
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1612
Abstract
This paper presents a novel 13-level switched capacitor multilevel inverter, which uses less devices to achieve six-fold voltage gain. The proposed topology structure consists of twelve transistors, two diodes, and three capacitors. It is worth mentioning that characteristics as having five complementary switch [...] Read more.
This paper presents a novel 13-level switched capacitor multilevel inverter, which uses less devices to achieve six-fold voltage gain. The proposed topology structure consists of twelve transistors, two diodes, and three capacitors. It is worth mentioning that characteristics as having five complementary switch pairs and self-balanced electric capacity voltages are conducive to simplifying the control strategy. Moreover, the above components constitute the switched capacitor unit and L-type unit. The inverter can acquire more voltage levels and a higher voltage gain by using multiple L-type units with fewer elements. Furthermore, the cost function is employed to comprehensively appraise the performance of the proposed inverter. The comparison with other existing 13-level inverters shows that the proposed multilevel inverter can effectively decrease the value of the cost function. Finally, the simulation and experimental results are presented to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the 13-level inverter. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System)
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25 pages, 5793 KiB  
Article
Current-Sensing Topology with Multi Resistors in Parallel and Its Protection Circuit
by Xuan Gou, Zhongmin Tang, Yuhan Gao, Kai Chen and Houjun Wang
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(14), 8382; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13148382 - 20 Jul 2023
Viewed by 1105
Abstract
Current-sensing topology with multi resistors in series has limitations in improving the dynamic range of current acquisition, so a sensing topology with multi resistors in parallel is proposed. The overcurrent state of a parallel shunt circuit cannot be latched, resulting in protection hiccups. [...] Read more.
Current-sensing topology with multi resistors in series has limitations in improving the dynamic range of current acquisition, so a sensing topology with multi resistors in parallel is proposed. The overcurrent state of a parallel shunt circuit cannot be latched, resulting in protection hiccups. A dual threshold-detection circuit is designed to achieve protection state latching and self-recovery. The rectified mean circuit is applied for overcurrent magnitude detection and its validity is proved. But the delay and ripple of the output waveform of the rectified mean circuit may also cause protection hiccups. Combining Fourier series representation, Fourier transform and inverse transform, the time domain expressions of the output of the rectified mean circuit for three common waveforms are obtained. Furthermore, the estimation formulas for the residual ripple amplitude of the three waveforms are derived. In an experiment, the protection hiccup issue in parallel sensing topology was eliminated, while the time constants and hysteresis ratios of the protection circuits were properly set according to theoretical calculation results. With five parallel sensing resistors, the ratio of the maximum to minimum range of the single current channel reaches 1.28×104, which is higher than counterparts with multiple series sensing resistors. The advantages of parallel sensing topology in improving dynamic range are confirmed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System)
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19 pages, 7089 KiB  
Article
Variable Multiple Interleaved Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter with Current Ripple Optimization
by Jiandong Duan, Shuai Wang, Yiming Xu, Shaogui Fan, Ke Zhao and Li Sun
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1744; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031744 - 29 Jan 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1556
Abstract
In order to reduce the current ripple and improve the power density of the system, the multiple structure design is generally adopted by the traditional bidirectional DC/DC converter. However, the fixed multiplicity design can’t make the DC/DC power converter always output the smallest [...] Read more.
In order to reduce the current ripple and improve the power density of the system, the multiple structure design is generally adopted by the traditional bidirectional DC/DC converter. However, the fixed multiplicity design can’t make the DC/DC power converter always output the smallest current ripple under different duty ratios. Through this research, it is found that the current ripple is related to duty cycle and parallel multiplicity, and then a variable multiplicity bidirectional DC/DC power converter is proposed. Firstly, the relationship between the current ripple and parallel multiplicity and duty cycle is deduced, and the basic topology of variable multiplicity bidirectional DC/DC power converter is determined; Secondly, the average value model and AC small signal model of the system are established based on the topological structure, and then the state equation is obtained. Thirdly, the current compensation control method is designed based on the state equation. Finally, the experimental platform of variable multiplicity bidirectional DC/DC power converter is built. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Electrical Energy Storage System)
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