Applied Sciences

Research

Jump to: Review

13 pages, 9059 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Elemental Composition and Dentin Bioactivity at the Interface with AH Plus Bioceramic Sealer: An Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy Study

by Maria-Monica Marta, Oana Roxana Chivu, Diana Marian, Ioana-Catalina Enache, Ioana Veja (Ilyes), Dana Emanuela Pitic (Cot), Razvan Flueras, Ramona Amina Popovici, Ademir Horia Stana, Carolina Cojocariu, Elisabeta Vasca and Iustin Olariu

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(24), 11867; https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411867 - 19 Dec 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 871

Abstract

In recent decades, there has been significant growth in research focused on biocompatible materials, particularly in the field of materials science and engineering. The primary advantages of these materials are their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. Consequently, there has been a growing utilization [...] Read more.

In recent decades, there has been significant growth in research focused on biocompatible materials, particularly in the field of materials science and engineering. The primary advantages of these materials are their biocompatibility, bioactivity, and antibacterial properties. Consequently, there has been a growing utilization of bioceramic sealers in the field of endodontics. This study investigated the amounts of bioactive elements in dentin in contact with the AH Plus^® Bioceramic Sealer (Dentsply, Konstanz, Germany). The results were qualitatively evaluated by examining scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and elemental mapping and quantitatively by determining element weight (wt%) and atomic (at%) percentages obtained from EDX analysis. The AH Plus^® Bioceramic Sealer demonstrated notable bioactivity through its dynamic contact with dentin at the root level. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 3874 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Theoretical Notions with Practical Applications Regarding the Statistical Calculation of Dental Bur Wear

by Filip Ilie

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(19), 8779; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14198779 - 28 Sep 2024

Viewed by 763

Abstract

This paper presents theoretical notions with practical applications for establishing the lifetime of a dental bur (durability and reliability) based on the wear of the active part and considering a series of statistical indicators. To justify applying theoretical notions in practice, a conical–cylindrical [...] Read more.

This paper presents theoretical notions with practical applications for establishing the lifetime of a dental bur (durability and reliability) based on the wear of the active part and considering a series of statistical indicators. To justify applying theoretical notions in practice, a conical–cylindrical dental bur is studied experimentally to obtain a series of data of the work process necessary for statistical calculation. The parameter taken into consideration in this paper is mass lost through the wear of the dental bur active part, based on testing. This is useful for dental bur lifetime establishment and its extension or even optimization in operation. The loss of mass of the dental bur active part is analyzed in the work process using the results and experimental data obtained and validated by statistical–mathematical numerical calculation. The numerical calculation approximates the mass lost through wear at different rotation speeds and operation times, and based on a comparison with the experimentally determined ones, the lifetime was established. The results show that the dental bur works with high yield in the first 20 h of work, after which it should be replaced with a new one. Theoretically, the studied dental bur can work over 21 h. Practically, it can work up to 18 h without major risk of failure, but the lifetime can be extended up to 20 h, at which point the failure risk can reach 10% and it is recommended to replace the bur. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

9 pages, 499 KiB

Open AccessArticle

The Effects of Activated Carbon Toothpastes on Orthodontic Elastomeric Chains—An In Vitro Study

by Pedro Mariano Pereira, Iman Bugiaghis, Mariana Isidro Do Carmo and Luis Proença

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(17), 7791; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14177791 - 3 Sep 2024

Viewed by 1341

Abstract

Objectives: Using toothpaste with activated carbon might increase the decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains’ (ECs) tensile strength, thereby compromising orthodontic treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of activated charcoal toothpaste on orthodontic ECs. Materials and Methods: A total sample of [...] Read more.

Objectives: Using toothpaste with activated carbon might increase the decay of orthodontic elastomeric chains’ (ECs) tensile strength, thereby compromising orthodontic treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of activated charcoal toothpaste on orthodontic ECs. Materials and Methods: A total sample of 180 EC segments from 3M Unitek^®, Ormco^® and Ortho Classic^® brands were equally divided into 12 groups, each comprising 15 specimens. These pieces were kept in artificial saliva at 37 °C and brushed twice daily for 28 days, with three distinct types of toothpaste: Colgate^® Total, Colgate^® Max White, and Dr Organic^® Extra Whitening Charcoal Toothpaste. The latter two toothpastes contain activated charcoal. Tensile strength, resistance to rupture and colour variation were evaluated at time zero and day 28. Descriptive statistics, one-way ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests were performed at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Toothpaste with and without activated carbon significantly reduced the tensile strength and resistance to rupture of the ECs, and altered EC colour (p < 0.0001). There was inconsistency in the effect of the activated carbon on EC characteristics, most probably due to the different compositions of the ECs and percentages of whitening agents in the toothpastes. Conclusions: The material composition of ECs contributes to their tensile strength decay, resistance to rupture and colour change over time. The variable percentage of activated carbon in a toothpaste likely underlies the different effects observed, depending on the EC brand. Clinical Relevance: It might be reasonable to advise patients wearing ECs to avoid using toothpaste with activated carbon until further evidence becomes available. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 1289 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Evaluation of the Periotest Device as an Objective Measuring Tool for Tooth Mobility—A Clinical Evaluation Study

by Olga Gerasimidou, Timothy F. Watson and Brian J. Millar

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(5), 1860; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14051860 - 23 Feb 2024

Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2928

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study was to allow researchers to evaluate the Periotest device as a reproducible tool that can be trusted to carry out accurately reproducible and comparable tooth mobility readings. Methods: A reproducibility test was initially conducted taking Periotest recordings [...] Read more.

Objective: The aim of this study was to allow researchers to evaluate the Periotest device as a reproducible tool that can be trusted to carry out accurately reproducible and comparable tooth mobility readings. Methods: A reproducibility test was initially conducted taking Periotest recordings for #16 every 10 min with 1 min intervals. Each time, three readings were recorded, and the average of the three was noted. This was followed by recordings for three different subject groups varying in age that were seen three times in 4 weeks, with 2-week intervals between each appointment; recordings were taken of #11, #13 and #16. Nonparametric analysis using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test was carried out. Results: For the reproducibility test, the values of all three readings for each recording session were either exactly the same or differed by up to ±2 Periotest value units. p-value results in the three patient groups showed no significant difference in Periotest values between appointments, with the minor exception of #16 in all three groups, but this was well within the limits of error of the device. Conclusions: Analysis of the Periotest readings in this study indicates that positive (higher) Periotest values correspond to increased tooth mobility. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1001 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Bone Mineral Density through DEXA and CBCT: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis

by Inês Francisco, Catarina Nunes, Flávia Pereira, Raquel Travassos, Madalena Prata Ribeiro, Filipa Marques, Mariana McEvoy, Mariana Santos, Catarina Oliveira, Carlos Miguel Marto, Francisco Caramelo, Anabela Baptista Paula and Francisco Vale

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(10), 5962; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13105962 - 12 May 2023

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3478

Abstract

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is used to determine bone density in several pathologies, namely osteoporosis and fracture risk in post-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to identify, appraise and synthesize all available evidence about the correlation between Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) [...] Read more.

Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is used to determine bone density in several pathologies, namely osteoporosis and fracture risk in post-menopausal women. The aim of this study was to identify, appraise and synthesize all available evidence about the correlation between Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) and Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) techniques through a systematic review. A systematic literature search was conducted in the following databases: PubMed via MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and Web of Science Core Collection, along with several sources of grey literature. The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tools were used to perform the qualitative assessment of the selected studies. A total of 913 articles were initially scrutinized and 11 were included for qualitative analysis, of which 3 were included in a meta-analysis. Most of the included studies revealed a low risk of bias (7 out of 11). A strong correlation (min r = 0.46 max r = 0.62) between DEXA and CBCT values were found. Thus, opportunistic CBCT scans may be used to assess the bone mineral density and fracture risk, improving the ability to track disease progression and providing better care. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1407 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Three-Dimensional Pulp Volume Analysis in Lip and Palate Cleft Population

by Inês Francisco, Raquel Travassos, Filipa Marques, Madalena Prata Ribeiro, Mariana Rodrigues, Patrícia Quaresma, Francisco Caramelo, Carlos Miguel Marto, Anabela Baptista Paula, Catarina Nunes and Francisco Vale

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(6), 3728; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13063728 - 15 Mar 2023

Viewed by 1681

Abstract

Aim: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients have a greater predisposition to tooth malformation, which could affect pulp volume. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dental pulp volume of central incisors in 3D images between individuals with and without CLP. [...] Read more.

Aim: Cleft lip and palate (CLP) patients have a greater predisposition to tooth malformation, which could affect pulp volume. The aim of this study is to evaluate the dental pulp volume of central incisors in 3D images between individuals with and without CLP. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case-control study is single-centered and was recruited between January 2016 and October 2022. Ninety-four patients who were followed in the Institute of Orthodontics were evaluated and divided into two groups: a control group of patients without CLP and a test group of patients with CLP. The 3D data were imported by 3D image semi-automatic segmenting software named ITK-SNAP to calculate tooth pulp volume. Results: The dental pulp volume for both groups, control and CLP, did not show statistically significant differences. In the cleft group, when comparing the pulp volume between the cleft side and the non-cleft side, the cleft side showed a smaller volume. Regarding age and sex, no statistically significant differences were observed. Conclusions: Although there are no differences in mean pulp volume between patients with and without CLP, there is a pulp volume reduction in the teeth on the cleft side when compared to the unaffected contralateral side. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

11 pages, 1215 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Comparative Evaluation of Microhardness, Water Sorption and Solubility of Biodentin and Nano-Zirconia-Modified Biodentin and FTIR Analysis

by Rumesa Batul, Saleem D. Makandar, Mohamad Arif Bin Awang Nawi, Syed Nahid Basheer, Nassreen H. Albar, Ali A. Assiry, Alexander Maniangat Luke and Mohmed Isaqali Karobari

Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(3), 1758; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13031758 - 30 Jan 2023

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2254

Abstract

Aim: This study compares the microhardness, water sorption and solubility of nano-zirconia-reinforced biodentin groups to commercially available biodentine. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared by adding different percentages of nano zirconia to biodentin. Four groups were categorized as follows: group 1 used Biodentin [...] Read more.

Aim: This study compares the microhardness, water sorption and solubility of nano-zirconia-reinforced biodentin groups to commercially available biodentine. Materials and Methods: Samples were prepared by adding different percentages of nano zirconia to biodentin. Four groups were categorized as follows: group 1 used Biodentin as the control group, group 2 used 10% nano zirconia and 90% Biodentine, group 3 used 20% nano zirconia and 80% Biodentine, and group 4 used 30% nano zirconia and 70% Biodentine. A Vickers microhardness tester was used to measure the microhardness of the groups according to ISO 4049/2000. The water sorption and solubility of the divided groups were assessed using disk-shaped molds. The second weight was measured on an electronic weight machine after two weeks, and values were recorded. FTIR analysis was performed. Vickers microhardness, water sorption and solubility were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA, and for multiple comparisons, a post hoc Tukey’s HSD test with a significance level of p < 0.05 was performed. Group 3 had the highest mean microhardness measurement among all groups. The microhardness values for all groups in descending order are as follows: group 3, group 2, group 1 and group 4 (p = 0.008). Group 2 showed the lowest mean of water sorption compared among all groups. Group 2 has the lowest mean of water sorption, followed by group 3, group 1 and group 4 (p = 0.002). Group 4 showed the highest water sorption among all groups. Group 4 exhibited the highest solubility mean among all groups. Group 1 had the lowest mean of solubility, followed by group 2, group 3 and group 4 (p = 0.000). The FTIR spectra of different types of biodentin showed the absorbance peaks of the precipitates of each modified biodentin. The absorbance peaks fell between 474.63 cm⁻¹ and 3438.33 cm⁻¹. Conclusion: Biodentin is a competitive biomimetic material, but it lacks hardness and has more solubility. Thus, adding nano zirconia improved microhardness and reduced water sorption. The solubility of 20% nano zirconia added to biodentin was almost close to biodentin but with no significance. The 20% nano-zirconia-modified biodentin showed overall better properties compared to biodentin. The 20% nano-zirconia-modified biodentin can be used in deep cavities as a single restorative material instead of multi-layered restorations to increase longevity without microleakage and failure of restoration. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Research

16 pages, 4515 KiB

Open AccessReview

Staging of Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Clear Aligner Treatment: Macro-Staging and Micro-Staging—A Narrative Review

by David Martínez-Lozano, David Castellanos-Andrés and Alberto-José López-Jiménez

Appl. Sci. 2024, 14(15), 6690; https://doi.org/10.3390/app14156690 - 31 Jul 2024

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 9391

Abstract

Aims: This review aims to analyze the multiple factors affecting the staging of the orthodontic tooth movement during clear aligner treatment and to provide an efficient work methodology in this regard during digital treatment planning. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted [...] Read more.

Aims: This review aims to analyze the multiple factors affecting the staging of the orthodontic tooth movement during clear aligner treatment and to provide an efficient work methodology in this regard during digital treatment planning. Materials and Methods: A literature search was conducted on electronic databases (Pubmed, Scopus, Google Scholar and CNKI). The results of the present study have been divided into several sections: (1) definition and concept of staging, (2) basic principles of clear aligners, (3) macro-staging, (4) micro-staging, and (5) limitations. Results: The terminology of macro-staging and micro-staging proposed in this paper aims to be a first step towards a more detailed analysis of staging. The macro-staging constitutes the general biomechanics of movements that need to be prioritized to meet the objectives of the treatment plan. It provides a comprehensive view of the movements occurring in each dental arch. The micro-staging constitutes the biomechanics of movements for each individual tooth. This involves studying the movements in the different planes of space in which each tooth is programmed, deciding if they are compatible, and having strategies to create space to avoid lack of expression. Conclusions: Further studies should focus on exploring different staging approaches to address similar malocclusions to determine which are the most effective and applicable to clinical practice. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Advanced Dental Biomaterials: Technologies and Applications

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Benefits of Publishing in a Special Issue

Published Papers (8 papers)

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI