Submit to Antioxidants Review for Antioxidants Propose a Special Issue

Journal Browser

Oxidative Stress and Exercise

Print Special Issue Flyer
Special Issue Editors
Special Issue Information
Keywords
Published Papers

A special issue of Antioxidants (ISSN 2076-3921). This special issue belongs to the section "Health Outcomes of Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (31 January 2021) | Viewed by 42731

Printed Edition Available!
A printed edition of this Special Issue is available here.

Special issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise book cover image

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Gareth Davison

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor

Faculty of Life and Health Sciences, Ulster University, Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
Interests: oxidative stress; DNA damage; DNA repair; epigenetics; DNA methylation; histone modifications

Dr. Conor McClean

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor

Sport and Exercise Sciences Research Institute, Ulster University, Coleraine, UK

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Exercise training has a plethora of health benefits, such as a decrease in risk to neurovascular disease, some cancers, and type 2 diabetes. Whereas regular moderate-intensity exercise activates important cell adaptive properties, sporadic and strenuous bouts of exercise may induce oxidative stress due to an augmented production of reactive metabolites of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen free radical species (RNS). Exercise-induced free radical formation may impair cell function by oxidatively modifying nucleic acids, where DNA damage and insufficient repair may lead to genomic instability. Likewise, lipid and protein damage are significant cellular events that can elicit potentially toxic perturbations in cellular homeostasis. Antioxidant supplementation can minimise exercise-induced oxidative damage to susceptible macromolecules, however, an emerging body of evidence demonstrates that antioxidant supplementation, such as vitamin C and E, can adversely affect the modulation of molecular signalling pathways, cell homeostasis and redox adaptation to stress; although this concept remains an area of debate.

In this Special Issue of Oxidative Stress and Exercise, we invite high-quality original manuscripts and review articles (for publication in Antioxidants) examining all aspects of exercise-induced oxidative stress, taking into consideration the basic mechanisms, consequences and function of ROS production, and whether antioxidants may either support or hinder these responses. Research integrating genetics and exercise-induced oxidative stress is of particular interest. For example, studies looking at single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP’s) relating to antioxidant pharmacokinetics, and how variants may affect the control of exercise-induced DNA, lipid and protein damage are welcomed.

Prof. Gareth Davison
Dr. Conor McClean
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Antioxidants is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2900 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

Exercise
Oxidative stress
Reactive oxygen species
Antioxidants
Redox metabolism
Antioxidant related SNP’s and exercise-induced oxidative stress

Published Papers (11 papers)

Download All Papers

Editorial

Jump to: Research, Review

3 pages, 190 KiB

Open AccessEditorial

Oxidative Stress and Exercise

by Gareth W. Davison and Conor McClean

Antioxidants 2022, 11(5), 840; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11050840 - 26 Apr 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1623

Abstract

It is now well-established that regular moderate-intensity exercise training can activate salient cell adaptive properties, leading to a state of oxidative eustress [...] Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

Research

Jump to: Editorial, Review

12 pages, 1154 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Impact of Plasma Oxidative Stress Markers on Post-race Recovery in Ultramarathon Runners: A Sex and Age Perspective Overview

by Carlos Guerrero, Eladio Collado-Boira, Ignacio Martinez-Navarro, Barbara Hernando, Carlos Hernando, Pablo Balino and María Muriach

Antioxidants 2021, 10(3), 355; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10030355 - 27 Feb 2021

Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2866

Abstract

Oxidative stress has been widely studied in association to ultra-endurance sports. Although it is clearly demonstrated the increase in reactive oxygen species and free radicals after these extreme endurance exercises, the effects on the antioxidant defenses and the oxidative damage to macromolecules, remain to be fully clarified. Therefore, the aim of this study was to elucidate the impact of an ultramarathon race on the plasma markers of oxidative stress of 32 runners and their post-race recovery, with especial focused on sex and age effect. For this purpose, the antioxidant enzymes glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) activity, as well as the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA) and the carbonyl groups (CG) content were measured before the race, in the finish line and 24 and 48 h after the race. We have reported an increase of the oxidative damage to lipids and proteins (MDA and CG) after the race and 48 h later. Moreover, there was an increase of the GR activity after the race. No changes were observed in runners’ plasma GPx activity throughout the study. Finally, we have observed sex and age differences regarding damage to macromolecules, but no differences were found regarding the antioxidant enzymes measured. Our results suggest that several basal plasma markers of oxidative stress might be related to the extent of muscle damage after an ultraendurance race and also might affect the muscle strength evolution. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 2264 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Antioxidant Effect of a Probiotic Product on a Model of Oxidative Stress Induced by High-Intensity and Duration Physical Exercise

by Maravillas Sánchez Macarro, Vicente Ávila-Gandía, Silvia Pérez-Piñero, Fernando Cánovas, Ana María García-Muñoz, María Salud Abellán-Ruiz, Desirée Victoria-Montesinos, Antonio J. Luque-Rubia, Eric Climent, Salvador Genovés, Daniel Ramon, Empar Chenoll and Francisco Javier López-Román

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 323; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020323 - 22 Feb 2021

Cited by 22 | Viewed by 4550

Abstract

This randomized double-blind and controlled single-center clinical trial was designed to evaluate the effect of a 6-week intake of a probiotic product (1 capsule/day) vs. a placebo on an oxidative stress model of physical exercise (high intensity and duration) in male cyclists (probiotic group, n = 22; placebo, n = 21). This probiotic included three lyophilized strains (Bifidobacterium longum CECT 7347, Lactobacillus casei CECT 9104, and Lactobacillus rhamnosus CECT 8361). Study variables were urinary isoprostane, serum malondialdehyde (MDA), serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (Ox-LDL), urinary 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxiguanosine (8-OHdG), serum protein carbonyl, serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and serum superoxide dismutase (SOD). At 6 weeks, as compared with baseline, significant differences in 8-OHdG (Δ mean difference −10.9 (95% CI −14.5 to −7.3); p < 0.001), MDA (Δ mean difference −207.6 (95% CI −349.1 to −66.1; p < 0.05), and Ox-LDL (Δ mean difference −122.5 (95% CI −240 to −4.5); p < 0.05) were found in the probiotic group only. Serum GPx did not increase in the probiotic group, whereas the mean difference was significant in the placebo group (477.8 (95% CI 112.5 to 843.2); p < 0.05). These findings suggest an antioxidant effect of this probiotic on underlying interacting oxidative stress mechanisms and their modulation in healthy subjects. The study was registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03798821). Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

18 pages, 1961 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Eccentric Cycling Training Improves Erythrocyte Antioxidant and Oxygen Releasing Capacity Associated with Enhanced Anaerobic Glycolysis and Intracellular Acidosis

by Yu-Chieh Huang, Mei-Ling Cheng, Hsiang-Yu Tang, Chi-Yao Huang, Kuan-Ming Chen and Jong-Shyan Wang

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 285; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020285 - 13 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 3745

Abstract

The antioxidant capacity of erythrocytes protects individuals against the harmful effects of oxidative stress. Despite improved hemodynamic efficiency, the effect of eccentric cycling training (ECT) on erythrocyte antioxidative capacity remains unclear. This study investigates how ECT affects erythrocyte antioxidative capacity and metabolism in sedentary males. Thirty-six sedentary healthy males were randomly assigned to either concentric cycling training (CCT, n = 12) or ECT (n = 12) at 60% of the maximal workload for 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 6 weeks or to a control group (n = 12) that did not receive an exercise intervention. A graded exercise test (GXT) was performed before and after the intervention. Erythrocyte metabolic characteristics and O₂ release capacity were determined by UPLC-MS and high-resolution respirometry, respectively. An acute GXT depleted Glutathione (GSH), accumulated Glutathione disulfide (GSSG), and elevated the GSSG/GSH ratio, whereas both CCT and ECT attenuated the extent of the elevated GSSG/GSH ratio caused by a GXT. Moreover, the two exercise regimens upregulated glycolysis and increased glucose consumption and lactate production, leading to intracellular acidosis and facilitation of O₂ release from erythrocytes. Both CCT and ECT enhance antioxidative capacity against severe exercise-evoked circulatory oxidative stress. Moreover, the two exercise regimens activate erythrocyte glycolysis, resulting in lowered intracellular pH and enhanced O₂ released from erythrocytes. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 706 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Differences between Professional and Amateur Cyclists in Endogenous Antioxidant System Profile

by Francisco Javier Martínez-Noguera, Pedro E. Alcaraz, Raquel Ortolano-Ríos, Stéphane P. Dufour and Cristian Marín-Pagán

Antioxidants 2021, 10(2), 282; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10020282 - 12 Feb 2021

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2154

Abstract

Currently, no studies have examined the differences in endogenous antioxidant enzymes in professional and amateur cyclists and how these can influence sports performance. The aim of this study was to identify differences in endogenous antioxidants enzymes and hemogram between competitive levels of cycling and to see if differences found in these parameters could explain differences in performance. A comparative trial was carried out with 11 professional (PRO) and 15 amateur (AMA) cyclists. All cyclists performed an endogenous antioxidants analysis in the fasted state (visit 1) and an incremental test until exhaustion (visit 2). Higher values in catalase (CAT), oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and GSSG/GSH ratio and lower values in superoxide dismutase (SOD) were found in PRO compared to AMA (p < 0.05). Furthermore, an inverse correlation was found between power produced at ventilation thresholds 1 and 2 and GSSG/GSH (r = −0.657 and r = −0.635; p < 0.05, respectively) in PRO. Therefore, there is no well-defined endogenous antioxidant enzyme profile between the two competitive levels of cyclists. However, there was a relationship between GSSG/GSH ratio levels and moderate and submaximal exercise performance in the PRO cohort. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Graphical abstract

14 pages, 2108 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Diazoxide and Exercise Enhance Muscle Contraction during Obesity by Decreasing ROS Levels, Lipid Peroxidation, and Improving Glutathione Redox Status

by Mariana Gómez-Barroso, Koré M. Moreno-Calderón, Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte, Christian Cortés-Rojo, Alfredo Saavedra-Molina, Alain R. Rodríguez-Orozco and Rocío Montoya-Pérez

Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1232; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121232 - 04 Dec 2020

Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2245

Abstract

Obesity causes insulin resistance and hyperinsulinemia which causes skeletal muscle dysfunction resulting in a decrease in contraction force and a reduced capacity to avoid fatigue, which overall, causes an increase in oxidative stress. K_ATP channel openers such as diazoxide and the implementation of exercise protocols have been reported to be actively involved in protecting skeletal muscle against metabolic stress; however, the effects of diazoxide and exercise on muscle contraction and oxidative stress during obesity have not been explored. This study aimed to determine the effect of diazoxide in the contraction of skeletal muscle of obese male Wistar rats (35 mg/kg), and with an exercise protocol (five weeks) and the combination from both. Results showed that the treatment with diazoxide and exercise improved muscular contraction, showing an increase in maximum tension and total tension due to decreased ROS and lipid peroxidation levels and improved glutathione redox state. Therefore, these results suggest that diazoxide and exercise improve muscle function during obesity, possibly through its effects as K_ATP channel openers. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 1674 KiB

Open AccessFeature PaperArticle

Effects of Two-Week Betaine Supplementation on Apoptosis, Oxidative Stress, and Aerobic Capacity after Exhaustive Endurance Exercise

by Ming-Ta Yang, Xiu-Xin Lee, Bo-Huei Huang, Li-Hui Chien, Chia-Chi Wang and Kuei-Hui Chan

Antioxidants 2020, 9(12), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9121189 - 27 Nov 2020

Cited by 7 | Viewed by 2779

Abstract

This study evaluated the effects of 2 weeks of betaine supplementation on apoptosis, oxidative stress, and aerobic capacity after exhaustive endurance exercise (EEE). A double-blind, crossover, and counterbalanced design was adopted, with 10 healthy male participants asked to consume betaine (1.25 g of betaine mixed with 300 mL of sports beverage, twice per day for 2 weeks) or placebo (300 mL of sports beverage). All participants performed a graded exercise test on a treadmill to determine the maximal oxygen consumption (VO_2max) before supplementation and then performed the EEE test at an intensity of 80% VO_2max after 2 weeks of supplementation. The time to exhaustion, peak oxygen consumption, maximal heart rate, and average heart rate were recorded during the EEE test. Venous blood samples were drawn before, immediately after, and 3 h after the EEE test to assess apoptosis and the mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) decline of lymphocytes as well as the concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive substance and protein carbonyl. The results indicated that lymphocyte apoptosis was significantly higher immediately after and 3 h after EEE than before exercise in participants in the placebo trial. However, lymphocyte apoptosis exhibited no significant differences among the three time points in participants in the betaine trial. Moreover, apoptosis in the betaine trial was significantly lower immediately after and 3 h after exercise compared with the placebo trial. No differences were noted for other variables. Thus, 2 weeks of betaine supplementation can effectively attenuate lymphocyte apoptosis, which is elevated by EEE. However, betaine supplementation exhibited no effects on MTP decline, oxidative stress, or aerobic capacity. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 1135 KiB

Open AccessArticle

ApoE Genotype-Dependent Response to Antioxidant and Exercise Interventions on Brain Function

by Kiran Chaudhari, Jessica M. Wong, Philip H. Vann, Tori Como, Sid E. O’Bryant and Nathalie Sumien

Antioxidants 2020, 9(6), 553; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox9060553 - 25 Jun 2020

Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3588

Abstract

This study determined whether antioxidant supplementation is a viable complement to exercise regimens in improving cognitive and motor performance in a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease risk. Starting at 12 months of age, separate groups of male and female mice expressing human Apolipoprotein E3 (GFAP-ApoE3) or E4 (GFAP-ApoE4) were fed either a control diet or a diet supplemented with vitamins E and C. The mice were further separated into a sedentary group or a group that followed a daily exercise regimen. After 8 weeks on the treatments, the mice were administered a battery of functional tests including tests to measure reflex and motor, cognitive, and affective function while remaining on their treatment. Subsequently, plasma inflammatory markers and catalase activity in brain regions were measured. Overall, the GFAP-ApoE4 mice exhibited poorer motor function and spatial learning and memory. The treatments improved balance, learning, and cognitive flexibility in the GFAP-ApoE3 mice and overall the GFAP-ApoE4 mice were not responsive. The addition of antioxidants to supplement a training regimen only provided further benefits to the active avoidance task, and there was no antagonistic interaction between the two interventions. These outcomes are indicative that there is a window of opportunity for treatment and that genotype plays an important role in response to interventions. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Review

Jump to: Editorial, Research

21 pages, 1554 KiB

Open AccessReview

Circadian Clocks, Redox Homeostasis, and Exercise: Time to Connect the Dots?

by Conor McClean and Gareth W. Davison

Antioxidants 2022, 11(2), 256; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox11020256 - 28 Jan 2022

Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5260

Abstract

Compelling research has documented how the circadian system is essential for the maintenance of several key biological processes including homeostasis, cardiovascular control, and glucose metabolism. Circadian clock disruptions, or losses of rhythmicity, have been implicated in the development of several diseases, premature ageing, and are regarded as health risks. Redox reactions involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) regulate several physiological functions such as cell signalling and the immune response. However, oxidative stress is associated with the pathological effects of RONS, resulting in a loss of cell signalling and damaging modifications to important molecules such as DNA. Direct connections have been established between circadian rhythms and oxidative stress on the basis that disruptions to circadian rhythms can affect redox biology, and vice versa, in a bi-directional relationship. For instance, the expression and activity of several key antioxidant enzymes (SOD, GPx, and CAT) appear to follow circadian patterns. Consequently, the ability to unravel these interactions has opened an exciting area of redox biology. Exercise exerts numerous benefits to health and, as a potent environmental cue, has the capacity to adjust disrupted circadian systems. In fact, the response to a given exercise stimulus may also exhibit circadian variation. At the same time, the relationship between exercise, RONS, and oxidative stress has also been scrutinised, whereby it is clear that exercise-induced RONS can elicit both helpful and potentially harmful health effects that are dependent on the type, intensity, and duration of exercise. To date, it appears that the emerging interface between circadian rhythmicity and oxidative stress/redox metabolism has not been explored in relation to exercise. This review aims to summarise the evidence supporting the conceptual link between the circadian clock, oxidative stress/redox homeostasis, and exercise stimuli. We believe carefully designed investigations of this nexus are required, which could be harnessed to tackle theories concerned with, for example, the existence of an optimal time to exercise to accrue physiological benefits. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

22 pages, 1686 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Brief Overview of Oxidative Stress in Adipose Tissue with a Therapeutic Approach to Taking Antioxidant Supplements

by Shima Taherkhani, Katsuhiko Suzuki and Ruheea Taskin Ruhee

Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 594; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040594 - 13 Apr 2021

Cited by 27 | Viewed by 9109

Abstract

One of the leading causes of obesity associated with oxidative stress (OS) is excessive consumption of nutrients, especially fast-foods, and a sedentary lifestyle, characterized by the ample accumulation of lipid in adipose tissue (AT). When the body needs energy, the lipid is broken down into glycerol (G) and free fatty acids (FFA) during the lipolysis process and transferred to various tissues in the body. Materials secreted from AT, especially adipocytokines (interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and reactive oxygen species (ROS), are impressive in causing inflammation and OS of AT. There are several ways to improve obesity, but researchers have highly regarded the use of antioxidant supplements due to their neutralizing properties in removing ROS. In this review, we have examined the AT response to OS to antioxidant supplements focusing on animal studies. The results are inconsistent due to differences in the study duration and diversity in animals (strain, age, and sex). Therefore, there is a need for different studies, especially in humans. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

16 pages, 524 KiB

Open AccessReview

Effects of Dietary Strategies on Exercise-Induced Oxidative Stress: A Narrative Review of Human Studies

by Zhen Zeng, Christoph Centner, Albert Gollhofer and Daniel König

Antioxidants 2021, 10(4), 542; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10040542 - 31 Mar 2021

Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3555

Abstract

Exhaustive exercise can induce excessive generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which may enhance oxidative stress levels. Although physiological levels are crucial for optimal cell signaling and exercise adaptations, higher concentrations have been demonstrated to damage macromolecules and thus facilitate detrimental effects. Besides single dosages of antioxidants, whole diets rich in antioxidants are gaining more attention due to their practicality and multicomponent ingredients. The purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of research on this topic and present recent advances regarding the antioxidant effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress in humans. The following electronic databases were searched from inception to February 2021: PubMed, Scope and Web of Science. Twenty-eight studies were included in this narrative review and demonstrated the scavenging effects of exercise-induced ROS generation, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory markers and antioxidant capacity, with only one study not confirming such positive effects. Although the literature is still scarce about the effects of whole dietary strategies on exercise-induced oxidative stress, the majority of the studies demonstrated favorable effects. Nevertheless, the protocols are still very heterogeneous and further systematically designed studies are needed to strengthen the evidence. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oxidative Stress and Exercise)

► Show Figures

Figure 1

Journal Menu

Journal Browser

Oxidative Stress and Exercise

Share This Special Issue

Special Issue Editors

Special Issue Information

Keywords

Published Papers (11 papers)

Editorial

Research

Review

Further Information

Guidelines

MDPI Initiatives

Follow MDPI