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Animals
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Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis
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Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Companion Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (7 February 2022) | Viewed by 24623

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Łukasz Adaszek

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Epizootiology and Clinic of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Life Sciences, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Interests: babesiosis; vectors & vector-borne diseases; infectious diseases
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Klaudiusz Szczepaniak

E-Mail Website
Co-Guest Editor
Department of Parasitology and Invasive Diseases, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Lublin, Poland
Interests: animals' parasitic diseases

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Babesiosis is a vector-borne disease transmitted by ticks. Its etiological factors are intraerythrocytic protozoa belonging to the genus Babesia, family Babesiidae, order Piroplasmida, phylum Apicomplexa. In Europe, canine babesiosis is caused by Babesia canis parasites. In recent years, an increase in the range of occurrence of babesiosis in dogs has been observed. The course of the illness depends on many factors, such as the virulence of protozoan strains, the age of the animal, previous piroplasmosis vaccinations, season of the year and others. It is widely known that different strains of parasites are characterized by a different level of virulence. Some of them cause the development of severe disease with increased parasitemia, which leads to the death of the animals, while others induce low parasitemia and a temporary occurrence of mild disease symptoms.

As canine babesiosis is still a problem in veterinary practice, this Special Issue of Animals, “Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis”, is open to original research papers that cover current issues in the epidemiology, diagnosis, pathogenesis, therapy, and immunoprophylaxis of canine babesiosis, as well as the biology of these parasites.

Prof. Dr. Łukasz Adaszek
Dr. Klaudiusz Szczepaniak
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • canine babesiosis
  • dogs
  • tick-borne diseases

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

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12 pages, 2140 KiB  
Article
Clinical Efficacy and Safety of Malarone®, Azithromycin and Artesunate Combination for Treatment of Babesia gibsoni in Naturally Infected Dogs
by Martina Karasová, Csilla Tóthová, Bronislava Víchová, Lucia Blaňarová, Terézia Kisková, Simona Grelová, Radka Staroňová, Alena Micháľová, Martin Kožár, Oskar Nagy and Mária Fialkovičová
Animals 2022, 12(6), 708; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12060708 - 11 Mar 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 8170
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is a tick-borne protozoal blood parasite that may cause hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lethargy, and/or splenomegaly in dogs. Many drugs have been used in management of canine babesiosis such as monotherapy or combined treatment, including diminazene aceturate, imidocarb dipropionate, atovaquone, and antibiotics. [...] Read more.
Babesia gibsoni is a tick-borne protozoal blood parasite that may cause hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, lethargy, and/or splenomegaly in dogs. Many drugs have been used in management of canine babesiosis such as monotherapy or combined treatment, including diminazene aceturate, imidocarb dipropionate, atovaquone, and antibiotics. This report examines the effectiveness and safety of Malarone®, azithromycin (AZM) and artesunate (ART) combination for the treatment of babesiosis in dogs naturally infected with Babesia gibsoni. Twelve American Pit Bull Terriers were included in the experiment. Examined dogs underwent clinical and laboratory analysis including hematology and biochemistry profile and serum protein electrophoresis. After diagnosis, the dogs received combined therapy with Malarone® (13.5 mg/kg PO q24 h), azithromycin (10 mg/kg PO q24 h) and artesunate (12.5 mg/kg PO q24 h) for 10 days. The combined treatment improved hematology and biochemical parameters to the reference range gradually during the first 14 days already, resulting in the stable values until day 56 after treatment. No clinically apparent adverse effects were reported during treatment and monitoring. No relapses of parasitemia were detected in control days 180, 360, 540 and 720 in all dogs. Results of the study indicate that the combined treatment leads to successful elimination of parasitemia in chronically infected dogs with B. gibsoni. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis)
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8 pages, 856 KiB  
Article
Association between Increased the De Ritis Quotient and Renal Azotaemia in Canine Babesiosis
by Olga Gójska-Zygner, Justyna Karabowicz, Justyna Bartosik and Wojciech Zygner
Animals 2022, 12(5), 626; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12050626 - 02 Mar 2022
Viewed by 2003
Abstract
Previous studies of azotaemia in canine babesiosis revealed pre-renal and renal azotaemia in infected dogs, and an association between an increased de Ritis quotient (aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase activity; AST/ALT ratio) and azotaemia in affected animals. Serum activities of AST and ALT, [...] Read more.
Previous studies of azotaemia in canine babesiosis revealed pre-renal and renal azotaemia in infected dogs, and an association between an increased de Ritis quotient (aspartate aminotransferase to alanine aminotransferase activity; AST/ALT ratio) and azotaemia in affected animals. Serum activities of AST and ALT, and AST/ALT ratio were compared between azotaemic and non-azotaemic dogs infected with Babesia canis, and between affected dogs with pre-renal and renal azotaemia. Statistical analyses revealed higher AST activity and an increased AST/ALT ratio in azotaemic dogs, and an increase of these two parameters in infected dogs with renal azotaemia in comparison to dogs with pre-renal azotaemia. Moreover, AST activity and AST/ALT ratio were correlated with renal indices such as renal failure index, sodium fractional excretion, and urinary creatinine to serum creatinine ratio. The study also revealed a lack of correlation between AST and ALT activities in azotaemic dogs, although a correlation was observed when including all dogs in this study (azotaemic and non-azotaemic dogs treated as one group). The results of this study indicate that increased serum AST activity in azotaemic dogs infected with B. canis may have a renal origin, and the AST/ALT ratio could be considered as a simple and convenient renal index that is useful in the recognition of renal azotaemia in canine babesiosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis)
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Review

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19 pages, 834 KiB  
Review
The Etiology, Incidence, Pathogenesis, Diagnostics, and Treatment of Canine Babesiosis Caused by Babesia gibsoni Infection
by Martina Karasová, Csilla Tóthová, Simona Grelová and Mária Fialkovičová
Animals 2022, 12(6), 739; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12060739 - 16 Mar 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 5246
Abstract
Babesia gibsoni is one of the small Babesia species and the infection this pathogen causes is usually asymptomatic, which complicates the capture of potential parasite carriers. In endemic areas, especially in Asia, B. gibsoni occurs quite often due to direct transmission by way [...] Read more.
Babesia gibsoni is one of the small Babesia species and the infection this pathogen causes is usually asymptomatic, which complicates the capture of potential parasite carriers. In endemic areas, especially in Asia, B. gibsoni occurs quite often due to direct transmission by way of a tick vector. Due to the absence of vectors, its occurrence is described only sporadically in Europe; but, it is increasingly occurring in predisposed, so-called fighting breeds, especially the American pit bull terrier. This review describes the etiology, incidence, clinical signs, pathogenesis, diagnostics, and treatment of B. gibsoni infection, with an emphasis on the clinical and laboratory peculiarities of the disease. As the treated dogs do not eliminate the parasite from the body—only reducing parasitemia and improving clinical signs—the treatment of B. gibsoni infection is a challenge in many cases, and its study therefore deserves great attention. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis)
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10 pages, 1425 KiB  
Review
Babesia gibsoni Infection in Dogs—A European Perspective
by Oliwier Teodorowski, Marcin Kalinowski, Dagmara Winiarczyk, Banu Dokuzeylül, Stanisław Winiarczyk and Łukasz Adaszek
Animals 2022, 12(6), 730; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12060730 - 14 Mar 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 8070
Abstract
Canine babesiosis is a disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus Babesia. These protozoa are classified as either large (e.g., Babesia canis) or small (e.g., Babesia gibsoni). So far, only three small Babesia species of clinical importance, able [...] Read more.
Canine babesiosis is a disease caused by infection with parasites of the genus Babesia. These protozoa are classified as either large (e.g., Babesia canis) or small (e.g., Babesia gibsoni). So far, only three small Babesia species of clinical importance, able to infect dogs, have been described: B. gibsoni, B. conradae, and B. vulpes. This review presents the current epidemiological situation of Babesia gibsoni infections in dogs in Europe. In most European countries where B. gibsoni has been reported, the percentage of infected dogs is around 1%. The higher prevalence of the B. gibsoni infection among American Pit Bull Terriers suggests breed susceptibility. An analysis of the available data makes it possible to conclude that B. gibsoni infections may appear in the future in other non-endemic regions of Europe, which may pose significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for veterinary practitioners. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Canine babesiosis)
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