Chronophysiology and Body Temperature Homeostasis in Domestic Animals

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Physiology".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 December 2025 | Viewed by 603

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: domestic animals; body temperature; chronophysiology; daily rhythms; thermal homeostasis
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Guest Editor
Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Via Palatucci 13, 98168 Messina, Italy
Interests: domestic animals; body temperature; chronophysiology; daily rhythms; thermal homeostasis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Chronophysiology (from “χρόνος” time; “ϕυσιο” nature and “λόγος” science) is a key subject in the field of animal science that examines the temporal processes of living organisms. In particular, chronophysiology, through certain signals, regulates many physiological processes in domestic animals, such as body temperature, through the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The homeostatic regulation of body temperature is a fundamental physiological process that ensures health assessment in domestic animals. The biological daily rhythm of body temperature in domestic animals is established from the earliest hours of life, but it can be influenced by some external factors such as more or less intense exercise, management conditions, stress, and diet. It is therefore proposed to further study the circadian rhythmicity of body temperature in domestic animals and what it can be influenced by, particularly using increasingly innovative methods such as infrared thermography.

Prof. Dr. Claudia Giannetto
Dr. Francesca Aragona
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • domestic animals
  • body temperature
  • chronophysiology
  • daily rhythms
  • thermal homeostasis

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

17 pages, 2903 KB  
Article
Ontogeny of Melatonin Secretion and Functional Maturation of the Pineal Gland in the Embryonic Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
by Magdalena Prusik
Animals 2025, 15(23), 3437; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15233437 - 28 Nov 2025
Viewed by 236
Abstract
The pineal gland is a key component of the avian circadian system, responsible for melatonin (MLT) secretion that reflects and regulates daily rhythmicity. While the post-hatching turkey is known for its highly sensitive and efficient pineal system, the functional development of this gland [...] Read more.
The pineal gland is a key component of the avian circadian system, responsible for melatonin (MLT) secretion that reflects and regulates daily rhythmicity. While the post-hatching turkey is known for its highly sensitive and efficient pineal system, the functional development of this gland during embryogenesis has not been described. To determine the measurable onset and regulation of MLT secretion, pineal glands from turkey embryos aged 22, 24, and 26 days (ED 22–26) were incubated in a superfusion culture under various light conditions and with or without norepinephrine (NE). MLT concentrations in the medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. Under the experimental conditions, MLT secretion was first reliably measurable at ED 22 and increased thereafter toward hatching. Under a 12L:12D cycle, pinealocytes exhibited a stable circadian rhythm with a fourfold amplitude between night and day. The glands adapted to a reversed light–dark cycle and responded strongly to a 3 h nocturnal light pulse with a 30% decrease in MLT levels. Rhythmic MLT secretion persisted under constant light or darkness, indicating an active endogenous oscillator. NE markedly suppressed MLT secretion in all embryos, confirming the early development of adrenergic regulation. Thus, by ED 22 the embryonic turkey pineal exhibits photosensitivity, endogenous rhythmicity, and NE responsiveness, although secretion at earlier stages cannot be excluded due to detection limits. These results fill a gap in understanding avian pineal ontogeny and establish the turkey embryo as a good model for studying the early development of circadian regulation in birds. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Chronophysiology and Body Temperature Homeostasis in Domestic Animals)
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