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Animals
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Advances in Companion Animal Pain Assessment
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Advances in Companion Animal Pain Assessment

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Companion Animals".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 20 September 2024 | Viewed by 4794

Special Issue Editors

Dr. Caterina Di Bella

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
Interests: anaesthesia; pain management; loco-regional anaesthesia; analgesic therapies
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Dr. Marzia Stabile

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Precision and Regenerative Medicine and Ionic Area, Section of Veterinary Clinics and Animal Production, University of Bari "Aldo Moro", SP 62 per Casamassima km 3, 70010 Valenzano, Bari, Italy
Interests: anaesthesia; pain management; loco-regional anaesthesia; osteoarthritis management
Dr. Angela Palumbo Piccionello

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, 62024 Matelica, Italy
Interests: orthopedics; regenerative therapy; stem cells; PRP; traumatology; osteoarthritis
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

In recent years, research on pain assessment in veterinary medicine has significantly increased. Precise pain evaluation is necessary to ensure the appropriate diagnosis is made and to choose the most effective treatment strategy. In fact,  managing pain in small animals is challenging and pain recognition methods are still under development. Essential to any discussion of avoiding or minimizing pain in small animals is a clear understanding and definition of pain and its related terms. What exactly is pain? What types of pain exist? What is the most suitable therapy to use in  different pain conditions?

The goal of this Special Issue is to publish the most recent research that allows us to delve into these subjects and clarify some aspects of this complex and broad topic.

Dr. Caterina Di Bella
Dr. Marzia Stabile
Dr. Angela Palumbo Piccionello
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Animals is an international peer-reviewed open access semimonthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2400 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • pain assessment
  • pain scales
  • acute pain
  • chronic pain
  • animal welfare
  • nociception

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

23 pages, 2510 KiB  
Article
Validation of the Portuguese Version of the Short-Form Glasgow Composite Measure Pain Scale (CMPS-SF) According to COSMIN and GRADE Guidelines
by Mayara T. de Lima, Pedro H. E. Trindade, Renata H. Pinho, Alice R. Oliveira, Juliana Cannavan Gil, Thayná R. Almeida, Nadia C. Outeda and Stelio P. L. Luna
Animals 2024, 14(6), 831; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14060831 - 8 Mar 2024
Viewed by 719
Abstract
We aimed to validate the CMPS-SF according to COSMIN and GRADE guidelines. Four trained evaluators assessed 208 videos (pre-operative-M1, peak of pain-M2, 1 h after the peak of pain and analgesia (rescue)-M3, and 24 h post-extubation-M4) of 52 dogs, divided into negative controls [...] Read more.
We aimed to validate the CMPS-SF according to COSMIN and GRADE guidelines. Four trained evaluators assessed 208 videos (pre-operative-M1, peak of pain-M2, 1 h after the peak of pain and analgesia (rescue)-M3, and 24 h post-extubation-M4) of 52 dogs, divided into negative controls (n = 10), soft tissue surgeries (n = 22), and orthopedic surgeries (n = 20). The videos were randomized and blinded as to when they were filmed, and were evaluated in two stages, 21 days apart. According to confirmatory analysis, the CMPS-SF is a unidimensional scale. Intra-observer reliability was between 0.80 and 0.99 and inter-observer reliability between 0.73 and 0.86. Criterion validity was confirmed by the correlation between the CMPS-SF and other unidimensional scales (≥0.7). The differences between the scores were M2 ≥ M3 > M4 > M1 (responsiveness), and the scale presented construct validity (higher postoperative pain scores in dogs undergoing surgery versus control). Internal consistency was 0.7 (Cronbach’s α) and 0.77 (McDonald’s ω), and the item-total correlation was between 0.3 and 0.7, except for “A(ii)—Attention to wound”. Specificity and sensitivity were 78–87% and 74–83%, respectively. The cut-off point for rescue analgesia was ≥5 or ≥4 excluding item B(iii) mobility, and the GRADE classification was high, confirming the validity of the scale. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Companion Animal Pain Assessment)
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16 pages, 3268 KiB  
Article
Concurrent Validation of MI-CAT(V), a Clinical Metrology Instrument for Veterinarians Assessing Osteoarthritis Pain in Cats, through Testing for Firocoxib Analgesic Efficacy in a Prospective, Randomized, Controlled, and Blinded Study
by Aliénor Delsart, Colombe Otis, Vivian S. Y. Leung, Émilie Labelle, Maxim Moreau, Marilyn Frezier, Marlene Drag, Johanne Martel-Pelletier, Jean-Pierre Pelletier and Eric Troncy
Animals 2024, 14(5), 711; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050711 - 24 Feb 2024
Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Veterinarians face the lack of a rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and treatment-sensitive metrological instrument reflecting feline osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The Montreal Instrument for Cat Arthritis Testing, for Use by Veterinarians (MI-CAT(V)) has been refined in 4 sub-sections, and we proposed its concurrent validation. Cats [...] Read more.
Veterinarians face the lack of a rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and treatment-sensitive metrological instrument reflecting feline osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The Montreal Instrument for Cat Arthritis Testing, for Use by Veterinarians (MI-CAT(V)) has been refined in 4 sub-sections, and we proposed its concurrent validation. Cats naturally affected by OA (n = 32) were randomly distributed into 4 groups of firocoxib analgesic (Gr. A: 0.40; B: 0.25; C: 0.15, and P: 0.00 mg/kg bodyweight). They were assessed during Baseline, Treatment, and Recovery periods using MI-CAT(V) and objective outcomes (effort path, stairs assay compliance, and actimetry). The MI-CAT(V) total score correlated to the effort path and actimetry (RhoS = −0.501 to −0.453; p < 0.001), also being sensitive to treatment responsiveness. The pooled treatment group improved its total, gait, and body posture scores during Treatment compared to the Baseline, Recovery, and placebo group (p < 0.05). The MI-CAT(V) suggested a dose-(especially for Gr. B) and cluster-response. Cats in the moderate and severe MI-CAT(V) clusters responded to firocoxib with a remaining analgesic effect, while the mild cluster seemed less responsive and experienced a negative rebound effect. The MI-CAT(V) was validated for its OA pain severity discriminatory abilities and sensitivity to firocoxib treatment, providing a new perspective for individualized care. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Companion Animal Pain Assessment)
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10 pages, 1726 KiB  
Article
Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) Block in Rabbit Cadavers: Anatomical Description and Measurements of Injectate Spread Using One- and Two-Point Approaches
by Federica Serino, Luca Pennasilico, Margherita Galosi, Angela Palumbo Piccionello, Adolfo Maria Tambella and Caterina Di Bella
Animals 2024, 14(5), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14050684 - 22 Feb 2024
Viewed by 913
Abstract
The aim of this study was to describe one-point (preiliac approach) and two-point (preiliac and retrocostal approach) blocks of the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) on a cadaveric model. For this purpose, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis [...] Read more.
The aim of this study was to describe one-point (preiliac approach) and two-point (preiliac and retrocostal approach) blocks of the Transversus Abdominis Plane (TAP) on a cadaveric model. For this purpose, ultrasound-guided infiltration of the plane between the internal oblique and transversus abdominis muscles was performed and, after dissection of tissues, the areas and percentage of nerve fibers involved were analyzed. Injection into the TAP plexus of a 1 mL/kg solution of 2% lidocaine and 1% methylene blue (1:1) was performed in 30 rabbit cadavers. In fifteen rabbits (group S), the solution was inoculated at the preiliac level. In the other 15 rabbits (group D), the solution was divided into two inoculations (0.5 mL/kg at the retrocostal level and 0.5 mL/kg at the preiliac level). All cadavers were then dissected and stained spinal nerve branches were measured. Moreover, the percentage of length, height and the total area of the stained tissue were calculated. In the S group, T10, T11 and T12 nerve eminences were successfully stained in 18%, 52% and 75% of cases, respectively. Furthermore, L1, L2, L3 and L4 were stained in 95%, 100%, 60% and 40% of cases, respectively. In group D, the ventromedial eminence of T10, T11 and T12 were stained in 68.1%, 100% and 98% of cases, respectively, and L1, L2, L3 and L4 were stained in 88%, 100%, 62% and 31% of cases, respectively. In conclusion, a two-point TAP block is more effective in covering the nerve eminences of the cranial abdomen than the preiliac approach alone. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Companion Animal Pain Assessment)
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15 pages, 1632 KiB  
Article
Psychometric Testing and Validation of the Italian Version of the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (I-HCPI) in Dogs with Pain Related to Osteoarthritis
by Giorgia della Rocca, Carlo Schievano, Alessandra Di Salvo, Anna K. Hielm-Björkman and Maria Federica della Valle
Animals 2024, 14(1), 83; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14010083 - 25 Dec 2023
Viewed by 1034
Abstract
Pain assessment is of paramount importance for properly managing dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The aim of the present study was to develop and psychometrically validate the Italian version of the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (I-HCPI). Owners of OA painful (n = [...] Read more.
Pain assessment is of paramount importance for properly managing dogs with osteoarthritis (OA) pain. The aim of the present study was to develop and psychometrically validate the Italian version of the Helsinki Chronic Pain Index (I-HCPI). Owners of OA painful (n = 87) and healthy dogs (n = 40) were administered the I-HCPI once or twice after an eight-week meloxicam treatment. Sixty-nine owners of healthy and OA dogs also completed the Italian version of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (I-CBPI). Pain on palpation on a 0–4 scale was assessed on all recruited dogs. Construct validity was tested both with hypothesis testing and principal component analysis, confirming the I-HCPI accurately measured chronic pain. Good convergent and criterion validity were shown through correlations with I-CBPI subscores and distribution among pain on palpation scores (p < 0.0001). The significant difference between the pre- and post-treatment I-HCPI scores (p < 0.0001) and Cohen’s effect size (2.27) indicated excellent responsiveness. The I-HCPI was shown to be reliable through communalities (range 0.47–0.90) and Cronbach α (≥0.95). Discriminative ability and cut-off point, as tested through Receiver Operating Characteristic analysis, showed excellent diagnostic accuracy with a threshold value of 11 (specificity 0.98 and sensitivity 0.94). The I-HCPI was confirmed to be a valid, sensitive, reliable, and accurate tool to discriminate between dogs with and without pain. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Companion Animal Pain Assessment)
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