Reproduction of Small Animals: Physiology, Pathology and Performance, Second Edition

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Animal Reproduction".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 August 2025 | Viewed by 3159

Special Issue Editors


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Guest Editor
1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
2. Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA
Interests: small animal; equine; exotic; wildlife; breeding management; performance of large-scale working dog colonies; male and female infertility; ultrasonography; semen biology; canine semen cryopreservation; contraception in small animals; isolation and characterization of extracellular vesicles; 3D cell culture models of oviductal and endometrial organoids to study disease; canine and feline reproduction and artificial reproductive technologies
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College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
Interests: breeding; small animals; transcervical insemination; reproduction
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

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Guest Editor
Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
Interests: animal reproduction; canine pyometra; small animals
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Since the late 1970s, fundamental research focusing on the unique reproductive physiology of the bitch has brought about a greater understanding of the LH surge, ovulation, and the events surrounding the estrous cycle. This research has led to advances that have improved overall reproductive performance, especially with the use of chilled or frozen–thawed semen samples. Additionally, the development of a basic understanding of specific unique reproductive features, such as luteolysis in the canine, has furthered our understanding of pregnancy, non-pregnancy, and pathologic conditions such as pyometra. Furthermore, novel pharmacological drugs and devices for the treatment of many reproductive conditions and diseases in small animal species have evolved from these early fundamental studies. This work has also paved the way for additional research into non-surgical contraceptive solutions with potential worldwide welfare and ethical implications.

More recently, advances in semen evaluation, handling, chilling, and cryopreservation, along with advances in artificial insemination technologies, such as transcervical endoscopes, have allowed for significant improvements in reproductive performance, genetic gain and, importantly, welfare aspects for female small animal species. However, despite these exciting advancements, there is still much research to be done, particularly in the canine. In-vitro fertilization and blastocyst production, which are so commonly achieved in many other species, are still an area of ongoing research for canine species, especially in wildlife. This makes the development of novel technologies such as gene editing, extracellular vesicles, and 3D organoid culture systems even more important in their application to reproduction in the canine species, especially for the preservation of our endangered small animal species for future generations.

The aim of this Special Issue is to present recent research and reviews on the unique reproductive physiological features of our small animal species and to stimulate interest in the evolving technologies in hopes of furthering this exciting field.

Dr. Fiona K. Hollinshead
Dr. Greg Burns
Dr. Natali Krekeler
Guest Editors

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Keywords

  • artificial insemination
  • contraception
  • litter size
  • transcervical insemination
  • in vitro fertilization
  • ovulation
  • LH surge
  • semen cryopreservation

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (2 papers)

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Research

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14 pages, 268 KiB  
Article
Stability over Time of the Sperm Motility Biomarker proAKAP4 in Repeated Dog Ejaculates
by Giulia Siena, Alain Fontbonne, Barbara Contiero, Cindy Maenhoudt, Guillaume Robiteau, Sarah Slimani, Nicolas Sergeant, Laurent Tiret and Chiara Milani
Animals 2025, 15(8), 1160; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15081160 - 17 Apr 2025
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Abstract
ProAKAP4 is a sperm structural protein involved in motility, capacitation, and fertility. Previous studies suggested it as a suitable marker for canine sperm evaluation. Our study aimed to assess proAKAP4 concentration variations among different ejaculates collected from the same dogs. Fourteen male dogs [...] Read more.
ProAKAP4 is a sperm structural protein involved in motility, capacitation, and fertility. Previous studies suggested it as a suitable marker for canine sperm evaluation. Our study aimed to assess proAKAP4 concentration variations among different ejaculates collected from the same dogs. Fourteen male dogs from 12 different breeds, 1–14 years old and 6.9–95 kg bodyweight, underwent semen collection at least twice (1–4 times) during the same or different days. Sperm concentration, morphology, proAKAP4 concentration, total (TM%), and progressive motility (PM%) were considered. ProAKAP4 values were divided into four classes: ≤15, 15–40, 40–60, and >60 ng/10 M spermatozoa. The time interval between two semen collections was classified as: first collection (T0), semen collection performed 2–3 h after the first one (T0.5) and after ≥1 day (1–36 days, T1). Thirty-three ejaculates were collected. A correlation was found between proAKAP4 classes and TM% (r = 0.40, p = 0.049), whereas no correlation was found neither between proAKAP4 and sperm morphology nor for proAKAP4 classes between collection times (T0 vs. T0.5, p = 0.655; T0 vs. T1, p = 0.564). Our results confirm the correlation between proAKAP4 and TM% in dog semen. ProAKAP4 concentration appears stable in different ejaculates collected from the same dogs. Further studies are needed on the relationship between proAKAP4 and other canine semen parameters and fertility outcomes. Full article

Review

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16 pages, 1808 KiB  
Review
Molecular Factors Involved in the Pathogenesis of Pyometra in Domestic Cats (Felis catus)
by Acácia Eduarda de Jesus Nascimento, Luciano Cardoso Santos and Juneo Freitas Silva
Animals 2024, 14(20), 2987; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14202987 - 16 Oct 2024
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Abstract
Pyometra is a major reproductive disorder affecting female cats. Characterized by the accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterus, it can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications. This pathology primarily occurs in adult cats during diestrus, but can also affect younger felines, [...] Read more.
Pyometra is a major reproductive disorder affecting female cats. Characterized by the accumulation of purulent exudate in the uterus, it can lead to severe and potentially fatal complications. This pathology primarily occurs in adult cats during diestrus, but can also affect younger felines, often due to inappropriate administration of hormonal medications. While the etiopathogenesis of pyometra is better understood in bitches, few studies have addressed the molecular factors involved in feline pyometra. Therefore, this review aims to provide an up-to-date and comprehensive discussion of pyometra in cats, focusing on the regulation of molecular factors described in this species, including hormonal, redox, immunological, and growth factors. Understanding the regulation of these factors in pyometra is crucial for elucidating its pathogenesis in domestic cats and for improving diagnosis and identifying novel therapeutic approaches. Full article
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