Infectious Disease Research in Birds Seen Through the Lens of Metagenomics

A special issue of Animals (ISSN 2076-2615). This special issue belongs to the section "Birds".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (30 April 2025) | Viewed by 979

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
School of Agricultural, Environmental and Veterinary Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, Australia
Interests: veterinary pathology; viral genomics; molecular virology; animal viruses

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Infectious diseases in birds encompass complex interplay between diverse pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites, with host factors that may determine the clinical outcome and ecological consequences. Free-roaming avifauna can serve as reservoirs of diverse pathogens, many of which pose significant biosecurity threats to immunologically naïve avian populations in captivity, to endangered wildlife, poultry, and livestock, and even to human health, owing to potential spillover events. Advances in DNA sequencing technology have equipped us with a plethora of metagenomic toolkits, which have enabled the exploration and surveillance of a vast variety of pathogens in avian hosts without prior information or bias. These advancements have augmented novel pathogen discovery at a much faster pace, have enabled clinical disease and outbreak investigations with greater ease, have allowed the examination of host–pathogen interactions in specialized ecological niches, and so on. Furthermore, a targeted metagenomic approach holds significant implications in disease surveillance and mitigating the risk of emerging infections including zoonoses.

This Special Issue aims to showcase contemporary research in the field of avian infectious diseases, stimulating further innovation and interdisciplinary collaboration in this rapidly evolving field. We welcome research articles and short communications in any relevant field discussed above.

Dr. Shubhagata Das
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • metagenomics
  • pathogen discovery
  • diagnostics
  • genomic diversity
  • evolution
  • spillover
  • wild birds
  • poultry

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Research

13 pages, 3650 KiB  
Article
Near-Complete Avipoxvirus Genome Assembled from Skin Lesions of Dead Eurasian Crane (Grus grus)
by Eszter Kaszab, Endre Sós, Krisztina Bali, Viktória Sós-Koroknai, Edina Perge, Krisztina Ursu, Szilvia Marton, Márton Hoitsy, Gábor Kemenesi and Krisztián Bányai
Animals 2025, 15(1), 60; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15010060 - 30 Dec 2024
Viewed by 739
Abstract
Avian pox is a globally spread viral disease affecting a wide spectrum of wild and domesticated bird species. The disease is caused by a diverse group of large DNA viruses, namely, avipoxviruses (genus Avipoxvirus, family Poxviridae). In this study, gross pathological [...] Read more.
Avian pox is a globally spread viral disease affecting a wide spectrum of wild and domesticated bird species. The disease is caused by a diverse group of large DNA viruses, namely, avipoxviruses (genus Avipoxvirus, family Poxviridae). In this study, gross pathological examination and histopathological examination of skin lesions and several organs suggested acute poxvirus infection of a Eurasian crane (Grus grus, Linnaeus, 1758). Avipoxvirus infection was confirmed by testing wart-like lesions via gene-specific PCR assay and sequencing the obtained amplicon. Phylogenetic analysis of the gene encoding the DNA polymerase revealed that the crane poxvirus clustered in clade A, subclade A3. A large fragment of the poxvirus genome (306,477 bp in length) was assembled from the DNA of a skin specimen. Our study reaffirms previous findings that even complex virus genomes can be determined from a metagenomic assemblage generated directly from avian tissue samples without prior virus isolation, a promising approach for the epidemiologic surveillance of avipoxvirus infections in wild birds and domestic poultry. Full article
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