Swarm Intelligence and Evolutionary Algorithms for Real World Applications (2nd Edition)

A special issue of Algorithms (ISSN 1999-4893). This special issue belongs to the section "Evolutionary Algorithms and Machine Learning".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 31 January 2026 | Viewed by 682

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School of Computing & Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Science, University of Greenwich, London SE10 9LS, UK
Interests: swarm intelligence; evolutionary computation; tomographic reconstruction; computational creativity
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Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Swarm intelligence (SI) and evolutionary computation (EC) techniques have been thriving research topics, especially in areas where conventional methods fail to deal with the size and nature of the problem space.

The self-organising nature of swarm intelligence and evolutionary computation in both natural and computational models is key to the attractiveness of such techniques; they not only explain and reflect natural and social phenomena but also solve complex problems in many disciplines.

Additionally, noisy environments and/or incomplete data are often at the heart of real-world data, where search- and optimisation-related problems are among the core issues. Ever since the inception of SI and EC techniques, researchers have been attracted to the complex emergent behaviour, robustness, and easy-to-understand architecture of nature-inspired swarm intelligence and evolutionary algorithms. In challenging search environments, these methods have often proved more useful than conventional approaches.

This Special Issue will facilitate the discussion of emerging topics in this context and encourage PhD students, early-career researchers, and senior academics to engage in a dialogue surrounding the real-world applications of swarm intelligence and evolutionary computation techniques.

Dr. Mohammad Majid al-Rifaie
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • swarm intelligence
  • evolutionary computation
  • large-scale optimisation
  • multi-objective optimisation
  • complex systems
  • hybridisation
  • premature convergence
  • stagnation
  • particle swarm optimisation
  • differential evolutionary
  • genetic algorithms
  • dispersive flies optimisation
  • ant colony optimisation

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Related Special Issue

Published Papers (3 papers)

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19 pages, 796 KB  
Article
The ACO-BmTSP to Distribute Meals Among the Elderly
by Sílvia de Castro Pereira, Eduardo J. Solteiro Pires and Paulo B. de Moura Oliveira
Algorithms 2025, 18(10), 667; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100667 - 21 Oct 2025
Abstract
The aging of the Portuguese population is a multifaceted challenge that requires a coordinated and comprehensive response from society. In this context, social service institutions play a fundamental role in providing aid and support to the elderly, ensuring that they can enjoy a [...] Read more.
The aging of the Portuguese population is a multifaceted challenge that requires a coordinated and comprehensive response from society. In this context, social service institutions play a fundamental role in providing aid and support to the elderly, ensuring that they can enjoy a dignified and fulfilling life even in the face of the challenges of aging. This research proposes a Balanced Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem based on the Ant Colony Optimization algorithm (ACO-BmTSP) to solve a distribution of meals problem in the municipality of Mogadouro, Portugal. The Multiple Traveling Salesman Problem (mTSP) is an NP-complete problem where m salesmen perform a shortest tour between different cities, visiting each only once. The primary purpose is to minimize the sum of all distance traveled by all salesmen keeping the tours balanced. This paper shows the results of computing obtained for three, four, and five agents with this new approach and their comparison with other approaches like the standard Particle Swarm Optimization and Ant Colony Optimization algorithms. As can be seen, the ACO-BmTSP, in addition to obtaining much more equitable paths, also achieves better results in lower total costs. In conclusion, some benchmark problems were used to evaluate the efficiency of ACO-BmTSP, and the results clearly indicate that this algorithm represents a strong alternative to be considered when the problem size involves fewer than one hundred locations. Full article
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21 pages, 7562 KB  
Article
An Adaptive Rapidly-Exploring Random Trees Algorithm Based on Cross-Entropy Optimization
by Duo Zhao, Qichao Tang, Lei Ma, Yongkui Sun and Jieyu Lei
Algorithms 2025, 18(10), 615; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18100615 - 29 Sep 2025
Viewed by 189
Abstract
In this paper a novel adaptive rapidly-exploring random trees algorithm based on cross-entropy optimization (CE-RRT) is proposed. We seek to provide a low-cost, fast, and effective solution for path planning of robots in various complex environments. Firstly, an adaptive sampling strategy is introduced [...] Read more.
In this paper a novel adaptive rapidly-exploring random trees algorithm based on cross-entropy optimization (CE-RRT) is proposed. We seek to provide a low-cost, fast, and effective solution for path planning of robots in various complex environments. Firstly, an adaptive sampling strategy is introduced to make the search directional. Then, an adaptive step adjustment strategy is proposed to improve the search efficiency of the algorithm. Finally, the cross-entropy algorithm is introduced to optimize redundant nodes in feasible paths and improve path quality. In order to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed algorithm, it is used to solve path planning problems in two two-dimensional environments and one three-dimensional environment. The RRT and RRT* algorithms are used as benchmarks to measure the effectiveness of the three optimization strategies. The simulation demonstrates that the proposed CE-RRT algorithm can effectively improve search efficiency and path quality. Particularly (path shortened by 26%, 22.70%, and 49.11%), the CE-RRT algorithm exhibits stronger robustness in three-dimensional environments. In addition, the proposed CE-RRT algorithm can be used to plan a reasonable path for the dual robot based on the dual Sawyer simulation platform. Full article
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18 pages, 393 KB  
Article
A Comparison of Energy Consumption and Quality of Solutions in Evolutionary Algorithms
by Francisco Javier Luque-Hernández, Sergio Aquino-Britez, Josefa Díaz-Álvarez and Pablo García-Sánchez
Algorithms 2025, 18(9), 593; https://doi.org/10.3390/a18090593 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 288
Abstract
Evolutionary algorithms are extensively used to solve optimisation problems. However, it is important to consider and reduce their energy consumption, bearing in mind that programming languages also significantly affect energy efficiency. This research work compares the execution of four frameworks—ParadisEO (C++), ECJ (Java), [...] Read more.
Evolutionary algorithms are extensively used to solve optimisation problems. However, it is important to consider and reduce their energy consumption, bearing in mind that programming languages also significantly affect energy efficiency. This research work compares the execution of four frameworks—ParadisEO (C++), ECJ (Java), DEAPand Inspyred (Python)—running on two different architectures: a laptop and a server. The study follows a design that combines three population sizes (26, 210, 214 individuals) and three crossover probabilities (0.01; 0.2; 0.8) applied to four benchmarks (OneMax, Sphere, Rosenbrock and Schwefel). This work makes a relevant methodological contribution by providing a consistent implementation of the metric η=fitness/kWh. This metric has been systematically applied in four different frameworks, thereby setting up a standardized and replicable protocol for the evaluation of the energy efficiency of evolutionary algorithms. The CodeCarbon software was used to estimate energy consumption, which was measured using RAPL counters. This unified metric also indicates the algorithmic productivity. The experimental results show that the server speeds up the number of generations by a factor of approximately 2.5, but the energy consumption increases four- to sevenfold. Therefore, on average, the energy efficiency of the laptop is five times higher. The results confirm the following conclusions: the computer power does not guarantee sustainability, and population size is a key factor in balancing quality and energy. Full article
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