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Agronomy
Special Issues
Grass Improvement through Integrated Omics, Physiology and Breeding Approaches
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Grass Improvement through Integrated Omics, Physiology and Breeding Approaches

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Grassland and Pasture Science".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (15 June 2022) | Viewed by 7889

Special Issue Editors

Prof. Dr. Bin Xu

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
Interests: turf grass; forage; abiotic stress; omics analysis; gene function
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals
Prof. Dr. Linkai Huang

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Department of Forage Science, College of Grassland Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
Interests: forage genomics; molecular breeding
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

The availability of plant multi-omics has given scientists a qualitative leap in their understanding of plant growth and development and the laws of adversity. These accumulating omics data when integrated with plant phenotypic and physiological analysis and/or conventional/molecular breeding strategies enable us to explore the regulation mechanism; excavate key genes related to yield, quality, disease resistance, stress resistance, etc.; and to advance breeding of grass species.

This Special Issue aims to provide a set of papers which illustrate our current progress in integrated approaches of plant omics, plant stress tolerance and yield-related gene mining, plant physiology, and breeding strageties toward grass improvement. Review articles, research articles, and short communnitions fell into the above-mentioned field are also encouraged. 

Prof. Dr. Bin Xu
Prof. Dr. Linkai Huang
Guest Editors

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • grass
  • forage
  • turf
  • bioenergy
  • omics
  • gene mining
  • stress
  • yield

Published Papers (4 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 1562 KiB  
Article
Exogenous Applications of Spermidine Improve Drought Tolerance in Seedlings of the Ornamental Grass Hordeum jubatum in Northeast China
by Jingyao Tian, Yi Zhao, Yuqiao Pan, Xiaoxuan Chen, Yingnan Wang, Jixiang Lin, Jinghong Wang and Qingjie Yang
Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1180; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051180 - 14 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 1693
Abstract
Hordeum jubatum L. is a potential ornamental grass species. Spermidine (Spd) plays a regulatory role in plant stress. This study measured seedling growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, osmotic regulatory substance contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities in H. jubatum seedlings pretreated with Spd (0–1.5 mM [...] Read more.
Hordeum jubatum L. is a potential ornamental grass species. Spermidine (Spd) plays a regulatory role in plant stress. This study measured seedling growth, photosynthesis, chlorophyll fluorescence, osmotic regulatory substance contents, and antioxidant enzyme activities in H. jubatum seedlings pretreated with Spd (0–1.5 mM at 0.5 mM intervals) in drought treatments simulating natural water loss. The results indicated that the water content, photosynthetic parameters maximal quantum yield of PSII photochemistry (Fv/Fm), actual quantum yield of photochemical energy conversion in PSII (ϕPSII), and photochemical quenching coefficient (qp) values of H. jubatum shoots decreased significantly with increasing drought intensity. Simultaneously, the contents of malondialdehyde (MDA) and the nonphotochemical quenching coefficient (NPQ) value increased. Spd improved growth and photosynthesis under drought stress. Spd also increased osmotic regulatory substance contents and antioxidant enzyme activities. These results suggest that the drought stress inhibited the growth of H. jubatum and damaged the photosynthetic systems, triggering a range of protective responses. Exogenous Spd mitigated the damage by promoting a variety of responses and adaptive mechanisms, such as adjusting stomatal conductance, promoting photosynthetic capacity, accelerating the synthesis of osmoregulatory molecules, and activating antioxidant enzyme systems. Additionally, 1.5 mM Spd-treated H. jubatum had the best drought tolerance. This study will help to develop an understanding of the effects of exogenous Spd on improving drought resistance and provide a strategy for the H. jubatum landscape effect to be achieved under water-limited conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grass Improvement through Integrated Omics, Physiology and Breeding Approaches)
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14 pages, 2679 KiB  
Article
Morphological and Biochemical Factors Associated with Constitutive Defense to Thrips in Alfalfa
by Zhiqiang Zhang, Qi Chen, Rula Sa, Rui Dai, Shuang Shuang, Xiaohong Jiang, Huijie Liu, Yao Tan, Fang Tang and Buhe Temuer
Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1175; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051175 - 13 May 2022
Viewed by 1791
Abstract
Plants have evolved a series of inducible or constitutive defense mechanisms in response to herbivore attack. Constitutive plant defenses are morphological and biochemical traits of the plants themselves, regardless of the presence of herbivores. We bred an alfalfa variety (Caoyuan No.4) with high [...] Read more.
Plants have evolved a series of inducible or constitutive defense mechanisms in response to herbivore attack. Constitutive plant defenses are morphological and biochemical traits of the plants themselves, regardless of the presence of herbivores. We bred an alfalfa variety (Caoyuan No.4) with high thrips resistance, but the mechanisms underlying Caoyuan No.4 resistance to thrips are not well understood. To explore the constitutive defense of Caoyuan No.4, the morphological and biochemical traits associated with constitutive defense to thrips in alfalfa were analyzed using a thrips-susceptible alfalfa accession (Caoyuan No.2) as a control. The results showed that Caoyuan No.4 had thicker palisade tissue and parenchyma tissue, wider collenchyma, phloem, cambium and lignin layer, and smaller epidermal cells and stomatal aperture compared to Caoyuan No.2. Moreover, Caoyuan No.4 showed more non-glandular trichomes in both leaves and stems, but less glandular trichomes and more wax in stems. In addition, the results of the widely targeted metabolomics analysis showed that metabolites related to flavonoid, isoflavonoid, flavone and flavonol biosynthesis, as well as cysteine and methionine metabolism, differed between CaoyuanNo.2 and Caoyuan No.4. These findings shed new light on the constitutive insect defense of plants associated with physical or biochemical traits and may provide convenient markers for breeding thrips-resistant alfalfa cultivars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grass Improvement through Integrated Omics, Physiology and Breeding Approaches)
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16 pages, 2605 KiB  
Article
Physiological and Transcription Analyses Reveal the Regulatory Mechanism in Oat (Avena sativa) Seedlings with Different Drought Resistance under PEG-Induced Drought Stress
by Wenlong Gong, Zeliang Ju, Jikuan Chai, Xiangrui Zhou, Doudou Lin, Weijuan Su and Guiqin Zhao
Agronomy 2022, 12(5), 1005; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12051005 - 22 Apr 2022
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2315
Abstract
Drought severely limits the growth and development of oat (Avena sativa) seedlings. As an osmotic regulator simulating a drought environment, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been widely linked in response to plant drought tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of oats’ response to [...] Read more.
Drought severely limits the growth and development of oat (Avena sativa) seedlings. As an osmotic regulator simulating a drought environment, Polyethylene glycol (PEG) has been widely linked in response to plant drought tolerance. However, the underlying mechanism of oats’ response to PEG stress is still largely unknown. Here, we investigated the physiological and transcriptome variables of the drought-resistant oat variety DA92-2F6, and the drought-susceptible variety Longyan 3 under 15% PEG-6000 drought stress to better understand the underlying drought tolerance molecular mechanisms. The physiological results showed that except for the cell membrane permeability, the antioxidant enzyme, osmotic adjustment substance, and photosynthetic efficiency were significantly higher in the DA92-2F6 after 7 d stress. Further, 12 cDNA libraries and 123,223 unigenes were obtained by RNA-seq. A total of 33,857 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, of which two co-upregulated and three co-downregulated in four comparisons. We highlighted an analysis of the DEGs in phytohormone signal transduction pathway. The auxin, cytokinin, and brassinosteroid signaling pathways, were suppressed in Longyan 3, while abscisic acid and jasmonic acid signaling pathways were mainly activated in DA92-2F6 under drought stress. The upregulated of PP2C, ABF, SNRK2, GID1, JAZ, and MYC2 genes may enhance the drought tolerance of DA92-2F6. Taken together, these results provided a new transcript resource for the drought tolerance improvement and a reference for oat drought resistance molecular breeding. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grass Improvement through Integrated Omics, Physiology and Breeding Approaches)
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13 pages, 2863 KiB  
Article
Profiling of Water-Use Efficiency in Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and the Relationship with Cadmium Accumulation
by Zhaoyang Hu, Zhigang Fang, Bingyu Hu, Xuehui Wen, Laiqing Lou and Qingsheng Cai
Agronomy 2022, 12(2), 507; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12020507 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1493
Abstract
Planting bioenergy crops with high water-use efficiency (WUE) on heavy metal-polluted land is a good practice for biomass production and phytoremediation. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a C4 perennial bioenergy grass, is native to the United States. The relationship between the WUE [...] Read more.
Planting bioenergy crops with high water-use efficiency (WUE) on heavy metal-polluted land is a good practice for biomass production and phytoremediation. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.), a C4 perennial bioenergy grass, is native to the United States. The relationship between the WUE and Cd accumulation of switchgrass has seldom been studied. Here, the WUE and Cd accumulation characteristics of 14 high-biomass switchgrass cultivars were investigated under Cd stress by hydroponic culture. The main results showed that Cd inhibited the instantaneous WUE in switchgrass seedlings and that the inhibition rate was more significant in the upland types than in the lowland types of switchgrass. A positive correlation was found between relative WUE and Cd accumulation in roots and shoots. The relative expression level of stomatal control-related genes (ERECTA and EPF1) in lowland cultivars with high WUE was higher than in upland cultivars with low WUE, both in control and Cd treatment conditions. The results suggest that it would be possible to further select and cultivate switchgrass with high WUE and a high capacity for Cd accumulation for phytoremediation in Cd-contaminated land. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Grass Improvement through Integrated Omics, Physiology and Breeding Approaches)
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