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Agronomy
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The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series...
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The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II

A special issue of Agronomy (ISSN 2073-4395). This special issue belongs to the section "Agricultural Biosystem and Biological Engineering".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: 30 June 2024 | Viewed by 10441

Special Issue Editor

Dr. Mukund R. Shukla

E-Mail Website
Guest Editor
Gosling Research Institute for Plant Preservation, Department of Plant Agriculture, University of Guelph, 50 Stone Rd E,EC Bovey Bldg, Room 4221, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada
Interests: plant tissue cultures; medicinal plants; in vitro rooting; Plant Tissue Culture; disease resistance; plant genetics; micropropagation; Plant Biotechnology; Plant Molecular Biology
Special Issues, Collections and Topics in MDPI journals

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Plant tissue culture is a fundamental in vitro technology that greatly helps in basic plant science research, mass propagation and the conservation of various plant species. Nowadays, plant tissue culture is considered a great tool at a commercial scale, especially for horticulture, ornamental, and medicinal plant species. There are several reports on plant tissue culture available based on fundamental research. Now, research should shift towards focusing on the applicability of plant tissue culture. Micropropagation protocols have been successfully reported for more than a hundred plant species. However, the plant tissue protocol is species specific and needs to be optimized based on the applicability for mass production or conservation. There are several factors which need to be considered while optimizing the protocol, such as explant selection, culture conditions, growth media, the culture system and acclimatization. Currently, the performance of tissue-culture-raised plants and the cost of production are major challenges for the commercial set up. Bioreactor-based mass propagation for economically important plant species is more efficient and feasible. It can be achieved by modifying the culture system and light quality in combination with plant growth regulators.

This Special Issue titled “The applicability of plant tissue culture in propagation and conservation” will highlight the plant tissue culture and conservation aspects, focusing on their applicability for a wide range of plant species, to bring the latest fundamental lab research to the field and increase awareness among the end users.

Dr. Mukund R. Shukla
Guest Editor

Manuscript Submission Information

Manuscripts should be submitted online at www.mdpi.com by registering and logging in to this website. Once you are registered, click here to go to the submission form. Manuscripts can be submitted until the deadline. All submissions that pass pre-check are peer-reviewed. Accepted papers will be published continuously in the journal (as soon as accepted) and will be listed together on the special issue website. Research articles, review articles as well as short communications are invited. For planned papers, a title and short abstract (about 100 words) can be sent to the Editorial Office for announcement on this website.

Submitted manuscripts should not have been published previously, nor be under consideration for publication elsewhere (except conference proceedings papers). All manuscripts are thoroughly refereed through a single-blind peer-review process. A guide for authors and other relevant information for submission of manuscripts is available on the Instructions for Authors page. Agronomy is an international peer-reviewed open access monthly journal published by MDPI.

Please visit the Instructions for Authors page before submitting a manuscript. The Article Processing Charge (APC) for publication in this open access journal is 2600 CHF (Swiss Francs). Submitted papers should be well formatted and use good English. Authors may use MDPI's English editing service prior to publication or during author revisions.

Keywords

  • in vitro technologies
  • plant growth regulators
  • plant growth conditions
  • explants preconditioning
  • light quality
  • micropropagation
  • bioreactor
  • ex-situ conservation
  • horticultural crops
  • genetic stability

Published Papers (5 papers)

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Research

19 pages, 12053 KiB  
Article
In Vitro Microrhizome Production, Genetic Homogeneity Assessment, and Field Performance Evaluation in Ginger
by Shuangying Yu, Liu Hu, Yiqing Liu and Xiaodong Cai
Agronomy 2024, 14(4), 747; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy14040747 - 04 Apr 2024
Viewed by 429
Abstract
In vitro-induced microrhizomes are promising for producing disease-free planting materials in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), spice and medicinal crops threatened by several soil-borne diseases. The study examined microrhizome induction, genetic homogeneity, and field performance in ginger. The condition combination of 3.0 mg·L [...] Read more.
In vitro-induced microrhizomes are promising for producing disease-free planting materials in ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.), spice and medicinal crops threatened by several soil-borne diseases. The study examined microrhizome induction, genetic homogeneity, and field performance in ginger. The condition combination of 3.0 mg·L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 100 g·L−1 sucrose, and a 12-h photoperiod (the optimal conditions) produced the largest number of microrhizomes among all treatments but resulted in a lower average fresh weight during the 60-day culture period. Larger microrhizomes exhibited greater tolerance to water loss and a higher percentage of sprouting. Therefore, additional efforts were made to increase the size of the microrhizomes. Under the optimal conditions, the fresh weight increased significantly to 280.3 mg and 403.4 mg after 30 days of additional culture and in vitro culture of small-sized microrhizomes, respectively. Flow cytometry analysis and SSR characterization confirmed the genetic homogeneity of the regenerated plants with microrhizomes (MR) and those obtained by directly sowing sprouted microrhizomes into the substrate without acclimatization (FMR). At harvest, the MR had the most robust growth, a significantly higher fresh rhizome weight (206.1 g per plant) than the FMR (121.8 g per plant) and conventional tissue-cultured plants (TC), and similar rhizome finger size (11.5 g and 10.2 cm2) to the FMR. These findings suggest that both the MR and the FMR have advantages over the TC in producing seedling rhizomes of ginger in the first growing season. The established approach may be useful for large-scale production of disease-free ginger rhizomes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II)
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16 pages, 11124 KiB  
Article
Efficient Micropropagation of Genetically Stable Panax ginseng Meyer by Somatic Embryogenesis
by Jung-Woo Lee, Jang-Uk Kim, Kyong-Hwan Bang, Dong-Hwi Kim, Ick-Hyun Jo and Young-Doo Park
Agronomy 2023, 13(4), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13041139 - 17 Apr 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1277
Abstract
Panax ginseng Meyer is a valuable medicinal crop. However, the species’ propagation is limited by its long reproductive cycle and low seed yield. The present study focused on P. ginseng plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and evaluated the genetic stability of regenerated plantlets. [...] Read more.
Panax ginseng Meyer is a valuable medicinal crop. However, the species’ propagation is limited by its long reproductive cycle and low seed yield. The present study focused on P. ginseng plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis and evaluated the genetic stability of regenerated plantlets. We assessed the effects of carbon source type and concentration on somatic embryo induction, maturation, and germination. Somatic embryogenesis was optimal in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 5% sucrose; however, maturation peaked in 1/2 MS containing low concentrations of sucrose ranging from 1 to 2%. Germination and plant regeneration were optimal in germination medium supplemented with 2% sucrose based on high germination rates, efficient plantlet production, and balanced growth characteristics. Molecular marker analysis suggested that the genetic fidelity of the regenerated plants was comparable with that of the control. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis showed that in vitro-grown roots (IGRs) accumulated more ginsenoside than those of the control, but the ginsenoside content of 2 year old IGRs was similar to that of the controls after acclimatization. Our study provides valuable insights into the optimization of genetically stable micropropagation and could promote the distribution of superior P. ginseng cultivars with high product yields and quality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II)
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15 pages, 4376 KiB  
Article
UV-B Radiation as a Novel Tool to Modulate the Architecture of In Vitro Grown Mentha spicata (L.)
by Gaia Crestani, Natalie Cunningham, Uthman O. Badmus, Els Prinsen and Marcel A. K. Jansen
Agronomy 2023, 13(1), 2; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy13010002 - 20 Dec 2022
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1228
Abstract
In vitro culturing can generate plants with a distorted morphology. Some distortions affect the plant’s survival after transfer to an ex vitro environment, while others can affect the aesthetic value. Therefore, exogenous hormones are often applied in in vitro cultures to modulate plant [...] Read more.
In vitro culturing can generate plants with a distorted morphology. Some distortions affect the plant’s survival after transfer to an ex vitro environment, while others can affect the aesthetic value. Therefore, exogenous hormones are often applied in in vitro cultures to modulate plant architecture. In this study, it was hypothesised that regulatory effects of UV-B radiation on plant morphology can be exploited under in vitro conditions, and that UV exposure will result in sturdier, less elongated plants with more branches and smaller leaves, mediated by changes in plant hormones. Plants were grown in tissue-culture containers and exposed to ~0.22 W m−2 UV-B for 8 days. Subsequently, plants were transferred to soil and monitored for a further 7 days. Results show that UV induced a marked change in architecture with a significant increase in axillary branches, and reductions in leaf area, plant height and root weight. These changes were associated with significant alterations in concentrations of hormones, including IAA, GA7, GA3 and iP–9–G. Changes in hormone concentrations suggest a regulatory, rather than a stress response to UV-B. Therefore, it is proposed that the application of UV in in vitro culture can be an innovative approach to manipulate plant architecture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II)
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16 pages, 24438 KiB  
Article
High Frequency Direct Organogenesis, Genetic Homogeneity, Chemical Characterization and Leaf Ultra-Structural Study of Regenerants in Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey
by Anamica Upadhyay, Anwar Shahzad, Zishan Ahmad, Abdulrahman A. Alatar, Gea Guerriero and Mohammad Faisal
Agronomy 2021, 11(11), 2164; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112164 - 27 Oct 2021
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2356
Abstract
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, commonly referred to as “Shivalingi” or “Lollipop climber” is a valuable medicinal plant with a climbing growth habit used in traditional medicine. It is reputed to have antiarthritic, anti-diabetic properties and to be useful in various skin and [...] Read more.
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.) C. Jeffrey, commonly referred to as “Shivalingi” or “Lollipop climber” is a valuable medicinal plant with a climbing growth habit used in traditional medicine. It is reputed to have antiarthritic, anti-diabetic properties and to be useful in various skin and reproductive problems. Overexploitation of wild plants and low seed germination have resulted in the decline of the species in the wild. Thus, the present investigation was aimed to establish an effective in vitro propagation procedure for its large-scale production and conservation. Nodal explants, obtained from an established mother plant were grown on MS basal medium augmented with various cytokinins, alone or in combination with auxins, to study the morphogenic response. A maximum of 8.3 shoots/explants with an average shoot length of 7.2 cm were produced after six weeks on MS containing benzylaminopurine 5.0 µM + 1-naphthaleneacetic acid 2.0 µM. After 4 weeks of transfer, microshoots rooted well on a low nutrient medium of ½ MS + 1.0 µM indole-3-butyric acid, with a maximum of 11.0 roots/microshoot and an average root length of 7.4 cm. With an 80% survival rate, the regenerated plantlets were effectively acclimatized to natural conditions. DNA-based molecular markers were used to investigate the genetic uniformity. Scanning Electron Microscopic examination of leaves indicated the adaptation of the plantlets to natural, as evidenced by the formation of normal stomata. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analyses of mother and micropropagated plants were performed to identify essential secondary metabolites. The results obtained show that the in vitro propagation system can be adopted for preservation, large-scale production and secondary metabolites’ production in D. palmatus. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II)
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15 pages, 2321 KiB  
Article
Improved Conservation of Coffee (Coffea arabica L.) Germplasm via Micropropagation and Cryopreservation
by Yanelis Castilla Valdés, Mukund R. Shukla, María Esther González Vega and Praveen K. Saxena
Agronomy 2021, 11(9), 1861; https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11091861 - 16 Sep 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3755
Abstract
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important tropical agricultural crop that has significant economic and social importance in the world. The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources through seeds is not feasible due to the sensitivity of coffee seed to desiccation and [...] Read more.
Coffee (Coffea spp.) is an important tropical agricultural crop that has significant economic and social importance in the world. The ex situ conservation of plant genetic resources through seeds is not feasible due to the sensitivity of coffee seed to desiccation and low temperatures. The cryopreservation of zygotic embryos may allow for an efficient and long-term storage of coffee germplasm. This study describes the cryopreservation methods for conserving zygotic embryos of Coffea arabica L. for the long-term conservation of currently available germplasm. Zygotic embryos were successfully cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen at −196 °C under controlled environmental conditions with either droplet-vitrification or encapsulation–vitrification protocols without dehydration. Zygotic embryos had the highest regrowth (100%) following droplet-vitrification cryopreservation using the Plant Vitrification Solution 3 (PVS3) for 40 min at 23 °C. In the case of encapsulation–vitrification using PVS3 for 40 min at 23 °C, the embryo regeneration response was 78%. Plantlets were recovered following shoot multiplication using a temporary immersion system (TIS) and in vitro rooting. The prolific rooting of shoots was observed after 4 weeks of culture in the liquid medium with plugs made of the inert substrate Oasis® In vitro Express (IVE) compared to the semi-solid medium. The successful cryopreservation of coffee zygotic embryos using droplet vitrification and encapsulation–vitrification followed by micropropagation in temporary immersion culture system has not been reported earlier and together these technologies are anticipated to further facilitate the initiatives for the conservation and distribution of coffee germplasm. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue The Applicability of Plant Tissue Culture in Propagation and Conservation—Series II)
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