Youth

This article examines how young adults in higher education (Generation Z) perceive the usefulness of ChatGPT by analyzing five learning-support roles within the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), Expectation–Confirmation Theory (ECT), and Task–Technology Fit (TTF). Drawing on an online survey of 409 students from Polish universities and nonparametric analyses, this study consistently finds that students rate ChatGPT’s potential higher than its current usefulness. The tool is evaluated most favorably as a tutor, task assistant, text editor, and teacher, while its motivational role is rated least effective. Usage patterns matter: students who used ChatGPT for writing tasks rated its assistance with educational assignments more highly, and those who used it for learning activities rated its teaching role more strongly. The strongest evaluations appear when model capabilities such as structuring, summarizing, step-by-step explanations, and personalization align with task requirements. By integrating TAM, ECT, and TTF, this study advances evidence on how Gen Z engages with conversational AI and offers practical guidance for educators, support services, and youth-focused policymakers on equitable and responsible use. Full article

Pacific youth in Aotearoa New Zealand are culturally diverse and deeply rooted in their families and communities. Despite facing socioeconomic inequities, systemic barriers, and limited decision-making opportunities, they maintain a positive perception of health and actively contribute to collective wellbeing. This paper explores the strengths of Pacific youth and how these can be harnessed to mobilise community wellbeing and transformative change. Using Pacific research methodologies—lalaga (weaving) and talanoa—we integrate findings from three key sources: the Talavou o le Moana Pacific Youth19 Report (quantitative data from 1130 Pacific youth), the Pacific Youth Home and Family Brief (open-text responses on family life), and insights from a panel of Pacific policy, research, and community experts presented in a webinar. These resources were reviewed and woven together by a team of three Pacific practitioners and one New Zealand European researcher, all with backgrounds in youth health, social work, and Pacific education. The lalaga reveals Pacific youth’s collective strength, cultural identity, and deep sense of responsibility. Their resilience and leadership, even amid adversity, highlight the urgent need for culturally grounded, youth-led, and community-responsive approaches. Empowering Pacific youth as agents of change is essential for fostering holistic wellbeing and transformative futures. Full article

This study aimed to evaluate the impact of an 8-week reverse Nordic exercise training (RNET) program on physical fitness in male youth soccer players. A total of 35 players participated in the study and were divided into two groups: the RNET group (n = 19, age 16.39 ± 0.46 years) and the active control group (CG: n = 16, age 16.53 ± 0.48 years). To assess fitness changes, participants were tested on linear sprint speed (5, 10, and 20 m sprints), change-of-direction (CiD) speed (505-CiD), vertical jump (countermovement jump [CMJ]), horizontal jump (standing long jump [SLJ]), drop jump (20 cm drop jump [DJ-20]), and repeated sprint ability (RSA). Significant group-by-time interactions were observed (effect size, [ES] = 0.70 to 1.37), with substantial improvements in the RNET group across linear sprint, CiD, and jumping performances (ES = 0.61 to 1.47), while no significant changes were noted in the CG. However, no significant group-by-time interactions were observed for RSA parameters. Individual response analysis revealed that 63–89% of RNET group exhibited improvements exceeding the smallest worthwhile change (SWC_0.2) threshold. These results suggest that the RNET program is both effective and safe for enhancing physical fitness in male youth soccer players. Full article

Ethnic and racial bias peaks during middle childhood. The development of internal motivation to respond without prejudice (IMRWP, i.e., a desire to act according to internalized beliefs about equality) and external motivation to respond without prejudice (EMRWP, i.e., the desire to appear non-prejudicial in order to avoid social censure or rejection) may help to reduce children’s racial bias. However, IMRWP and EMRWP have almost exclusively been studied among adults. The current review seeks to situate IMRWP and EMRWP research within established developmental psychological theories in order to provide a framework for needed research in this area. We describe how peer norms may contribute to or hinder internal and external MRWP development over the course of middle childhood. We consider same- and cross-ethnicity/race friendships as possible sources of IMRWP development. Finally, we address the potential for schools to contribute to both IMRWP and EMRWP development through policies that emphasize intergroup contact and education about race and racism. Given the urgent threat that ethnic and racial prejudice poses to society, better understanding the development of motivations to respond without prejudice from early in life is critical. Full article

This descriptive phenomenological study investigated counsellors’ perceptions of their multicultural responsiveness and related counselling competencies. Accordingly, we employed a phenomenological research design to investigate these perceptions. Our study focused on 15 participants located in Canada between 25 and 60 years old, all with over three years of experience working in immigration. They completed a 90 min, in-depth, semi-structured qualitative interview about their perceptions of their cultural competence while working with newcomer youth. Results were developed to include four significant categories highlighting the critical role of counsellor awareness, knowledge, and skills, as well as the multicultural counselling relationship. These findings highlight the way multicultural counselling competencies need to be targeted when working with young newcomers in their host country. Implications for practice, training, research, and policy are presented. Full article

Transitions from care into adulthood are often a shift from dependence to independence. Yet for care-experienced individuals, this process is neither linear nor complete at a predetermined age. Despite progressive Scottish policies—such as The Promise—many still face unequal access to support. This article explores how structural and relational scaffolding can transform outcomes. Drawing on the lived and professional knowledge of three care-experienced authors, it examines how language, relationship-based practice, and support influence definitions of success. Reframing care experience as lifelong challenges systems to provide enduring, person-centered support. While research affirms the importance of responsive scaffolding, few studies center the voices of care-experienced adults in defining what effective support looks like. This article addresses that gap by placing care-experienced authors not as subjects, but as analysts and advocates. The article is based on a collaborative, care-informed reflective process. The authors adapted the Gibbs Reflective Cycle to suit a trauma-aware and relational approach. Their reflections are not anecdotal—they are critically analyzed, thematically structured, and used as evidence to interrogate systems and propose alternatives. Key findings highlight the importance of sustained relational practice, responsive educational support, and recognizing care experience as lifelong. Full article

This study explores how parenting practices influence access to mental health and substance use (MHSU) care among African immigrant and refugee youth in Nova Scotia. Based on qualitative interviews and focus groups with youth aged 18–25 who had accessed or attempted to access MHSU services, this study centers youth narratives on parental roles in navigating culturally unfamiliar health systems. Data were analyzed thematically by the research team, with input from advisory committee members of African descent, using a collaborative and manual approach grounded in Afrocentric and Ubuntu principles of relationality, collective meaning-making, and respect for participant voice. Despite stigma, and acculturative stress, findings reveal that African parents often act as vigilant protectors, cultural anchors, and decisive actors in recognizing and responding to youth substance use. Participants described their parents as watchful, strict, and deeply invested in their well-being, sometimes even “saving” them by initiating care when peers or institutions failed to do so. Parental nudging, family-based intervention, and cultural values of collective responsibility were central to accessing MHSU services. This study emphasizes the need for culturally responsive and family-inclusive healthcare delivery by highlighting gaps in care systems where parental involvement was excluded or where African family dynamics that shape help-seeking and support were misunderstood. Full article

Youth transitioning to post-secondary education in Canada face a variety of barriers, but care-experienced youth (CEY) can encounter distinct barriers, including financial insecurity, social isolation, and a lack of academic preparation. This paper explores how tuition waiver programs contribute to CEY student success by alleviating financial burden and facilitating access to higher education. Drawing on an international scoping review and interviews with CEY and support professionals, our research highlights key components of tuition waiver programs that enhance student retention, persistence, engagement, academic achievement, and ultimately graduation. Our findings underscore the necessity of holistic wraparound supports—such as mentorship, mental health services, and academic advising—to ensure successful transitions for CEY and improve their long-term educational and socioeconomic outcomes. Full article

Adolescence is a crucial stage of development in which numerous habits that will shape future health are established. Participation in physical and sport activity is recognized as a key factor not only for improving physical condition but also for psychological and social well-being. However, its practice tends to decline during this vital stage. In this line, Self-Determination Theory (SDT) emerges as a useful approach to understand and promote quality motivation in sports practice. The aim of this study is to examine, through a scoping review, the effects of interventions based on SDT principles on variables related to motivation and well-being in adolescents. This scoping review was based on the PRISMA quality criteria, using the 14 databases included in the Web of Science platform. A total of 10 open access articles published in English and Spanish between 2021–2025 met inclusion criteria, with diverse designs and applied in school, family, and clinical contexts. The results reveal that interventions supporting autonomy, reinforcing competence, and fostering interpersonal relationships produce positive effects on self-determined motivation, active engagement, perceived well-being, and the intention to remain physically active. These findings support the importance of designing programs that are sensitive to the motivational context of adolescents, aimed at holistic development and the consolidation of active habits that become sustainable over time. Full article

In the context of today’s neoliberal governance of schooling, the psychological, emotional, cultural, and spiritual costs of internalized racism remain unaddressed. However, when Youth of Color embody internalized racial oppression (IRO), they become “psychologically homeless,” which affects their wellbeing in devastating ways. This article advances an anti-racist research agenda in education, suggesting that education researchers’ implementation of “healing methodologies” in school is key to tackling issues of IRO. To this end, this paper advocates for education researchers to embrace, incorporate, and combine art-based and walking approaches into participatory “healing methodologies” to provide students with embodied practices that can support them in exploring, reconciling, and repairing hidden injuries while re-establishing inner strength and equilibrium for wellbeing and body restoration. Full article

Youth purpose is a critical developmental asset linked to well-being, academic engagement, and vocational success. However, traditional assessments often fail to capture its complexity. This study introduces an innovative qualitative approach that combines semi-structured interviews with visual mapping to help adolescent participants articulate their journey toward purpose development. Thirty-eight diverse high school students participated in creating visual maps to illustrate their personal paths toward finding purpose. Results revealed three salient themes: (1) chronology, with the road map serving as a way to depict purpose development across time, (2) the common shapes of purpose paths, revealing insights into the developmental experience of purpose, and (3) complementary enhancements, with the visual maps enriching the interviews. This approach offers a rich understanding of how meaningful relationships and formative experiences shape adolescents’ purpose development and highlights the potential of visual methods to capture these complex processes. We discuss practical applications for educational and counseling interventions aimed at cultivating youth purpose. Full article

Researchers, media outlets, and stakeholders in adolescent well-being have raised concerns that increased reliance on electronic communication during the COVID-19 pandemic may have led to a rise in cyberbullying among youth. This exploratory study examined potential changes in cyberbullying behaviors among adolescents in the U.S. and India using longitudinal survey data collected before and during COVID-19-related shutdowns. This study included 92 participants from the U.S. and 38 from India who took part in a cohort study, reporting on their experiences with cyberbullying perpetration and victimization at two time points. Our preliminary findings suggest that there was no significant increase in cyberbullying involvement in either country following the onset of the pandemic. The findings from our exploratory work offer early insights into adolescent digital engagement during a global crisis and highlight the importance of including youth from diverse contexts in cyberbullying research. Full article

Existential concerns are particularly salient during emerging adulthood—a period marked by identity exploration, uncertainty, and developmental transitions. This qualitative study explores the existential anxieties of Greek young adults within the unique sociocultural context of prolonged economic instability and shifting generational expectations. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with fifteen participants aged 18–30, and thematic analysis was employed to identify key patterns. The findings reveal that concerns about meaning, death, identity, and isolation were central to participants’ experiences, and were often intensified by financial insecurity, intergenerational pressures, and sociopolitical stagnation. Participants employed a range of coping strategies, including introspection, therapy, and spiritual exploration; however, some also turned to maladaptive behaviors such as substance use and compulsive actions (e.g., trichotillomania) to manage distress. These results underscore the complex interplay between individual existential struggles and broader structural conditions. By situating existential anxiety within the lived experiences of Greek youth, this study offers novel insight into culturally situated meaning-making and contributes to the growing discourse on existential well-being in emerging adulthood. Full article

This scoping review study examines seven governments and some non-governmental organisations’ youth development mechanisms in response to drug and alcohol abuse among their youth. This scoping review, including sources from 39 studies and 16 government or organisational reports, are reviewed to investigate youth development measures to mitigate drug and alcohol abuse. This study revealed that youth development mechanisms, such as outreach youth work, digital youth work, and detached youth work, lead to significant changes in risky behaviours. The study further revealed that non-governmental organisations play a critical role in solving drug- and alcohol-related challenges among youth by deterring local merchants from selling drugs and alcohol to underage customers and by strictly regulating their promotion and advertising. Effective mechanisms to develop self-efficacy, purpose, and meaning in life among youth are needed. This study also highlights the need for a joint effort between government departments, local municipalities, non-governmental youth-focused organisations, and schools to come up with effective youth work strategies. This study concludes by proposing the establishment of a Southern African Development Community (SADC) Youth Work Association and the professionalisation of youth work in the region. This will ensure that intervention programmes are implemented by professional youth workers who have the skills and knowledge to work with vulnerable young people. Full article

Active school transportation (AST), including walking or cycling to school, is common among children and youth in India. However, rising air pollution and public health advisories may encourage parents to restrict outdoor activities. The role of parental restrictions on children’s and youths’ participation in AST remains largely unexplored. This study examines how parental restrictions on outdoor activity influence children’s and youths’ engagement in AST. We surveyed children and youth aged 5 to 17 from 41 schools across 28 urban and rural locations in five Indian states, collecting data on AST, parental restrictions, perceptions of air pollution, sociodemographic factors, and school distance. Data were analyzed using multiple logistic regression models, adjusted and unadjusted for children’s and youths’ perceptions of air pollution, segregated by age, gender, and location. Reported parental restrictions due to air pollution were associated with lower odds of engaging in AST overall (OR = 0.625, 95% CI = 0.400–0.971), for ages 5–12 (OR = 0.460, 95% CI = 0.208–0.985, and in urban areas (OR = 0.433, 95% CI = 0.198–0.881). Adjusting for children’s and youths’ air pollution perceptions, these associations persisted in overall and urban analyses. Living over 2 kilometres from school also lowered odds of AST participation (p < 0.05 across all models). The interplay between AST, air pollution, and parental restrictions is self-reinforcing: air pollution can trigger parents to restrict child and youth mobility and reduce AST and, in turn, lower AST may contribute to worsening air quality because of increased motorized transport. Integrated policies are required to simultaneously mitigate pollution and enhance active transportation infrastructure. Full article

Further Education in the UK aims to provide strong educational outcomes for young people. However, some young people are facing a range of complex issues that often require extra support or different interventions. A college developed a programme that combined professional youth work, support services, and formal teaching to see if this approach would improve outcomes. This research took a mixed-method approach to explore if the professional youth work approach has any impact on outcomes for young people. The research showed that professional youth work was considered a unique approach that allowed for more safeguarding concerns to be disclosed, and greater support for additional needs, resulting in improved attendance at college, and better outcomes in Math and English GCSE results. The qualitative data identified five themes that highlighted the effectiveness of this approach: soft skill development, improved familial relationships, unique youth work approaches, effective professional adult relationships, and cohesive professional working. The research concludes that youth work has a positive influence on young people’s formal education experience but must be recognized and supported to be effective. Full article

Young people have a desire to meaningfully contribute to their communities and create lasting impact. While youth service programs aim to support this goal, research often emphasizes youth development over social and environmental outcomes. This study addresses this gap by analyzing six youth service programs run by three national Canadian non-profits. Using a youth-led social framework, we examine the impact strategies young participants employed to implement service projects. Our findings highlight how youth use diverse strategies to achieve social and environmental outcomes, and we propose adjustments to the existing framework to better capture youth contributions. This research broadens the understanding of youth impact, emphasizing that young people are not only beneficiaries of service but also agents of meaningful change. Full article