Environmental Sciences Proceedings, Volume 2, 2020

The project CLIM2POWER aims at developing a climate service including state-of-the art seasonal climate forecasts in the planning of the operation of the power systems. This work presents part of the project, addressing the forecasting of the hydropo...

Acoustic survey methods have been used in recent years in Greece due to rapid growth of technology for leakage detection in water distribution networks. The application of the latest methodologies and technologies allowed water authorities to improve...

Only a few scientific research studies referencing extremely low flow conditions have been conducted in Greece so far. Forecasting future low stream flow rate values is a crucial and decisive task when conducting drought and watershed management plan...

Chios Island undergoes scarcity of freshwater, forcing local authorities to establish a sea-water desalination plant to cope with island’s water needs. Karyes village is plentiful with freshwater springs, augmented every year by the rainfall oc...

The experimental study of vegetated walls and their effects on humidity, air temperature and CO₂is essential. This paper presents an experiment on a green wall to apprehend its thermal and hydrological behavior and its impact inside the building. The...

The Athens Water in the Circular Economy demo case examines all three of the following as associated with Circular Economy (CE) in wastewater streams: water, energy and materials. The application area is the Athens Urban Tree Nursery, which is locate...

Effective mixing between contaminated water and nanoparticles is of great importance in various purification applications of microfluidics, especially when heavy metals are involved. Electromagnetic and shear mixing is combined here to explore optimi...

Drinking water distribution networks are among the most resilient infrastructure systems to disasters, specifically hazards such as accidental pollution, floods, droughts, earthquakes, and pandemics. Water operators experiencing these kinds of hazard...

The change of the hydrologic cycle is one of the biggest concerns related to global warming effects. Larger intensities of rainfall events greater in magnitude are foreseen in the coming years, strongly affecting Waste Water Networks (WWNs), leading...

The EPANET 2.0 is a public domain software used to model water distribution networks. The last main release dates to 2000. Recently, the Open Source EPANET Initiative has fixed some bugs and has brought new features to the EPANET solver, such as impr...

Infections caused by parasites affect millions of people around the world and cause human death worldwide. Most of the protozoan exists as free-living species in different aquatic environments as well as some of the species living in association with...

It is a privilege and pleasure to write the preface of the fourth conference of the EWaS Series of International Conferences! [...]

Marathon Lake is an artificial reservoir with great environmental, ecological, social, and economic significance because it was the main source of water for Athens, the capital of Greece, for many years. The present study details the first attempt to...

In this study, lock-exchange experiments in a tank of rectangular upper cross section and a lower valley of trapezoidal shape are performed. This is a realistic model of the valleys, which occur in nature. The experiments are performed for equal dept...

Leakage in water distribution networks (WDN) is still a major concern for water companies. In recent years, the scientific community has dedicated some effort to the leakage calibration issue to obtain accurate models. But leakage modelling implies t...

A new shape for the external surface of the Crossflow turbine blades is proposed, which allows for the preservation of hydraulic efficiency in spite of a significant maximum blade thickness providing mechanic robustness and reliability. The final sha...

In Skiathos Island the water is not potable due to mercury contamination and salinization. The mercury’s origin is natural due to the existence of cinnabar in the Skiathos aquifer as a mineral in the Earth’s crust. The possibility of merc...

Water distribution networks suffer from high levels of water losses due to leaks and breaks, mainly due to high operating pressure. One of the most well-known methods to reduce water losses is pressure management. However, when the operating pressure...

The aim of the research is the re-assessment of the flood risk when the sensitivity criteria used to evaluate the vulnerability are enhanced with adaptive-recovery capacity criteria and the exposure. Hence, in the proposed methodology, the vulnerabil...

A drinking water supply system is an extraordinarily complex system—consisting of kilometers of pipes and various tanks, valves, pumps, and other equipment. This complexity makes it extremely vulnerable to physical, chemical, and/or biological...

Although disinfection is a crucial process for the safety of drinking water, it is responsible for the formation of disinfection by-products (DBPs) being accused of severe health problems. The present study presents the development of models predicti...

Water distribution networks are low-energy efficiency systems, due to the high energy consumption, as well as the large amount of water leakage, which are caused by high pressures in the networks. In this study, the optimal location of pumps as turbi...

In this work, the optimal regulation of variable speed pump (VSP) was solved by means of two optimization algorithms: a mixed-integer optimizer based on the BONMIN (Basic Open-Source Nonlinear Mixed Integer Programming) package, and an original hybri...

Water network partitioning (WNP) represents an efficient strategy to improve management of water distribution networks, reduce water losses and monitor water quality. It consists in physically dividing of a water distribution network (WDN) into distr...

EPANET uses a demand-driven approach to compute pressures and flows in the water distribution system. The demand-driven approach (DDA) assumes that the required demand is always fully satisfied no matter the existing pressure. In scenarios of pressur...

Extreme weather conditions, attributed to climate change, include the increase in floods. The only available and appropriate response to the impacts of climate change already shown is adaptation. Adaptation is defined as the process of adjusting to c...

Membrane fouling still remains a drawback for membrane bioreactors; there is nevertheless a natural promising solution which is the growth of filamentous microorganisms in moderate concentrations. In this project, an innovative 25 L membrane bioreac...

This paper presents a practical application of a sensitivity matrix-based methodology for determining optimal pressure sensor locations for leak detection in a water distribution network (WDN). The optimization is formulated as multi-objective, explo...

Water leakages are one of the most significant uncertainties affecting water supply system (WSSs) modelling. Due to the dependence between water losses and pressure, the WSSs characterised by high values of pressure in the distribution network are st...

The use of zeolite-rich tuffs is a valid method for recovering nitrogen from wastewaters. This paper aims at describing the NH₄⁺ adsorption processes of an Italian chabazite zeolite tuff used for the treatment of raw liquid swine manure. The effects...

Private cisterns or underground tanks may be at risk for certain types of contamination associated with adverse health effects. This first and preliminary study evaluated the parasitological quality of drinking water stored in home-based cisterns in...

Cryptosporidium is an intracellular protozoan parasite and is increasingly gaining attention as a human and an animal pathogen, mainly due to its predominant involvement in worldwide waterborne outbreaks. This paper reviews the current knowledge and...

In the context of this paper, the term “price of water” refers to the charges for drinking water supply and sewage services. The current price of water in Serbia is generally set at an affordable level and does not reflect the real costs....

The study of the water–energy–food (WEF) nexus has received increasing attention by the science community and related stakeholders on a worldwide scale, focusing on how these three elements can interact sustainably. Even though many research papers,...

The drinking water supply of the city of Nikšić, the second largest city in the Republic of Montenegro, is secured from a nearby karstic groundwater resources. Water is transported from two different directions (two sources) into the distribut...

Wastewater treatment, as a crucial component of the urban water environment, consists of several energy-consumptive stages, therefore efficiency and energy savings measures are essential to maintain them as environmentally sustainable and economicall...

In mountain areas, natural hazards, e.g., flooding, snow avalanches, droughts, and landslides are triggered by climate change, anthropization, and economic development. Nature-Based Solutions (NBSs) are attracting increasing interest as they are able...

The operational management of tanks for urban water distribution networks is usually a critical element due to the dynamic nature of the water demand and the age of the distribution networks themselves. Today, in a context of water resource scarcity,...

Soil contamination is an issue of paramount importance to assess human health (HHRA) as well as ecological (ERA) risk assessment. To analyze risk scenarios related to contaminated soils, the identification of sources, either of primary or secondary t...

Flood caused by a dam-breaking flow may be catastrophic for the downstream area due to the sudden discharge of large volumes of water. Besides the complex flow of the propagating dam-break wave, the presence of structures such as bridges and building...

Water distribution networks are expected to fulfill the water demand by all consumers and at all times, even during critical scenarios, such as pipe failures. In this work, a methodology is proposed to maximize the quality of service during pipe fail...

The production of water in a drinking water supply system (WSS) comprises all drinking water enter in the net, while the consumption of water generally comprises all billed amounts of water in a WSS. The production and consumption of water in a drink...

The current analysis attempts to quantify the interlinkages between the water, energy and food sectors of California covering the period 2002–2015. The results reveal that 25% (60,696 GWh) of the annual energy consumption is attributed to agric...

To research the reasons for the unsatisfactory hydraulic conditions of the reciprocating baffled flocculation tank, this paper investigates its flow field through PIV (Particle Image Velocimetry) laboratory experiment tests and numerical simulation....

Chromium occurs in nature mainly in its trivalent or hexavalent form. Hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) is particularly toxic to humans, animals, and plants. The extensive pollution of groundwaters with Cr(VI) necessitates the complete understanding of natu...

Catalytic ozonation is an Advanced Oxidation Process (AOPs) based on the production of hydroxyl radicals, which are very reactive oxidative species. The aim of this study is to evaluate the catalytic activity of calcite on the ozonation of four diffe...

The purpose of the present work was to study the corrosion protection that relatively low-cost magnesium hydroxide coatings offer to concrete by stabilizing the surface pH. To facilitate the material’s adhesive ability, methyl-cellulose and carboxyme...

A very important part of water cycle monitoring is observing atmospheric energy balance (AB) which describes an interaction between atmosphere and land. The AB can be computed as a difference between precipitation (P) and evapotranspiration (EV). In...

A new set of local performance indices has recently been introduced within a mathematical framework specifically designed to promote a local–global analysis of water networks. Successively, some local indices were also set up and implemented on...

Measurements of stream discharge, bed load transport rate and suspended sediment concentration in the Nestos River (northeastern Greece) were conducted by the Section of Hydraulic Engineering, of the Civil Engineering Department, Democritus Universit...