- Review
Potentially Toxic Element Contamination in Uganda’s Potable Water Sources: A Systematic Review of Concentrations, Health Risks, and Mitigation
- Gabson Baguma,
- Gadson Bamanya,
- Hannington Twinomuhwezi,
- Wycliffe Ampaire,
- Ivan Byaruhanga,
- Allan Gonzaga,
- Ronald Ntuwa and
- Wilber Waibale
2 February 2026
Contamination of drinking water by potentially toxic elements (PTEs) remains a critical public-health concern in Uganda. This systematic review compiled and harmonized quantitative concentrations (mg/L) for key PTEs, lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), arsenic...

